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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri) Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri
Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Keragaan Karakter Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak N-Heksana Beberapa Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Tembakau Sri Yulaikah; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Oktober 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v6n2.2014.69-80

Abstract

Setiap aksesi plasma nutfah tembakau memiliki keragaan karakter yang berbeda, baik karakter kualitatif, kuantitatif maupun kandungan senyawa kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi keragaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif delapan aksesi tembakau dan menganalisa komponen kimia yang terkan-dung di dalam daunnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso, Malang dan laboratorium Kimia, Universitas Brawijaya tahun 2012. Aksesi plasma nutfah tembakau yang dievaluasi adalah S.2258, S.24/kml2, S.24/kml3, S.2132/sin, S.2224, S.2279, S.2355, dan S.2154/kas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati adalah tepi daun, ujung da-un, kerapatan internode, sudut, dan tangkai daun; karakter kuantitatif yang diamati meliputi jumlah daun, ukuran daun, dan umur berbunga. Kandungan senyawa kimia daun diekstrak dengan N-heksana dan diana-lisa dengan menggunakan GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Hasil karakterisasi kualitatif me-nunjukkan bahwa delapan aksesi yang dianalisa memiliki keragaman karakter. Empat aksesi yang memiliki tepi daun menggulung cenderung mengandung kadar nikotin tinggi. Dari delapan aksesi yang dikarakter, S.2279 menghasilkan daun terbanyak (43,18 lembar), dan S.2224 memiliki jumlah daun paling sedikit (17,45 lembar). S.2279 memiliki umur berbunga paling dalam (135,82 hari), sedangkan paling genjah S.2224 (57,33 hari) tidak beda nyata dengan S.24/kml3 (61,90 hari). Komponen senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun terdiri atas 22 komponen, tergolong dalam kelompok senyawa alkaloid, hidrokarbon, alkohol, ester, eter, asam le-mak, dan isoamyl nitrit. Terdapat empat komponen besar senyawa kimia yang terdeteksi pada semua akse-si, yang salah satunya adalah senyawa nikotin. Kadar nikotin dalam daun berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah daun, ukuran daun, dan umur berbunga. Each tobacco accession has specific qualitative and quantitative characteristics and contains different chemi-cal compositions. This study aimed to characterize qualitative and quantitative properties of eight tobacco accessions and to analyze chemical components of the tobacco leaves. The study has been conducted at Ka-rangploso Experimental Station of ISFRI, Malang and Chemistry Laboratory of Brawijaya University in 2012. Eight accessions of tobacco germplasm i.e. S.2258, S.24/kml2, S.24/kml3, S.2132/sin, S.2224, S.2279, S.2355, and S.2154/kas were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Observation of quali-tative characters included type of leaf tip, leaf edge, internode, angle, and twig leaf; quantitative characters included leaf size, number of leaves, and flowering time. Chemical components of the leaf were extracted with N-heksana and identified by using GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Qualitative proper-ties of eight accessions showed various characteristics. Four accessions with rolling leaf edge tended to have high nicotine content. Of eight evaluated accessions, S.2279 produced highest leaf number (43.18 sheets), and S.2224 produced the smallest number of leaf (17.45 sheets). S.2279 had the latest flowering age (135.82 days), whilst S.2224 was the earliest (57.33 days) which was no significant different with S.24/kml3 (61.90 days). Chemical components of the evaluated tobacco leaf comprised of 22 compounds belong to alkaloids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, fatty acids, and isoamyl nitrite. There were four major groups detected on all accessions, which one was nicotine. There was also noted that nicotine content negatively correlated with number of leaves, leaf size, and flowering time.
Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan dengan Katalis NaOH dan KOH Garusti Garusti; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq; Joko Hartono; Prima Diarini Riajaya; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2020): OKTOBER 2020
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v12n2.2020.78-85

