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All Journal Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar JOURNAL OF WETLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Budi Martono
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
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Journal : Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar

 1 
Skrining Fitokimia Enam Genotipe Teh Budi Martono; Rudi T. Setiyono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p63-68

Abstract

Skrining fitokimia dimaksudkan untuk melakukan evaluasi pendahuluan tentang kandungan kimia pada teh (Camellia sinensis). Selain itu, teh mengandung katekin yang dapat digunakan sebagai petunjuk kualitas dari daun teh. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif dan kadar katekin pada teh. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2012 di laboratorium Pengujian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor. Skrining fitokimia pucuk peko dengan dua daun (p+2) dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur dari Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI), sedangkan analisis katekin dengan menggunakan metode SNI gambir. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), enam perlakuan dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah enam genotipe teh (Tbs 1, Tbs 2, Hibrid, Cin 143, Rb 3, dan Kiara 8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keenam genotipe yang diuji mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavanoid, steroid, dan glikosida. Genotipe Tbs 1, Hibrid, dan Kiara 8 positif mengandung senyawa triterpenoid, sedangkan Tbs 2, Rb 3, dan Cin 143 negatif. Genotipe Tbs 1 dan Tbs 2 memiliki kandungan katekin paling tinggi (kecuali bagian ruas+tangkai daun) dibandingkan dengan empat genotipe lainnya. Pucuk peko, daun pertama, dan daun kedua pada genotipe Tbs 1 memiliki kadar katekin masing-masing 17,92%, 11,73%, dan 14,67%, sedangkan pada genotipe Tbs 2 masing-masing 18,22%, 13,48%, dan 15,81%. Kadar katekin terendah dihasilkan oleh bagian ruas+tangkai daun pada genotipe Rb 3 (1,78%). Pucuk peko menghasilkan kandungan katekin bervariasi antara 8,36%-18,22%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daun pertama, daun kedua, dan bagian ruas + tangkai daun.Kata kunci: Camellia sinensis, fitokimia, genotipe, katekin, pucuk pekoPhytochemical screening was intended for a preliminary evaluation of the chemical constituents of the tea (Camellia sinensis). In addition, tea also contains catechin that can be used as an indication of the quality of tea leaves. The objectives of this study were to determine the content of the active compounds and catechin in tea. The research was conducted from April to June 2012 in the Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor. The phytochemical screening was performed based on the procedure of Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI), while the catechin analysis used the method of SNI gambir. The study was carried out in completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments used are six tea genotypes namely Tbs 1, Tbs 2, Hibrid, Cin 143, Rb 3, and Kiara 8. The results showed that the six tea genotypes tested contained the compounds of alkaloid, saponin, tannin, phenolic, flavanoid, steroid, and glycoside. Positively triterpenoid compounds present in the genotype of Tbs1, Hybrids, and Kiara 8, and negative in Tbs 2, Rb 3, and Cin 143. The genotypes of Tbs 1 and Tbs 2 produced the highest catechin content compared to the other genotypes. Catechin content was lowest in the part of internodes+leaf stalk of Rb 3 (1.78%). Pecco shoots produce catechin content of about 8.36%-18.22%, higher than the first leaf, second leaf, and the parts of internodes+leaf stalk.
Penampilan Fenotipik, Keragaman, dan Heritabilitas Sembilan Genotipe Teh [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n2.2020.p53-60

