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EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN DERIVED FROM MAGGOT (BLACK SOLDIER FLY) WASTE AS EDIBLE COATING FOR RED GRAPES (Vitis vinifera) Sri Wahyuni; Ranti Selvina; Puspa Julistia Puspita; Haryo Tejo Prakoso; Priyono priyono; Siswanto siswanto
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 18, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v18n1.2021.45-56

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) farming showed an increasing trend in the past 5 years. The production process generates a leftover, that is the exuviae which are still untapped. BSF exuviae contain chitin and chitosan which can be utilized in various fields, one of which is fruit preservatives. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) is known to have many benefits and has a content of vitamins A, B, C, and E but it has a short shelf life. The purpose of this study was to characterize chitosan from BSF exuviae and choose the best edible coating method to be applied to grapes to prolong the grape’s storage time. Characterization includes physical condition, percent solubility, degree of deacetylation, and yield of the chitosan. Then, edible coating tests were carried out with 2% acetic acid solvent followed by two different methods, namely dyeing method with 5, 10 and, 15 minutes immersion time and spray method with a chitosan solution concentration of 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2 %, and 2,5%. The results showed that chitosan extracted from BSF exuviae produced a physical appearance in the form of white brown powder with 55% solubility and a degree of deacetylation of 91,88%. The chitin yield is 16,2%, followed by the chitosan yield of 4,8%. The best edible coating method which can maintain the physical appearance of grapes and inhibiting fruit decayed was obtained by dipping method at a concentration of 2,5% for 10 minutes. Based on the overall observations, however, the results obtained from the dip and spray method were not significantly different.

KARAKTERISASI BATUBARA LOW-RANK ASAL JAMBI DAN BEBERAPA DAERAH DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK HUMAT Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Sri Wahyuni; Hana Fadila; Fauziatul Fitriyah; Sulastri Sulastri; Insyiah Meida Luktyansyah; Siswanto Siswanto; Priyono Priyono
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi Januari 2022
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol18.No1.2022.1222

Pemanfaatan batubara low-rank sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat berpotensi menghasilkan produk dengan nilai jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi batubara low-rank asal Jambi dan beberapa daerah di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparasi terhadap sampel batubara low-rank dari berbagai daerah seperti Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Sumatera Selatan dan Jambi berdasarkan kandungan humatnya. Batubara low-rank asal Jambi dianalisis proksimat dan ultimat menggunakan metode ASTM. Pengamatan gugus fungsi senyawa humat dilakukan dengan uji FTIR. Pengamatan fisik, pengujian kadar humat dan berat jenis dilakukan pada semua sampel batubara low-rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel batubara asal Jambi memiliki kadar air 10,18%, abu 7,52%, zat terbang 38,70%, karbon tetap 43,60%, gross calorific value (GCV) 5118 Kkal/kg, hardgrove grindability index (HGI) 69 dan total sulfur 0,16%. Selain itu teramati beberapa unsur penting seperti karbon 55,47%, hidrogen 4,13% dan oksigen 32,18%. Berdasarkan uji FTIR, senyawa humat yang diekstrak memiliki gugus fungsi –OH fenolik, hidrokarbon alifatis dan aromatis, eter, serta karboksilat. Sampel batubara low-rank asal Palembang dan Jambi dapat direkomendasikan sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat skala industri, karena memiliki kandungan humat tertinggi yaitu 21,87% dan 20,35% (cair) serta 36,15% dan 31,85% (padat) secara berturut-turut.

