Amiruddin Syam
Peneliti Pada Pusat Analisis Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian

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Sistem Pengelolaan Lahan Kering di Daerah Aliran Sungai Brantas Bagian Hulu. Aman Djauhari; Amiruddin Syam
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 14, No 1 (1996): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v14n1.1996.24-40

Abstract

IndonesianPermasalahan pertanian lahan kering di Indonesia sangat serius. Terdapat 80 Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) tergolong kritis erosi. Dua puluh dua diantaranya ditetapkan sebagai DAS super prioritas yang 11 diantaranya terletak di Pulau Jawa yang harus segera ditangani, seperti DAS Brantas di Provinsi Jawa Timur meliputi Kabupaten Malang, Blitar, Tulungagung dan Kabupaten Trenggalek. Upaya pemerintah dalam memperbaiki pengelolaan lahan kering di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) telah dilakukan dengan berbagai proyek dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan pendapatan petani, serta untuk mendorong partisipasi petani pelestari sumberdaya tanah dan air. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sistem usahatani konservasi teras bangku dan teras gulud dapat meningkatkan produktivitas usahatani dan pendapatan petani, serta dapat menurunkan laju erosi. Tingkat adopsi teknologi secara parsial cukup tinggi khususnya teknologi pola tanam, varietas unggul, budidaya tanaman pakan dan usaha ternak, serta usaha upaya tindakan konservasi tanah secara vegetatif. Hasil tersebut diduga karena sebegitu jauh evaluasi dan analisis sistem konservasi belum memberikan informasi yang komprehensif. Untuk mengadopsi paket teknologi secara utuh, para petani mengalami kesulitan karena beberapa kendala seperti keterbatasan modal dan tenaga kerja keluarga. Beberapa implikasi kebijaksanaan baik pada perbaikan teknologi, formulasi kebijakan dan untuk mendorong partisipasi masyarakat perlu diselaraskan pada tiap tahapan. Pada tahap awal peran pemerintah untuk peningkatan sumberdaya manusia dan subsidi. Pada tahap pengembangan maka pemerintah perlu mendorong swasta untuk investasi di lahan tersebut.
Daya Saing Usahatani Tebu di Jawa Timur A. Husni Malian; Amiruddin Syam
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 14, No 1 (1996): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v14n1.1996.1-11

Abstract

IndonesianProvinsi Jawa Timur merupakan daerah penghasil gula terbesar di Indonesia. Dalam lima tahun terakhir produksi gula terus meningkat dan memberikan kontribusi lebih dari 50 persen produksi gula nasional. Sebagai komoditas yang kegiatannya banyak melibatkan masyarakat, industri gula telah memberikan  pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Dalam kaitan ini pemerintah daerah mengeluarkan berbagai kebijaksanaan untuk mengatur pelaku pasar yang terlihat dalam sistem agribisnis gula. Dua kebijaksanaan yang ditujukan kepada petani tebu adalah penetapan pola glebagan yang menentukan batasan areal tebu seluas 30 persen dari luas wilayah, serta penetapan wilayah kerja pabrik gula. Kedua kebijaksanaan itu telah menghilangkan kesempatan petani untuk memilih komoditas yang ingin diusahakan serta memperoleh penerimaan usahatani yang lebih tinggi. Berbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran areal pertanaman tebu rakyat dari lahan sawah ke lahan kering. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penerimaan usahatani tebu pada lahan sawah lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan komoditas alternatif. Sedangkan untuk tebu yang diusahakan pada lahan kering, tingkat penerimaan yang diperolh pada sebagian besar lokasi penelitian lebih tinggi. Untuk mempertahankan pertanaman tebu pada lahan sawah diperlukan perhatian terhadap faktor utama yang menentukan daya saing, yaitu produktivitas hablur serta perbandingan harga provenue gula dan harga dasar gabah. Dalam kaitan ini berbagai program hendaknya diarahkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman tebu, serta perbaikan efisiensi dan kinerja pabrik gula.
Keragaan dan Perspektif Sosial Ekonomi Pengembangan Teknologi Transgenik Amiruddin Syam; I Wayan Rusastra; Tahlim Sudaryanto
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v19n2.2001.80-90