Abstract

The estimated value of genotype variability, phenotype variability, environmental variability, and heritability have an important role in breeding activities of tea in order to create the superior varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic performance, genotype and phenotype variation, and heritability value of nine genotypes of tea. The study was conducted at Pemandangan block, Tambi Plantation Unit,  Wonosobo, Central Java, from April 2013 until April 2014. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications was used in this study. The 9th of treatments consisted of 2 genotypes of tea resulting from a cross (GMB 3 and GMB 4), 2 introduced genotypes (TRI 2024 and TRI 2025), and 5 local genotypes resulting from selection (Cin 143, Kiara 8, RB 3, Tambi 1, and Tambi 2). The results showed that the genotype of GMB 3 more higher than other genotypes in pecco length, leaf length, leaf width, length of leaf stalk, and length of leaf internodes characters, whereas Tambi 2, GMB 3, and GMB 4 more higher in fresh weight of P+2 and P+3. The production of fresh shoot of GMB 4 more higher than the other genotypes, but not significant with GMB 3 and RB 3. The leaf length and fresh shoot production characters has a wide of genotype and phenotype variability, whereas the high of heritability value were found in all characters observed. The selection based on leaf length and fresh shoot production characters will be effective because both characters have a high genotypes variability and heritability.
Keragaman Genetik Klon Kakao Lokal Sulawesi Tenggara Berdasarkan Marka SSR dan Karakter Morfologi Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Budi Martono; Baharuddin Baharuddin; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n3.2018.p95-104

Abstract

Molecular and morphological characterization of cacao clones obtained from exploration in Southeast Sulawesi is very important to know their superiority and genetic relationships. Analysis of genetic diversity using molecular markers is also useful for detecting duplication found among collected clones. The research aimed to determine the genetic diversity of local cacao clones derived from Southeast Sulawesi based on SSR markers and morphological characters. The research was conducted at Cacao Research Sub-Station, Lebojaya Village, Konda Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, and Integrated Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute Sukabumi, and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development Bogor, from April to November 2015. Genetic diversity analysis was performed on 21 cacao clones covering 19 local clones and 2 national varieties using 22 SSR markers. The molecular characterization results showed that 11 markers are polymorphic, and subsequently used to group cacao clones using NTSYS program. The grouping results divided the cacao clones into 4 main groups at 0.46 genetic similarity values. Based on genetic distance values >0.7, 8 combinations of cacao clones can be selected as parental clones with the expectation to increase the effect of heterosis on progeny. On the other hand, result of morphological characterization generally indicated the diversity between the four cacao groups. Based on molecular and morphological characterization, it can be seen that cacao clones derived from Southeast Sulawesi have a high diversity and can be utilized in the development program of new improved varieties.
Ketahanan Pohon Induk Kopi Liberika terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun (Hemileia vastatrix B. Et Br.) di Kepulauan Meranti Rita Harni; Efi Taufiq; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n1.2015.p35-42

Abstract

Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered as the most devastating disease in coffee plants due to it can kill the plants. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance of Liberica coffee derived from Kepulauan Meranti against leaf rust disease (H. vastatrix) that will be used as a composite variety. The research was conducted in Kedabu Rapat Village, Rangsang Pesisir Sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti in 2013 and 2014. Observations were carried out at farmer field in an area of 170 ha toward Liberica coffee that previously has been selected. Leaf rust resistance can be observed on the leaves of each selected Liberica coffee tree. The observed parameters were attack symptoms and disease intensity index (IIP). The disease intensity index (IIP) refers to the score of infected plants, i.e.: 0 = immune, 1%–29% = resistant, 30%–49% = moderate resistant, 50%–69% = moderate susceptible and 70%–100% = susceptible. The observation result on 106 selected Liberica coffee trees against H. vastatrix showed 90 trees (84.90%) were resistant, 14 trees (13.1%) were moderate resistant, and one tree (0.9%) was susceptible. The resistance of Liberica coffee is known quite stable during two years of observation.
Keragaman dan Kekerabatan Genetik Koleksi Plasma Nutfah Teh Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Daun dan Komponen Hasil Vitria Puspitasari Rahadi; Heri Syahrian Khomaeni; Liberty Chaidir; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2016.p103-108