Sintesis dan uji in vitro penghambatan nanokitosan-Cu terhadap pertumbuhan Fusarium oxysporum dan Colletotrichum capsici Sri WAHYUNI; Muhammad Alfian PRASETYO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; . PRIYONO; . SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 1 (2020): April, 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Wilt and anthracnose are diseases on chili that cause substantial losses and even crop failure. Control of the diseases is generally carried out using chemical pesticides which are environmentally harmful. Therefore, the development of nanoparticles, such as nanochitosan-Cu, can be an environmentally friendly solution in controlling chili disease. The current technology in developing nanochitosan-Cu is green synthesis, which uses an effective reducing agent but non-toxic for plants and the environment. However, the process requires sonication, which is difficult to be adapted for scale-up production. This research aimed to synthesize and determine the formulation of nanochitosan –Cuusing magnetic stirrer method without sonication, and also to evaluate the antifungal ability of nanochitosan-Cu againstFusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum capcisi causing wilt and anthracnose disease, respectively. Synthesis of nanochitosan-Cu was carried out at 50°C and 400 rpm of speed. Characterizations of nanochitosan-Cu were analyzed using SEM-EDX and PSA. In vitro antifungal activity test was carried out by food poisoning method.The results showed that the synthesis of nanochitosan-Cu using ionic gelation method can be carried out without sonication process, and produce round shape nanoparticles with 183.7 nm of diameter. The nanochitosan-Cu was effective against F. oxysporum and C. capsici, at a concentration of 100 ppm. It inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and C. capsici by 100% and 92.38%, respectively.Layu dan antraknosa merupakan penyakit pada tanaman cabai yang menimbulkan kerugian besar bahkan gagal panen. Pengendalian penyakit tersebut umumnya dilakukan menggunakan pestisida kimia yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan biofungisida yang ramah lingkungan, salah satunya adalah nanopartikel kitosan-Cu. Teknologi pengembangan nanopartikel yang saat ini sedang berkembang adalah green synthesis, yaitu menggunakan reduktor yang efektif namun tidak toksik terhadap tanaman dan lingkungan. Proses sintesis ini membutuhkan sonikasi yang cukup sulit untuk diadaptasi pada skala produksi masal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan sintesis nanopartikel kitosan-Cu dengan metode magnetic stirrer tanpa sonikasi, serta mengevaluasi kemampuan antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum dan Colletotrichum capcisi penyebab layu dan antraknosa. Sintesis nanokitosan-Cu dilakukan pada suhu 50°C dengan kecepatan 400 rpm. Karakterisasi nanokitosan-Cu dilakukan menggunakan SEM-EDX dan PSA. Uji aktivitas antifungi secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode peracunan makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintesis nanokitosan-Cu dengan metode gelasi ionik dapat dilakukan tanpa proses sonikasi dan menghasilkan nanopartikel berdiameter 183,7 nm dan berbentuk bulat. Nanokitosan-Cu yang dihasilkan efektif sebagai antifungi terhadap F. oxysporum dan C. capsici. Pada konsentrasi 100 ppm, nanokitosan-Cu mampu menghambat pertumbuhan F. oxysporum dan C. capsici masing-masing sebesar 100% dan 92,38%.