Abstract

Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah reaksi transesterifikasi tanpa katalis berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga dikhawatirkan reaksinya tidak stabil, serta kebutuhan input energi yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tidak layak teknis. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat reaksi transesterifikasi diperlukan katalis. Penggunaan KOH 1% dan NaOH 0,75% sebagai katalis pada proses transesterifikasi dapat mempercepat reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji kemiri sunan, campuran dari beberapa aksesi, yang dihasilkan dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% dan KOH 1 % dibandingkan dengan SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel. Metode pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan meliputi tahapan degumming, transesterifikasi, separasi dan pencucian. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Biodiesel kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75% memiliki nilai kadar air 0,03%, densitas 0,89 (g/cm3 ), angka asam 0,38 mg/KOH/g, angka iod 42,67, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 °C 5,45 °C, dan titik nyala 173 °C. Biodiesel dengan penambahan katalis NaOH 0,75% menghasilkan mutu lebih baik dari penambahan katalis KOH 1%. Biodiesel dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% sudah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel pada parameter mutu yang diukur (kadar air, densitas, angka asam, angka iod, viskositas kinematik, dan titik nyala). Parameter lain dalam SNI 04-7182-2015 yang belum dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75%.Characteristics of Toxic-Candlenut Biodiesel with NaOH and KOH CatalystsNon-food oils, such as toxic candlenut seed oil, have the opportunity to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The problem that arises in biodiesel process is the slowly transesterification reaction, when without a catalyst will cause unstable reaction, need very high energy inputs, so that makes it technically unfeasible. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to accelerate the transesterification reaction. The use of 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH in the transesterification process can accelerate the reaction. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of biodiesel from toxic candlenut oil, a mixture of several accessions of the toxic candlenuts, which was produced with 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH catalyst.  The results were then compared to the characteristics of those determined in SNI 04-7182-2015 of Biodiesel. The method in producing biodiesel included the stages of degumming, transesterification, separation and washing. The experiment was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory of IRSFCRI in August to December 2019. Toxic candlenut biodiesel using 0.75% NaOH catalyst has a value of moisture content (0.03%), density (0.89 g/cm3), acid number (0.38 mg/KOH/g), iodine number (42.67), kinematic viscosity at temperature 40°C (5.45°C), and flash point (173°C). Biodiesel quality with 0.75% NaOH is better than that of 1% KOH catalyst. Biodiesel with 0.75% NaOH catalyst has achieved the requirement of the SNI 04-7182-2015 on Biodiesel on almost all parameters (i.e., water content, density, acid number, iodine number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point). Other parameters in SNI 04-7182-2015 that have not been reported in this study need further research on biodiesel of toxic candlenut oil using 0.75% NaOH catalyst. Toxic candlenut biodiesel is expected to be used for biofuel.
Potensi Diversifikasi Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) untuk Pangan dan Kesehatan Elda Nurnasari; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n2.2017.82-92

Abstract

Tanaman penghasil serat alami dari genus Hibiscus yang cukup populer di Indonesia adalah rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Nilai kemanfaatan rosela sangat luas baik untuk pangan dan kesehatan, sehingga potensi diversifikasi rosela cukup besar.  Tujuan penulisan review ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kandungan fitokimia potensial tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki efek farmakologis dan fisiologis serta beberapa diversifikasi produk makanan, minuman dan produk kesehatan. Bagian tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki kandungan fitokimia potensial adalah daun, buah, biji, batang dan akar. Senyawa fitokimia potensial tersebut meliputi kelompok senyawa fenol, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, dan asam organik. Fungsi rosela herbal secara farmakologis dan fisiologis diantaranya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antifungal, aktivitas antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antihipertensi. Diversifikasi produk rosela herbal meliputi nanokapsul ekstrak rosela, pewarna alami, pangan fungsional, obat herbal, feed additive, bahan kosmetik, minyak goreng, cat, dan bahan bakar nabati. Inovasi teknologi proses produksi dalam diversifikasi produk rosela perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan komponen bioaktif rosela herbal. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani dan produksi rosela herbal nasional. Potential Divercification of Herbs Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for Food and HealthPlants of the genus Hibiscus that produce natural fibers are roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The benefit value of roselle is very wide for food and health, so the potential of roselle product diversification is quite large. The purpose of this review provides information on potential phytochemical content of herbs roselle plants that have pharmacological and physiological effects as well as some product diversification for food, drink, and health product. The plant part of herbs roselle that has potential phytochemical content is leaves, fruit, seed stem and root. These potential phytochemical compounds include groups compounds of phenol, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and organic acids. The functions of herbs roselle for pharmacological and physiological include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive activity. Products diversification of herbs roselle includes nanocapsul of roselle extract, natural dyes, functional foods, herbal medicines, feed additives, cosmetic ingredients, cooking oil, paints, and biofuels. The innovation technological of production process in the roselle product diversification needs to be continuously done to increase the added value and optimization of bioactive herb component utilization. Therefore it is expected to improve the welfare of farmers and national production of herbs roselle.
Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Tebu sebagai Pakan Fermentasi Probiotik Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v4n1.2012.37-45