Abstract

EnglishThe objectives of this paper are: (1) To analysis the performance of transgenic farming system; (2) To assess the socio-economic impact of transgenic farm development, and (3) To describe current status and perspective of transgenic farm development. The review of emperical study indicated that: (1) Transgenic agricultural farming technically is feasible, but economically and environmentally still debatable. For developing countries, the socio-economic impact of transgenic farming development is the widening of technology dependency as well as income distribution, because of the limitation of technology adoption for the small-farmers; (2) For Indonesia, the consquences of foreign exchange earning reduction due to unwillingness of major importer of Indonesian agricultural product such as Japan and Europe Economic Countries (MEE), should be taken into account. In addition, the high dependency of transgenik agricultural technology is consider to be too visky for big country like Indonesia, for massive development in term of commodity coverage and area of development; (3) Transgenic agricultural development can be restricted just for import substitution agricultural commodities, with the prerequisite of having technically, socio-economically, as well as environmentally feasibility. The said development should be conducted on the respective area with the intention to fulfil domestic demand deficit. Strategic Biotechnology research for generation, assessment, and transgenic agricultural development should be inisiated to anticipate transgenic agricultural development in the future. IndonesianTulisan ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis keragaan usahatani tanaman transgenik, (2) Menganalisis dampak sosial ekonomi pengembangan tanaman transgenik, dan (3) Menganalisis permasalahan dalam pengembangan tanaman transgenik. Berdasarkan pembahasan, kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, (1) Usaha pertanian transgenik secara teknis layak di kembangkan, namun belum terdapat bukti secara meyakinkan dapat memberikan keuntungan ekonomi secara berkelanjutan dan masih diperdebatkan dampaknya terhadap keamanan lingkungan. Bagi negara sedang berkembang dampak sosial ekonomi pengembangan produk transgenik adalah peningkatan kesenjangan penguasaan dan ketergantungan teknologi, melebarnya displaritas pendapatan karena ketebatasan adopsi teknologi oleh petani lapisan bawah (2) Bagi Indonesia konskwensi keruguian eknomi (devisa) sebagai akibat penolakan produk pertanian transgenik oleh negara importif utama seperti Jepang dan Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa perlu di pertimbangkan secara seksama dalam pengembangan/pertanian transgenik. Disamping itu ketergantungan teknologi biologis (bibit) pertanian transgenik dinilai sangat beresiko bagi negara besar seperti Indonesia, bila pengembangannya dilakukan dalam cakupan komditas yang dan bersekala besar, dan (3) Pengembangan pertanian transgenik dapat dilakukan secara terbatas, khususnya untuk komoditas pertanian subtitusi impor, dengan persyaratan terpenuhinya kelayakan teknis, sosial ekonomi, dan lingkungan pengembangan perlu di lakukan pada wilayah terbatas(terkontrol) dengan sasaran memenuhi defisit kebutuhan domestik. penelitian pemuliaan dengan sasaran penciptaan, pengkajian, dan pengembangan komoditas transgenik yang bersifat strategis perlu dirintis sejak awal untuk mengantisipasi pengembangan pertanian transgenik dimasa depan.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PRODUKSI KOMODITAS KAPAS DI SULAWESI SELATAN AMIRUDDIN SYAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 5, No. 3 November 2005
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