Biostimulasi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) pada fase awal di lahan kering (Biostimulation of vegetative growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the initial phase on dry land) Sri WAHYUNI; Hanning Susilo HABIBULLAH; Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Dian Mutiara AMANAH; . SISWANTO; . PRIYONO; Djoko SANTOSO; Saptowo Jumali PARDAL
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 86, No 2 (2018): Oktober 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractThe expansion of sugarcane areas as a support to national sugar production has shifted to sub-optimal dry land. In drought stress conditions, early growth of sugarcane usually can inhibite and decrease its productivity. This study aimed to test the efficacy of organic biostimulant in increasing vegetative growth of sugarcane in the dry land. Firstly, seedlings were submerged with biostimulant of Citorin-Rfor overnight. Secondly, the biostimulant application of Citorin-S was carried out by foliar sprayat age1 and4 months old trees. Humicacid 0.5% (v/v) was applied in soil before planting while the application of mycorrhiza was carried out by direct pouring on soil during planting. The results showed that the initial vegetative growth of biostimulant-treated sugarcane stem diameter and length were 23% wider and 27% higher compared to that of control, respectively. In subsequent growth cycle, all observed vegetative parameters showed higher growth value in the biostimulant-treated sugarcanes than that of the control. Plant height, stem diameter and number of tillers of biostimulant-treated sugarcanes had significantly higher values than that of the control. P3 treatment (organic biostimulant plus humic acid and mycorrhiza) was the best treatment. The height and diameter of P3 sugarcane stems were 47% wider and 59% higher, respectively, compared to that of control at 107 DAP.[Keywords: biostimulant, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers, number of leaves] Abstrak Penambahan areal tanaman tebu untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi gula nasional telah bergeser ke areal sub-optimal lahan kering. Pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan, pertumbuhan awal tebu biasanya terhambat dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas saat panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efikasi biostimulan organik untukmeningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu pada fase awal di lahan kering. Perlakuan biostimulan Citorin-R diaplikasikan pada benih dengan cara perendaman semalam. Perlakuan kedua, biostimulan Citorin-S disemprotkanpada saat tanaman tebu berumur 1 dan 4 bulan secara foliar spray. Aplikasi asam humat 0,5 % (v/v) di tanah dilakukan sebelum tanam, sedangkan aplikasi mikoriza dilakukan dengan pemberian langsung pada tanah saat penanaman bagal tebu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pertumbuhan vegetatif awal tanaman tebu perlakuan memiliki diameter batang sekitar 23% dan tinggi tanaman 27% lebih tinggi daripada tebu kontrol. Pada pertumbuhan selanjutnya, semua parameter vegetatif yang diamati menunjukkan nilai pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi pada tanaman tebu perlakuan daripada kontrol. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah anakan secara statistik berbeda nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman tebu perlakuan daripada kontrol. Perlakuan P3 (biostimulan organik plus asam humat dan mikoriza) adalah perlakuan terbaik. Tinggi dan diameter batang tanaman tebu P3 masing-masing 47% dan 59% lebih besar daripada batang tanaman kontrol pada 107 hari setelah tanam (HST). [Kata kunci :biostimulan, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun]

