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Rizka Mulyawan
Chemical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Malikussaleh University
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A Review Of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling: Formation and Control Rizka Mulyawan; Agam Muarif
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 1, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (363.745 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v1i3.127

Abstract

Membrane application in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is getting more attention especially in producing drinking water. However, RO membrane faces challenges that reduces its performance such as its permeation flux, salt rejection, additional energy demand, lifetime decrease, extra pre-treatment process, cleaning and maintenance. The challenge is the formation of fouling. RO membrane fouling can happen inside or outside the membrane and the characteristics of membrane fouling differs from one type to other types, depending on the nature and location of membrane fouling. There are several types of RO fouling, which are Biofouling, Organic Fouling, Inorganic Fouling and Colloidal Fouling. The causes of RO membrane are different from one to another. The properties and materials of the  solution entering RO membrane are important as it affects the type of fouling of RO membrane fouling. All of the RO membrane foulings need to be considered during membrane usage and demand solution to be controlled. In order to control the fouling in Reverse Osmosis membrane, there have been several control solutions discovered to the membrane fouling challenges. The control solutions are specified to each one of the fouling, in spite of wide applications for some of it. The control solutions are pre-treatment, which has many methods such as photo oxidation, coagulation, scale inhibitor, ion exchange resins, granular media and membrane    treatment, membrane monitoring, membrane cleaning, surface modification, and material addition to membrane or novel membrane   material. With various control solutions discovered, the RO membrane still faces fouling issue and is still demanding some more    advanced applicable control solutions.
Synthesis of Cellulose Stearate Ester as Wet Strength Agent for Synthesis of Bio-polybag from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Eddy Kurniawan; Rizka Mulyawan; Angga Tri Agusna PA; Wika Armadani; Zainuddin Ginting
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (752.502 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v2i2.227

Abstract

Biodegradable polybags are an alternative to overcome the weakness of synthetic polybags because of their degradation properties. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain a lot of cellulose so that they can be used as a biodegradable polybag. Wet Strength serves to increase the physical strength of bio-polybags when exposed to water (in wet conditions) so that water content stability is required. In this study, Cellulose Stearate Esters were synthesized in an effort to increase the stability of the water content in bio-polybags. Cellulose Stearate Esters are synthesized through a transesterification reaction between -Cellulose isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) with methyl stearate. The synthesis of cellulose stearate esters was carried out by refluxing for 2 hours using methanol solvent with various catalysts Na2CO3 5, 10, 15, 20 mg and with volume variations of methyl stearate 5, 10, 15. And the best variation was determined based on the degree of substitution test, namely with variations Na2CO3 catalyst 20 mg and volume of methyl Stearate 15 ml, amounting to 1.95. The result of the synthesis, namely cellulose stearate, was tested for functional groups by FT-IR spectroscopy and surface morphology using SEM. The formation of cellulose stearate is supported by the FT-IR spectrum in the wavenumber region of 3468.01 cm-1 indicating an OH group, 3062.96 cm-1 indicating a CH stretching group, 1695.43 cm-1 indicating a C=O group, cm-1 indicating a CH bending group, 1095.57cm-1 indicates a COC group, 609.51cm-1 indicates a (CH2)n>4 group. The results of surface morphology analysis using SEM showed that the surface of cellulose stearate looked homogeneous, more regular and had denser cavities than -Cellulose
Oyster Shell Waste (Crassostrea Gigas) as A Cheap Adsorbent for Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dyes: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies Muhammad Muhammad; Meriatna Meriatna; Nia Afriani; Rizka Mulyawan
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 1, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (762.771 KB) | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v1i4.178