Abstract

Program swasembada gula 2014 memberikan dampak perluasan area pertanaman tebu. Pada tahun 2010 luas areal tebu telah mencapai 418.259 ha dengan produksi tebu nasional 34.218.549 ton, sehingga diha-silkan limbah daun tebu dan bagas sebanyak 16,7 juta ton yang sangat potensial untuk pakan ternak. Ino-vasi teknologi dibutuhkan dalam peningkatan kandungan nutrisi limbah tebu yang masih rendah. Pembuatan pakan fermentasi probiotik dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk meningkatkan nutrisi dan daya cerna pakan. De-gradasi senyawa organik dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan bakteri selulolitik, lignolitik, dan hemiselulolitik. Mikroba yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pakan fermentasi probiotik meliputi jamur (Aspergillus niger, Pha-nerochaete chrysosporium), khamir (Saccharomyces cerevisieae), dan bakteri (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, dan Streptococcus).Sugar self-sufficiency programs in 2014 impact the extension of sugarcane planting area. In 2010, sugarcane area have reached 418,259 ha with a nation production of 34,218,549 tons of sugarcane, so that the result-ing waste sugarcane leaves and bagasse as many as 16.7 million tons with huge potential for livestock feed. Technological innovation is needed in improving the nutrition content of low sugarcane waste. Preparation of feed probiotics fermentation may be an alternative to improve the nutrients and digestibility of feed. Degra-dation of organic compounds can be done by cellulolytic, lignolitic, and hemicelulolitic bacteria. Microbes that can be utilized in feed probiotics fermentation include fungi (Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysospo-rium), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus).
Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI; BUDI SANTOSO; AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.199-205

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAKTingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum
Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI; BUDI SANTOSO; AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.199-205

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAKTingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum
Keragaan Karakter Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia Ekstrak N-Heksana Beberapa Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Tembakau Sri Yulaikah; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Oktober 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v6n2.2014.69-80