Peningkatan hasil dan penekanan kejadian penyakit pada jagung manis (Zea mays var. Bonanza) dengan pemanfaatan biostimulan berbahan kitosan Sri WAHYUNI; Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Agustin Sri MULYATNI; . SISWANTO; . PRIYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 87, No 2 (2019): OKTOBER, 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractCorn, an important crop in Indonesia still has a low productivity, thus many efforts are required to fulfill its national demand. One of the solutions to improve corn yield is by applying biostimulant containing chitosan as an active ingredient. Chitosan has been proved to increase plant growth and resistance against diseases. The objective of this research was to study the effects of several chitosan formulas on the yield and diseases occurance in sweet corn (Zea mays var. Bonanza). The chitosan formulas tested were soluble liquid(SL), wettable powder (WP), nano chitosan (NN), and unformulated chitosan (CH). The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with three replications. All chitosan formulas were applied by seeds soaking for 20 minutes, followed by foliar spraying on corn plants at three weeks after planting (WAP), with the concentration of 500 ppm (400 L/ha spray volume), every threeweeks until 9 WAP. Parameters observed were brix value, weight of corn cobs, weight of corn biomass, and plant diseases including downy leaves, leafblight and leaf rust. The results showed that NN formula increased the brix value up to 7%, the corn cob weight up to 49% and the biomass weight upto 34% compared to the control; whereas SL formula reduced the incidence of downy mildew by 53% at 3 WAP and leaf blight disease by 51% at 6 WAP. In addition, the incidence of corn leaf rust reduced 59-71% in corn plant subjected to all chitosan formulas. Based on the results, application of chitosan in NN formula was best in increasing yield, while in SL formula was best in reducing the incidence of important corn diseases.[Keywords: downy mildew, chitosan formula, seed treatment]AbstrakJagung sebagai salah satu komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia masih memiliki produktivitas yang rendah sehingga diperlukan usaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jagung nasional. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan hasil jagung adalah dengan aplikasi biostimulan yang mengandung bahan aktif kitosan. Kitosan telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan daya tahantanaman terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh beberapa formula kitosan terhadap hasil dan kejadian penyakit pada tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays var. Bonanza). Formula kitosan yang diuji adalah cairan yang dapat larut (soluble liquid, SL), tepung yang dapat dibasahi (wettable powder, WP), nano kitosan (nano chitosan, NN), dan kitosan non formulasi (unformulated chitosan, CH). Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Masingmasing formula kitosan tersebut diaplikasikan melalui perendaman benih selama 20 menit yangdiikuti dengan penyemprotan daun pada tanaman jagung berumur tiga minggu dengan konsentrasi 500 ppm (volume semprot 400 L/ha) yang dilakukan setiap tiga minggu sampai tanaman berumur sembilan minggu. Parameter yangdiamati adalah nilai brix, bobot tongkol jagung, bobot biomassa jagung, dan penekanan kejadian beberapa penyakit tanaman meliputi bulai, hawardaun, dan karat daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan NNmeningkatkan nilai brix jagung manis hingga 7%, bobot tongkol jagung hingga 49% dan bobot biomassa hingga 34% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sementara itu, aplikasi kitosan SL dapat menekan kejadian penyakit bulai hingga 53% padaumur tanaman 3 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan penyakit hawar daun hingga 51% pada umur 6 MST. Selain itu, kejadian penyakit karat daun jagung juga dapat ditekan 59-71% pada aplikasi keempat formula kitosan. Berdasarkan hasiltersebut, aplikasi kitosan NN paling optimal dalam meningkatkan hasil panen jagung manis, sedangkan aplikasi kitosan SL paling optimal dalam menekan kejadian beberapa penyakit pada tanaman jagung.[Kata Kunci: bulai, formula kitosan, perlakuan benih]

Aplikasi kitosan untuk penekanan kejadian penyakit dan peningkatan hasil panen tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) Sri WAHYUNI; Ciptadi Ahmad YUSUP; Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Priyono PRIYONO; Siswanto SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 90, No 2 (2022): Oktober, 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.484

Chitosan is a derivative compound from chitin that has potential as a biopesticide and biostimulant. This research aimed to analyze the effect of chitosan’s soluble liquid (SL) on the disease suppression and yield of rice. This research was conducted in two locations: the first was at Nglawak Village, Nganjuk District, East Java, and the second was at Harjasari Village, Tegal District, Central Java, in dry season of 2020. Chitosan SL application was carried out by foliar spray on rice plants at 2, 6, and 9 weeks after planting with the treatment of Chitosan SL 25 ml L-1 (P1), Chitosan SL 25 ml L-1+ synthetic pesticides (P2), synthetic pesticides application as control (P0). Each treatment was replicated nine times in each location. The vegetative parameters observed consist of leaf color, number of tillers, and plant height, while the number of productive tillers was observed during the harvesting period. The observed disease incidence was bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, and blast. The result showed that the application of Chitosan SL significantly affected disease suppression (sheath blight) and yield compared to control, and there was no significant effect between P1 and P2. The application of Chitosan SL could suppress sheath blight disease by up to 45% and increase crop yields by up to 25%. Abstrak Kitosan merupakan senyawa turunan dari kitin yang memiliki potensi sebagai biopestisida dan juga biostimulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh aplikasi kitosan soluble liquid (SL) terhadap kejadian penyakit dan hasil panen padi. Pengujian dilakukan di dua lokasi, yakni di Desa Nglawak, Kabupaten Nganjuk Jawa Timur dan di Desa Harjasari, Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah pada musim kemarau tahun 2020. Aplikasi kitosan SL dilakukan dengan penyemprotan daun pada 2, 6, dan 9 minggu setelah tanam, dengan perlakuan meliputi: kitosan SL 25 mL L-1(P1), kitosan SL 25 ml L-1+ pestisida kimia (P2), dan pestisida sintetik saja sebagai kontrol (P0). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali pada masing-masing lokasi. Parameter vegetatif yang diamati meliputi warna daun, jumlah anakan dan tinggi tanaman, sedangkan jumlah anakan produktif diamati pada saat panen. Kejadian penyakit yang diamati adalah hawar daun bakteri, hawar daun pelepah, dan blas. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan SL pada tanaman padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap penekanan kejadian penyakit hawar pelepahdan hasil panen dibandingkan kontrol, serta tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh yang nyata antara P1 dengan P2. Aplikasi kitosan SL mampu menekan kejadian penyakit hawar pelepah hingga 45% dan mampu meningkatkan hasil panen hingga 25%.