Abstract

In this study, Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) shell powder which contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was converted into calcium oxide (CaO). The Oyster shell powder that had been activated was utilized for the adsorption of the methylene blue (MB) dyeing material, which is one of waste water concerns. Oyster shells were crushed and sieved into 100 mesh sized powder and then calcinated at a temperature of 600℃ and 800℃ both for 4 hours period. To determine the adsorption equilibrium, methylene blue (MB) solution was used with varying concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L in which the adsorbent weighing 3 g was put into a conical flash and shaken until the adsorption equilibrium was reached. As for the adsorption kinetics, 250 mL MB solution was used with initial concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/L, with an adsorbent weight of 3 g and a solution at pH 11 for each concentration. The evaluation of the experimental data from the adsorption process is well explained by the Freundlich equation, with the correlation coefficient value (R2) found to be 0.9999, where the value of the adsorption intensity (n) is close to unity; this shows that the adsorption is multilayer or in other words the adsorption energy is heterogeneous. The kinetics study also shows that pseudo second-order model is the most applicable to the adsorption process. From the pseudo-second-order model, with the correlation coefficient between 0.9984 - 0.9999 can explain that the methylene blue (MB) adsorption process is chemically based sorption or in other words termed as chemisorption.
PEMBUATAN BIOPORI PADA LAHAN KOPI DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KOPI Syarifuddin; Khairul Anshar; Bakhtiar; Rizka Mulyawan; Agam Muarif
Aptekmas Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Vol 5 No 2 (2022): APTEKMAS Volume 5 Nomor 2 2022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36257/apts.v5i2.4331

Abstract

Abstract Arabica coffee is one type of coffee that dominates most of the world's coffee market. In Indonesia, arabica coffee can be found in Bali, Java, North Sumatra, Toraja and the Gayo Highlands. The Gayo Highlands are the best coffee producers in Indonesia. One of the determinants of coffee quality and productivity is the quality of coffee plantations. The problems faced by coffee farmers in Pante Raya Village, Kab. Bener Meriah is a dense soil condition because the land was previously used as paddy fields. As for the coffee plantation area of 1 ha, the yield of coffee beans is 2 tons with coffee husk waste as much as 1 ton per year. For now, the coffee skin is just trash. On the other hand, people use fertilizers to maintain and increase coffee productivity, but it costs a lot. Seeing these problems, community service was carried out in Pante Raya Village, Bener Meriah Regency by making biopori using coffee husk waste, leaves and twigs of coffee plants. The installation of this biopore is expected to be useful as a waste treatment medium that is useful for fertilizing the soil, increasing soil pores and absorption of water in the soil. This service activity will be carried out in the form of direct education and training on making biopori by utilizing the waste. Biopori is expected to reduce waste as well as provide alternative fertilizers that are safe and cheap. Keywords: Coffee, Gayo, biopori, waste, fertilizer
Feasibility Study of Potential Utilization of Tofu Industry Waste Into Cat Fish Feed Syarifuddin; Khairul Anshar; Subhan; Rizka Mulyawan
SAINSMAT: Journal of Applied Sciences, Mathematics, and Its Education Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : ACEND Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/sainsmat673

Abstract

Cat fish is one of preferred food for most Acehnese people, particularly in Lhokseumawe regions. This is the motive of most people are interested in cultivating such fish; beside the selling price is relatively high, it also has increasing ramp of demand every year. In order to meet the increasing demand, the fish farms are in need of appropriate feed aiming for upgrading cat fish growing rate. Around Lhokseumawe region, despite of numerous tofu industries the dregs are still not well utilized. The waste of tofu industries, which is tofu dregs, functions as cat fish feed. Tofu dregs made cat fish feed has numbers of advantages, such as accelerating the fish growth until 17-18%. This is due to the coarse fiber protein contain to be 7.11%, fat 4.93% and BETN 44.50%. Beside its nutritional advantages as alternative cat fish feed raw material, tofu dregs as cat fish feed material should be examined in technical and financial aspects so that it is guaranteed to be implemented. Hence, in this research the feasibility study was conducted on technical aspects of processing solid tofu dregs to be cat fish feed by using BEP and PP analysis methods. According to Payback Period (PP) value, the business has three months and six days period of time in order to return the initial investment capital. The production rate in one months must be above 542 kg in order to avoid from being lost. With the existing production capacity (1.092 kg/month), the cat fish feed price must be above IDR 6.116/kg in order to cover all expenditure in the time period.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Patchouli Essential Oil Industry Residue as Renewable Feedstock for Bioenergy Zainuddin Ginting; Adi Setiawan; Rizka Mulyawan; Wika Armadani; Yuda Hermawan; Ashish Shrestha
Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2022): March 2022
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Service, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jreece.v2i1.6644