Abstract

Setiap aksesi plasma nutfah tembakau memiliki keragaan karakter yang berbeda, baik karakter kualitatif, kuantitatif maupun kandungan senyawa kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi keragaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif delapan aksesi tembakau dan menganalisa komponen kimia yang terkan-dung di dalam daunnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso, Malang dan laboratorium Kimia, Universitas Brawijaya tahun 2012. Aksesi plasma nutfah tembakau yang dievaluasi adalah S.2258, S.24/kml2, S.24/kml3, S.2132/sin, S.2224, S.2279, S.2355, dan S.2154/kas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati adalah tepi daun, ujung da-un, kerapatan internode, sudut, dan tangkai daun; karakter kuantitatif yang diamati meliputi jumlah daun, ukuran daun, dan umur berbunga. Kandungan senyawa kimia daun diekstrak dengan N-heksana dan diana-lisa dengan menggunakan GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Hasil karakterisasi kualitatif me-nunjukkan bahwa delapan aksesi yang dianalisa memiliki keragaman karakter. Empat aksesi yang memiliki tepi daun menggulung cenderung mengandung kadar nikotin tinggi. Dari delapan aksesi yang dikarakter, S.2279 menghasilkan daun terbanyak (43,18 lembar), dan S.2224 memiliki jumlah daun paling sedikit (17,45 lembar). S.2279 memiliki umur berbunga paling dalam (135,82 hari), sedangkan paling genjah S.2224 (57,33 hari) tidak beda nyata dengan S.24/kml3 (61,90 hari). Komponen senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun terdiri atas 22 komponen, tergolong dalam kelompok senyawa alkaloid, hidrokarbon, alkohol, ester, eter, asam le-mak, dan isoamyl nitrit. Terdapat empat komponen besar senyawa kimia yang terdeteksi pada semua akse-si, yang salah satunya adalah senyawa nikotin. Kadar nikotin dalam daun berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah daun, ukuran daun, dan umur berbunga. Each tobacco accession has specific qualitative and quantitative characteristics and contains different chemi-cal compositions. This study aimed to characterize qualitative and quantitative properties of eight tobacco accessions and to analyze chemical components of the tobacco leaves. The study has been conducted at Ka-rangploso Experimental Station of ISFRI, Malang and Chemistry Laboratory of Brawijaya University in 2012. Eight accessions of tobacco germplasm i.e. S.2258, S.24/kml2, S.24/kml3, S.2132/sin, S.2224, S.2279, S.2355, and S.2154/kas were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Observation of quali-tative characters included type of leaf tip, leaf edge, internode, angle, and twig leaf; quantitative characters included leaf size, number of leaves, and flowering time. Chemical components of the leaf were extracted with N-heksana and identified by using GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Qualitative proper-ties of eight accessions showed various characteristics. Four accessions with rolling leaf edge tended to have high nicotine content. Of eight evaluated accessions, S.2279 produced highest leaf number (43.18 sheets), and S.2224 produced the smallest number of leaf (17.45 sheets). S.2279 had the latest flowering age (135.82 days), whilst S.2224 was the earliest (57.33 days) which was no significant different with S.24/kml3 (61.90 days). Chemical components of the evaluated tobacco leaf comprised of 22 compounds belong to alkaloids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, fatty acids, and isoamyl nitrite. There were four major groups detected on all accessions, which one was nicotine. There was also noted that nicotine content negatively correlated with number of leaves, leaf size, and flowering time.
Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan dengan Katalis NaOH dan KOH Garusti Garusti; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq; Joko Hartono; Prima Diarini Riajaya; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2020): OKTOBER 2020
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v12n2.2020.78-85