The end target of development policy on plantation is to increase its product export rate aswell as to supply sufficiently its domestic industry needs. It could be achieved by increasingits productivity and enhancing its production efficiency. The objective of this research is tostudy cotton-farming performance in order to collect its input-output data, the function of thecotton production data including its production possibility frontier, and too see whichvariable might influence the production function. The result shows that the TE (TechnicalEfficiency) average for sampled cotton farmers is 0.70 in normal distribution. The applicationof the new technology on the transgenic molecular cotton and cooperation with operatingcompany are likely able to give the farmers prospective alternative in the future as it gives agreater benefit than that one they earned previously by planting local variety cotton. Thisreason is supported by sensitivity analyses in which if the cottonseeds price is reduced thenthe farmers are still benefited. The transgenic cottonseed has better germination rate andviability as well as higher quality and quality of its harvested production. These results couldbe achieved only if all the physical agronomic requirements such as favorable agro-climateduring vegetative stage are met adequately in addition to proper recommended fertilizing.
PENGARUH KENAIKAN HARGA BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK TERHADAP KINERJA USAHATANI PADI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA AMIRUDDIN SYAM; DEWI SAHARA; DAHYA -
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 7, No. 2 Juli 2007
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Rice is an agricultural commodity that has strategic value economic, environmental live, social and political aspect. Several governments, policies imply on production process immediately or not especially food crop. The research was done to know the impact of increasing price of fuel oil gas on farming system performance in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data were collected in Konawe and Kolaka as centre of rice production in Southeast Sulawesi. The result showed that there was in impact on agriculture tools especially tractor rent service, water pump, power thresher and RMU. As the effect on increasing price of fuel oil gas, tractor rent price increased to Rp 600.000 (50 %). Operational cost was fully been responsible for farmer, so the profit was better. The use of water pumps still low. Payment system for service of water pump is sharing holder system, 15 % for pump service and 85 % for farmer. There was no change on sharing composition; the profit obtained by farmer was more increase in relevant with increasing of price of agriculture commodity. The thresher service has change from 6.7 % to 9, 1 % and also service of RMU, 1 kg of 11 kg of rice was given to service hulling. Therefore, the effect of increasing fuel oil gas was burdened to farmer directly or indirectly, so the farmer position was still weak. Keyword: Government Policy, Oil Fuel Gas Price, Farming System Performance, Rice ABSTRAK Padi merupakan komoditas pertanian yang memiliki arti strategis baik dari segi ekonomi, lingkungan hidup, sosial maupun politik. Beberapa kebijakan yang dibuat pemerintah secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berimplikasi terhadap proses produksi terutama tanaman pangan, dari kebijakan pencabutan subsidi pupuk hingga kebijakan pengurangan subsidi bahan bakar minyak (BBM). Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat dampak kenaikan harga BBM terhadap kinerja usahatani padi di Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan data dilakukan di Kabupaten Konawe dan Kabupaten Kolaka sebagai sentra produksi padi di Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak kenaikan harga BBM terhadap alsintan terutama jasa sewa traktor, pompa air, power thresher dan penggilingan padi (RMU). Sebagai akibat kenaikan harga BBM usaha jasa traktor mengalami kenaikan sewa sebesar 50 % dari Rp 400.000/ha menjadi Rp 600.000/ha. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan penambahan biaya operasional sepenuhnya ditanggung oleh petani sehingga keuntungan usaha jasa traktor semakin membaik. Penggunaan pompa air relatif sangat sedikit. Sistem pembayaran untuk jasa pompa air adalah dengan sistem bagi hasil dari hasil kotor, yaitu 15 % untuk jasa pompa dan 85 % untuk petani. Dengan tidak adanya perubahan dalam komposisi pembagian maka keuntungan yang diperoleh pemilik pompa semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya harga komoditas pertanian. Penggunaan thresher untuk merontok padi juga mengalami perubahan ongkos sewa, yaitu dari 6,7 % (dari 15 karung, 14 karung untuk pemilik dan 1 karung untuk jasa thresher) menjadi 9,1 % (dari 12 karung, 11 karung untuk pemilik dan 1 karung untuk jasa thresher). Demikian pula dengan ongkos jasa RMU. Ongkos pembayaran giling dalam bentuk natura, yaitu dari 11 kg beras yang dihasilkan dipotong 1 kg untuk jasa penggilingan (90,0 % untuk pemilik beras dan 9,1 % untuk jasa RMU) menjadi 90 % untuk pemilik beras dan 10 % jasa RMU. Mencermati secara mendalam hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan harga BBM sepenuhnya dibebankan kepada petani baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sehingga posisi petani baik sebagai pengguna input maupun sebagai produsen padi cukup lemah. Kata kunci: Kebijakan Pemerintah, Harga BBM, Kinerja Usahatani, Padi
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGGARA DEWI SAHARA; DAHYA -; AMIRUDDIN SYAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 6, No. 1 Februari 2006
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