Abstract

Patchouli plant is one of main agricultural commodities in Indonesia with an area of 64.67 ha. The solid waste produced from the distillation industry is around 98% of total feedstock. The aim of this research is to disclose the characteristics of solid waste biomass from patchouli essential oil industry harvested from Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. The properties of patchouli biomass before and after distillation was analyzed by using a number of techniques including proximate, bomb calorimeter, TGA-DTG, DSC and lignocellulosic analyses. Five kilograms of biomass was collected after patchouli harvesting then sorted into four categories i.e. leaves, branches and trunk. and mixture of all. Another set of biomass residue was collected after distillation process and grouped similar to those collected before distillation. All samples were then dried, ground and sieved to 50 mesh size. The analysis results showed that the highest heating value was observed from the sample of patchouli leaves collected before distillation process with a value of 15.65 MJ/kg where its volatile matter content was 81.26%. Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic suggested that 27% in pre-distilled branches. Mixture of all parts was found to contain 35% cellulose that was the highest. Lignin content with 42% value was found in after distilled trunk.
Characterization of Bottom Ash Waste Adsorbent from Palm Oil Plant Boiler Burning Process to Adsorb Carbon Dioxide in a Fixed Bed Column Novi Sylvia; Fitriani Fitriani; Rozanna Dewi; Rizka Mulyawan; Abrar Muslim; Husni Husin; Yunardi Yunardi; Mutia Reza
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 6 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.66509

Abstract

Palm oil bottom ash utilization from mill boilers as CO2 adsorbent has been in use for few years. This study aims to examine adsorbent characteristics and capabilities of bottom ash produced from boiler combustion in palm oil industry for CO2 adsorption before and after utilization, such as compound functional group using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, adsorbent morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and compound amount using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The CO2 adsorption was carried out in fixed-bed column. Process variables consist of volumetric flow rate, contact time and bed height. Results showed that SiO2 compounds in the heterogeneous form with average particle size of 1073 nm, as supported by FT-IR spectrum finding indicating SiO2 signal at wavelength of 958–954 cm–1. Additionally, EDX analysis showed Silica and Oxygen content of 11.88% and 36.90%, resulting 70% CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.350 mg/g at discharge of 5 L/min, contact time of 40 min, and bed height of 12 cm. Langmuir isotherm model was obtained with R2 of 0.998, qm of 1.588, and kL of 0.144. Meanwhile, the kinetic model followed a simple first-order prototypical with R2 of 0.952, C02 of 0.260, and k1 of 0.006.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT JERUK MANIS SEBAGAI PEKTIN DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI Anugrah Yunika Tambunan; Azhari Azhari; Rozanna Dewi; Nasrul ZA; Rizka Mulyawan
Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal - Mei 2022
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v11i1.7261