Abstract

Teh (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) merupakan tanaman menyerbuk silang dan memiliki sifat self incompatible. Upaya perakitan varietas unggul melalui persilangan buatan memerlukan informasi tingkat kekerabatan antar klon sebagai acuan dalam memilih tetua. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman dan tingkat kekerabatan 49 aksesi koleksi plasma nutfah teh berdasarkan karakter morfologi daun dan komponen hasil tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Pasir Sarongge, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan April sampai November 2015. Karakter morfologi meliputi panjang dan lebar daun, luas daun, sudut daun, jumlah tulang daun, dan panjang ruas antara daun ke–1 dengan ke–2. Komponen hasil meliputi jumlah peko, bobot peko (p+3), jumlah pucuk burung, bobot pucuk burung (b+1), dan hasil. Data hasil pengamatan digunakan untuk analisis deskriptif dan unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dengan matriks kesamaan menggunakan software XL-STAT versi 2009 hingga menghasilkan dendrogram antar aksesi plasma nutfah teh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 49 klon koleksi plasma nutfah teh yang dievaluasi memiliki keragaman pada karakter hasil, luas daun, jumlah pucuk burung, dan jumlah peko dengan nilai koefisien keragaman 27,77%–51,83%. Hasil dendrogram terbagi ke dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok I, 34 klon dengan karakteristik morfologi mendekati tipe sinensis, berdaun kecil, dan produktivitas rendah. Kelompok II terdiri dari 12 klon dengan karakteristik morfologi daun dan produktivitas tinggi mendekati tipe assamica. Kelompok III dan IV, masing-masing 1 klon bertipe assamica dengan ciri memiliki daun lebar. Tingkat kekerabatan paling jauh adalah antara kelompok I dengan II (55,59%), sedangkan paling dekat antara kelompok III dan IV (5,76%).
Kandungan Kafein dan Karakteristik Morfologi Pucuk (Pekoe) dengan 3 Daun Muda (P+3) Enam Genotipe Teh Budi Martono; Laba Udarno
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p69-76

Abstract

Caffeine plays an important role in determining a bitter flavor of tea. Different genotype and picking types cause differences in caffeine content and quality of tea. The research aimed to determine the caffeine content and morphological characteristics of shoots (peko) with 3 young leaves below (P+3) on several tea genotypes. The study was conducted at Tambi tea plantation and Laboratory of Testing, Center for Agro-based Industri (CABI), Bogor from April to June 2013. Caffeine was extracted using chloroform and measured at a wavelength of 276.5 nm. Caffeine analysis was carried out using shoots (peko) with 3 young leaves below (P + 3), which were arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 tea genotypes as treatments (Tbs 1 Tbs 2, RB 3, Kiara 8, Cin 143, and Hybrid) and replicated 4 times. Characterization on tea shoots was done by observing quantitative and qualitative characters. The results showed that genotypes had significant effect on caffeine content. RB 3 genotype had the highest caffeine content (3.58%) followed by Cin 143 genotype (3.43%). Based on caffeine content, Tbs 1 and Tbs 2 are promising genotypes with better quality than RB 3 and Cin 143. The diversity among genotypes revealed by shape, base, edges, and the tips of the leaves; the upper surface of leaves, leaf color, feathers on shoots (peko), leaf length and width characters, the ratio of the length and width of leaf, petiole length, number of leaf bones, flesh thick leaves, and shoots (peko) length. Moreover, caffeine content was negatively correlated with the ratio of the length and width of leaf.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik 21 Genotipe Teh [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Berdasarkan Penanda RAPD Budi Martono; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 5, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v5n2.2018.p77-86

Abstract

Knowing the genetic diversity in the tea germplasms collection is one of important conditions for assembling new superior varieties. Information of genetic diversity can be obtained through analysis using RAPD molecular markers. The study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 21 tea genotypes based on RAPD markers. The research was conducted in Integrated Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop, Bogor, from July to September 2013. Genomic DNA was isolated from 21 tea genotypes leaf samples, then amplified with primer OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, and OPD 08. Electrophoresis result was converted into binary data. The genetic similarity and cluster analysis calculation was done using NTSYS-pc version 2.10. In this research, 50 polymorphic bands (94,34%) and 3 monomorphic band (5,66%) were obtained. Cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmatic (UPGMA) divided 21 tea genotypes into two groups at a genetic similarity value of 0,48. Group 1 consisted of 20 tea genotypes, while the second group comprised only a one genotype (Sin 27). The range of genetic similarity matrix was between 28%–92%, the lowest genetic similarity (28%) was found between GMB 4 and Sin 27 genotypes, while the highest (92%) was found between AS 2 and AS 1 genotypes. The information obtained can be utilized in breeding programs with the support of agronomic characters as well as in the conservation of tea germplasm.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Varietas GMB 7 Pada Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat Budi Martono; Syamsul Falah; Eneng Nurlaela
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2016.p53-60