Synthesis of Chitosan Composite based on Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Exuviae with Kipahit Leaf Extract and its Inhibition Test against Xanthomonas Oryzae. Sri Wahyuni; Ridha Fauziyah; Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Deden Dewantara Eris; Haryo Tejo Prakoso; Siswanto siswanto; Priyono Priyono
Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rbaet.2021.005.02.03

HDB disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease in rice plants. Recently, many organic based antibacterial agents are being developed, one of which is chitosan. One of the potential raw materials for producing chitosan is Black Soldier Fly (BSF) exuviae. During the development, chitosan was formulated with other ingredients such as kipahit leaves (Tithonia diversifolia). The purpose of this study is to synthesize BSF-based chitosan, formulate BSF-based chitosan composites with kipahit leaf extract using 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate and test the antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae composites. The process of optimizing the extraction of kipahit leaves was carried out with a variety of solvents (2% acetic acid, 96% ethanol and 20% DMSO). The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the disc diffusion method at a concentration of 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1% (w / v). The results showed that the best kipahit leaf extraction was obtained using 96% ethanol as a solvent.Â

KARAKTERISASI BATUBARA LOW-RANK ASAL JAMBI DAN BEBERAPA DAERAH DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK HUMAT Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Sri Wahyuni; Hana Fadila; Fauziatul Fitriyah; Sulastri Sulastri; Insyiah Meida Luktyansyah; Siswanto Siswanto; Priyono Priyono
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 18 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi Januari 2022
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol18.No1.2022.1222

Pemanfaatan batubara low-rank sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat berpotensi menghasilkan produk dengan nilai jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi batubara low-rank asal Jambi dan beberapa daerah di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparasi terhadap sampel batubara low-rank dari berbagai daerah seperti Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Sumatera Selatan dan Jambi berdasarkan kandungan humatnya. Batubara low-rank asal Jambi dianalisis proksimat dan ultimat menggunakan metode ASTM. Pengamatan gugus fungsi senyawa humat dilakukan dengan uji FTIR. Pengamatan fisik, pengujian kadar humat dan berat jenis dilakukan pada semua sampel batubara low-rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel batubara asal Jambi memiliki kadar air 10,18%, abu 7,52%, zat terbang 38,70%, karbon tetap 43,60%, gross calorific value (GCV) 5118 Kkal/kg, hardgrove grindability index (HGI) 69 dan total sulfur 0,16%. Selain itu teramati beberapa unsur penting seperti karbon 55,47%, hidrogen 4,13% dan oksigen 32,18%. Berdasarkan uji FTIR, senyawa humat yang diekstrak memiliki gugus fungsi –OH fenolik, hidrokarbon alifatis dan aromatis, eter, serta karboksilat. Sampel batubara low-rank asal Palembang dan Jambi dapat direkomendasikan sebagai bahan baku pupuk humat skala industri, karena memiliki kandungan humat tertinggi yaitu 21,87% dan 20,35% (cair) serta 36,15% dan 31,85% (padat) secara berturut-turut.

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