Abstract

Pektin merupakan salah satu kelompok karbohidrat yang larut dalam air yang terdapat pada dinding sel dan jaringan interseluler tanaman tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini bahan dasar yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pektin adalah kulit buah jeruk manis (Citrus Cinensis). Proses pembuatan pektin yang digunakan adalah proses ekstraksi padat cair, yaitu salah satu proses pembuatan pektin dengan proses transfer difusi komponen terlarut dari padatan inert kedalam pelarutnya atau dipakai untuk memisahkan analit yang ada di padatan  menggunakan pelarut organik. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan pektin dari limbah kulit buah jeruk manis. Sampel kulit jeruk manis 10 gr diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut HCl dan pencucian pektin dengan etanol. Konsentrasi etanol yang digunakan adalah (0,06, 0,08, dan 0,1N) dengan suhu ekstraksi 60°C, 70°C. Serta 80°C. Hasil terbaik dengan kondisi optimum pada penelitian proses pembuatan pektin dari limbah kulit buah jeruk manis secara ekstraksi adalah pada konsentrasi 0,1 N dan suhu 80°C diperoleh rendemen 31,81 %, kadar air 1,80%, kadar metoksil 10,39% dan kadar galakturonat sebesar 86,24%..
A REVIEW OF FOULING OF RO MEMBRANES: FORMATION Agam Muarif; Rizka Mulyawan
CHEMTAG Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2022): CHEMTAG Journal of Chemical Engineering
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UNTAG) Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (207.927 KB) | DOI: 10.56444/cjce.v3i1.2333

Abstract

Membrane application in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is getting more attention especially in producing drinking water. However, RO membrane faces challenges that reduces its performance such as its permeation flux, salt rejection, additional energy demand, lifetime decrease, extra pre-treatment process, cleaning and maintenance. The challenge is the formation of fouling. RO membrane fouling can happen inside or outside the membrane and the characteristics of membrane fouling differs from one type to other types, depending on the nature and location of membrane fouling. There are several types of RO fouling, which are Biofouling, Organic Fouling, Inorganic Fouling and Colloidal Fouling. The causes of RO membrane are different from one to another. The properties and materials of the solution entering RO membrane are important as it affects the type of fouling of RO membrane fouling. All of the RO membrane foulings need to be considered during membrane usage and demand solution to be controlled.    
Analysis Of Crude Palm Oil (Cpo) Quality Based On Vacuum Dryer Performance At Primajasa Palm Oil Mill Agam Muarif; Rizka Mulyawan; Marisa Fitria
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v7i1.6045

Abstract

The products produced at the Primajasa Palm Oil Mill are Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and palm kernel (kernel). The palm oil processing process goes through several stations, including loading ramp station, sterilizing station, threshing stations, digesting and pressing station, clarification station, and kernel stations. In the palm oil processing industry, the main factors that can cause damage palm oil quality are high moisture content and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. This study aims to analyze the quality of CPO based on the performance of the vacuum dryer at the Primajasa Palm Oil Mill as seen from the free fatty acid (FFA) and moisture content. The average results obtained from the analysis of the moisture content of CPO before entering the vacuum dryer and after leaving the vacuum dryer were 0.57% and 0.27%. Meanwhile, the average results obtained from the analysis of FFA CPO levels before entering the vacuum dryer and after leaving the vacuum dryer were 3.63% and 3.57%. Based on these results, it is known that a vacuum dryer can reduce the value of moisture content and FFA levels contained in CPO. These results also indicate that the moisture content and free fatty acid (FFA) content in the sample are in accordance with the national quality standard of CPO.
Co-Authors Abrar Muslim Adi Setiawan Angga Tri Agusna PA Anugrah Yunika Tambunan Ashish Shrestha Azhari Azhari Bakhtiar Chaniago, Bakhtiar Cut Rika Saffira Eddy Kurniawan Farid Yoanda Fitriani Fitriani Husni Husin Khairul Anshar Lukman Hakim Marisa Fitria Masrullita Masrullita Meriatna Meriatna Muarif, Agam Muhammad Muhammad Mutia Reza Nasrul ZA Nia Afriani Novi Sylvia Rizka Nurlaila Rozanna Dewi S, Syarifuddin Subhan A Gani Sulhatun Sulhatun Syamsul Bahri Wika Armadani Wika Armadani Yuda Hermawan Yuli Hesni Yunardi, Y Zainuddin Ginting