Abstract

GMB 7 merupakan varietas unggul teh yang mempunyai produktivitas tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami, dapat tumbuh dengan baik di dataran rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan fenolik, dan flavonoid pada teh varietas GMB 7. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biofarmaka Institut Pertanian Bogor, mulai November 2014 sampai Februari 2015. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah ekstrak pucuk teh yang diambil dari tiga ketinggian tempat di perkebunan teh PT Tambi, Wonosobo, yaitu 690, 1280, dan 1890 m dpl. Serbuk pucuk teh sebanyak 100 g ditambahkan akuades dengan perbandingan 1:10, diekstraksi dengan air panas (90°C; 30 menit). Ekstrak disaring dan filtratnya dikeringkan menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator (50 rpm; 60°C) sampai diperoleh ekstrak kasar kering. Fenolik total diuji dengan metode Follin-Ciocalteu pada panjang gelombang 765 nm, sedangkan flavonoid total diuji menggunakan metode AlCl3 pada panjang gelombang 510 nm. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai fenolik dan flavonoid total, serta nilai IC50 GMB 7 pada ketinggian 690 m dpl lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada ketinggian 1.280 dan 1.890 m dpl,  masing-masing sebesar 290,62 GAE mg/g ekstrak, 125 CE mg/gekstrak, dan 5,48 ppm. Kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total berkorelasi sangat nyata dengan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50).  
Keragaman Genetik Klon Lokal Kopi Robusta Asal Temanggung Berdasarkan Marka SSR Indah Sulistiyorini; Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Dani Dani; Budi Martono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 8, No 3 (2021): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v8n3.2021.p141-150

Abstract

Kabupaten Temanggung merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kopi Robusta di Jawa Tengah dengan beragam klon kopi lokal yang potensial. Dari hasil eksplorasi diperoleh beberapa nomor klon lokal kopi Robusta yang berpotensi memiliki produktivitas tinggi dan diduga tahan terhadap hama/penyakit. Namun, klon kopi lokal tersebut belum diketahui secara jelas tingkat kemiripan genetiknya dengan klon-klon unggul yang sudah dilepas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik 29 klon lokal kopi Robusta asal Temanggung berdasarkan marka SSR. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Molekular lingkup Laboratorium Terpadu Balittri, mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2018. Penelitian menggunakan 29 nomor klon lokal yang berasal dari Temanggung dan dua varietas yang sudah dilepas, yaitu BP 42 dan BP 358, sebagai pembanding. Sebanyak 14 marka SSR yang digunakan dalam penelitian bersifat polimorfik dan mampu mengelompokkan klon kopi lokal asal Temanggung menjadi 5 grup besar dengan nilai koefisien kemiripan genetik sebesar 0,57. Empat klon kopi lokal Temanggung, yaitu kopi Putih Daun Lebar, Lokal, Tugusari Hijau, dan Tugusari Kuning berada dalam satu grup yang sama dengan klon pembanding BP 42 dan BP 358 pada grup I. Satu klon lokal (Tugusari Hijau) memiliki kemiripan genetik dengan klon pembanding BP 358 sebesar 0,91. Sementara itu, 25  klon lokal lainnya berada pada grup yang berbeda dengan klon pembanding. Klon lokal yang mempunyai jarak genetik yang jauh selanjutnya dapat dipilih sebagai kandidat klon unggul lokal dalam program pemuliaan tanaman kopi.
Co-Authors Baharuddin Baharuddin Dani Dani Edi Wardiana Efi Taufiq Eneng Nurlaela Heri Syahrian Khomaeni Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono Indah Sulistiyorini Laba Udarno Liberty Chaidir Nur Kholilatul Izzah Nur Kholilatul Izzah Rita Harni Rudi T. Setiyono Syafaruddin Syafaruddin Syamsul Falah Vitria Puspitasari Rahadi