Abstract

Minyak non pangan seperti minyak biji kemiri sunan berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah reaksi transesterifikasi tanpa katalis berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga dikhawatirkan reaksinya tidak stabil, serta kebutuhan input energi yang sangat tinggi menjadikan tidak layak teknis. Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat reaksi transesterifikasi diperlukan katalis. Penggunaan KOH 1% dan NaOH 0,75% sebagai katalis pada proses transesterifikasi dapat mempercepat reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji kemiri sunan, campuran dari beberapa aksesi, yang dihasilkan dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% dan KOH 1 % dibandingkan dengan SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel. Metode pembuatan biodiesel yang digunakan meliputi tahapan degumming, transesterifikasi, separasi dan pencucian. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Biodiesel kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75% memiliki nilai kadar air 0,03%, densitas 0,89 (g/cm3 ), angka asam 0,38 mg/KOH/g, angka iod 42,67, viskositas kinematik pada suhu 40 °C 5,45 °C, dan titik nyala 173 °C. Biodiesel dengan penambahan katalis NaOH 0,75% menghasilkan mutu lebih baik dari penambahan katalis KOH 1%. Biodiesel dengan katalis NaOH 0,75% sudah memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2015 tentang Biodiesel pada parameter mutu yang diukur (kadar air, densitas, angka asam, angka iod, viskositas kinematik, dan titik nyala). Parameter lain dalam SNI 04-7182-2015 yang belum dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan menggunakan katalis NaOH 0,75%.Characteristics of Toxic-Candlenut Biodiesel with NaOH and KOH CatalystsNon-food oils, such as toxic candlenut seed oil, have the opportunity to be used as raw material for biodiesel. The problem that arises in biodiesel process is the slowly transesterification reaction, when without a catalyst will cause unstable reaction, need very high energy inputs, so that makes it technically unfeasible. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to accelerate the transesterification reaction. The use of 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH in the transesterification process can accelerate the reaction. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of biodiesel from toxic candlenut oil, a mixture of several accessions of the toxic candlenuts, which was produced with 1% KOH and 0.75% NaOH catalyst.  The results were then compared to the characteristics of those determined in SNI 04-7182-2015 of Biodiesel. The method in producing biodiesel included the stages of degumming, transesterification, separation and washing. The experiment was conducted in Phytochemical Laboratory of IRSFCRI in August to December 2019. Toxic candlenut biodiesel using 0.75% NaOH catalyst has a value of moisture content (0.03%), density (0.89 g/cm3), acid number (0.38 mg/KOH/g), iodine number (42.67), kinematic viscosity at temperature 40°C (5.45°C), and flash point (173°C). Biodiesel quality with 0.75% NaOH is better than that of 1% KOH catalyst. Biodiesel with 0.75% NaOH catalyst has achieved the requirement of the SNI 04-7182-2015 on Biodiesel on almost all parameters (i.e., water content, density, acid number, iodine number, kinematic viscosity, and flash point). Other parameters in SNI 04-7182-2015 that have not been reported in this study need further research on biodiesel of toxic candlenut oil using 0.75% NaOH catalyst. Toxic candlenut biodiesel is expected to be used for biofuel.
Potensi Diversifikasi Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) untuk Pangan dan Kesehatan Elda Nurnasari; Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (485.875 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n2.2017.82-92

Abstract

Tanaman penghasil serat alami dari genus Hibiscus yang cukup populer di Indonesia adalah rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Nilai kemanfaatan rosela sangat luas baik untuk pangan dan kesehatan, sehingga potensi diversifikasi rosela cukup besar.  Tujuan penulisan review ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kandungan fitokimia potensial tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki efek farmakologis dan fisiologis serta beberapa diversifikasi produk makanan, minuman dan produk kesehatan. Bagian tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki kandungan fitokimia potensial adalah daun, buah, biji, batang dan akar. Senyawa fitokimia potensial tersebut meliputi kelompok senyawa fenol, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, dan asam organik. Fungsi rosela herbal secara farmakologis dan fisiologis diantaranya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antifungal, aktivitas antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antihipertensi. Diversifikasi produk rosela herbal meliputi nanokapsul ekstrak rosela, pewarna alami, pangan fungsional, obat herbal, feed additive, bahan kosmetik, minyak goreng, cat, dan bahan bakar nabati. Inovasi teknologi proses produksi dalam diversifikasi produk rosela perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan komponen bioaktif rosela herbal. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani dan produksi rosela herbal nasional. Potential Divercification of Herbs Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for Food and HealthPlants of the genus Hibiscus that produce natural fibers are roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The benefit value of roselle is very wide for food and health, so the potential of roselle product diversification is quite large. The purpose of this review provides information on potential phytochemical content of herbs roselle plants that have pharmacological and physiological effects as well as some product diversification for food, drink, and health product. The plant part of herbs roselle that has potential phytochemical content is leaves, fruit, seed stem and root. These potential phytochemical compounds include groups compounds of phenol, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and organic acids. The functions of herbs roselle for pharmacological and physiological include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive activity. Products diversification of herbs roselle includes nanocapsul of roselle extract, natural dyes, functional foods, herbal medicines, feed additives, cosmetic ingredients, cooking oil, paints, and biofuels. The innovation technological of production process in the roselle product diversification needs to be continuously done to increase the added value and optimization of bioactive herb component utilization. Therefore it is expected to improve the welfare of farmers and national production of herbs roselle.
Co-Authors Budi Santoso Elda Nurnasari Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati Garusti Garusti Joko Hartono Prima Diarini Riajaya RULLY DYAH PURWATI Sri Yulaikah