Cocoa is Southeast Sulawesi’s prime commodity which has area about 127.547,02ha. Kolaka regency is the central of cocoa development which contributed 73,39 % withfarmer involved about 101.062 head of family. This commodity is to be source of mainfarmer income and regional income, so to know value income of cocoa farming system, itwas done analysis to the factors which influenced profit level. The research was surveymethod on November – December 2004 in Pinanggosi and Aladadio villages, Lambadiasub district, Kolaka regency. The result showed that farmer income can be increasedthrough extensification and increasing the use of fertilizer. The average of area propertywas 2,69 ha and fertilizer used by farmer was still under recommendation. Therefore,cocoa farming system in this research area hasn’t given the maximal profit for farmersyet.
EFISIENSI PRODUKSI KOMODITAS LADA DI PROPINSI BANGKA BELITUNG AMIRUDDIN SYAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 4, No. 3 November2004
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

Most of Pepper farming in Indonesia is dominantly managed by small holdersplantation that resulted its production currently tends to be low and stagnant. Thiscondition has brought the producing Pepper as an export commodity to a question.Research on the Pepper production efficiency analyses and its factors influence wasconducted to answer the question. The objective of the research is to study thePepper farming performance and its production function included its productionpossibility frontier and which variables might influence the production function. Theresult shows that the Pepper farming is still profitable for the farmers. The TechnicalEfficiency (TE)) average of the sampled farmers is 0.71, means that to increase thePepper production is still prospective. Meanwhile, the distribution of the TE showsthat the Pepper does not have normal distribution. It means that there is still anopportunity to enhance its managerial capability as an internal factor influencing thePepper production (process). In addition to the physical factors such as productioninputs that influence the Pepper production, some other uncontrollable externalfactors i.e. climate and price are also involved in the Pepper production.
KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERTANIAN DALAM PENYEDIAAN LAPANGAN KERJA DAN PERBANDINGANNYA DENGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR LAIN AMIRUDDIN SYAM; KHAIRINA M. NOEKMAN
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 2, No. 1 Februari 2002
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

The objective of the study is to assess the performance of labor force bysector. It followed by the comparison among sectors. The study found that: (1) Thelabor force absorption role between 1985-1989, dominated by agricultural sectorwhich was 56.66% of all other sector absorption rate were only 5 – 13%, (2) In theshorterm, the labor force absorption rate of services and agricultural sectors are notas. Persistent as industrial and trade sectors. However, in the long run, theabsorption rate of agricultural sectors are persistently compared to industry andtrade, (3) Agricultural sectors are relatively more stable in the absorption of laborforce compared to other sectors.
DINAMIKA PERBERASAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA ZAINAL ABIDIN; IDRIS -; AMIRUDDIN SYAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 5, No. 3 November 2005
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Abstract

The research aimed to know dynamics of rice related to rice system in South East Sulawesiwas done in September to Oktober 2004 in Kendari regency (Uepai, Amonggedo,Pondidaha and Abuki district). This research used survey methode involved 40 responden.The data used secundary data having the caracter of time series and primary data. Theresulth showed that wet paddy production was very fluctuantive. Their productivity wasrelated stable at 3,5 – 3,8 t/ha. Dry land paddy was wide enough used by farmer especialyin area that had poor paddy field, but wide area and its production had overtime trendwhile production increased. That productivity was still lower than national productivity of2,52 t/ha. Although main production more increase in the latest of 10 years, but thegovernment represented by Bulog still brought rice from out side South East Sulawesiespecially from South Sulawesi. Rice farming system was showed R/C > 1 value. Than,exchange value of benefict on cost, the use of cost was still dominated by labour. Thebenefict used for labour was 29 %. Rice farming system contributed around 75 % of totalhousehould income, besides that, farmer also obtained income from the other farmingsystem, livestock and off-farm.
KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERTANIAN DALAM PENYEDIAAN LAPANGAN KERJA DAN PERBANDINGANNYA DENGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR LAIN AMIRUDDIN SYAM; KHAIRINA M. NOEKMAN
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 1 Februari 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (80.677 KB)

Abstract

The objective of the study is to assess the performance of labor force bysector. It followed by the comparison among sectors. The study found that: (1) Thelabor force absorption role between 1985-1989, dominated by agricultural sectorwhich was 56.66% of all other sector absorption rate were only 5 – 13%, (2) In theshorterm, the labor force absorption rate of services and agricultural sectors are notas. Persistent as industrial and trade sectors. However, in the long run, theabsorption rate of agricultural sectors are persistently compared to industry andtrade, (3) Agricultural sectors are relatively more stable in the absorption of laborforce compared to other sectors.