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GROWTH RATE COMPARISONS OF THREE COLOR MORPHS OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.) CULTURED IN COMMERCIAL FLOATING NET CAGES Rudhy Gustiano
Zuriat Vol 15, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v15i2.6817

The study aims at establishing possible relationships between growth of weight and color morphs difference of the common carp cultured in floating netcages. Ten floating net-cage (7 m × 7 m × 2 m) were selected from three farms in Cirata Reservoir for studying growth performance. Each cage-net was stocked with 300 kg of 12 cm–16 cm common carp juvenile. The fish was weighed every other week, i.e., at week 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The fish in each cage were gathered to one side of the cage with bamboo sheets. Thirty fish for each of three colors (blue, green, and red) were randomly sampled from each cage using a scoop net. The result showed that the green fish was the fastest growing in 2 of the 3 significant cases and blue for 1 case. In most cases color morphs also did not show any differences in the weight regression coefficients. However, there were 5 significant cases where green was always the best followed by the blue one. Thus, there was evidence that the dark color (green and blue) gained weight faster than light one (red). Green and blue colored showed similarity in growth performance based on weight regression coefficient.

COLOR POLYMORPHISMS ON COMMON CARP CULTURED IN INDONESIA Rudhy Gustiano
Zuriat Vol 16, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v16i2.6759

In most cases, phenotypic variation is partly a result of genetic differences and partly environmental in origin. It appears that polymorphism is caused by some gene frequency changes which are due to natural selection. Morphological markers (body color and scale pattern) are the easiest indicators to identify and important when large sample are involved. In addition, the coloration in food fishes is often important in determining market price. Moreover, the production of fish depends not only on their genes and environment but also on the interaction of these two factors. Several investigations reported that some color genes have pleiotropic effect on growth rate and viability of fish. Hence, it is important to understand the basis of color polymorphisms in order toenhance genetic improvement and brood stock management plans for common carp in Indonesia. The occurrence color polymorphism showed that the proportion (%) of each color morphs in each farm showed a high proportion of green color morph in common carp stocks. Dark colored carps are preferred over brightly pigmented ones. Bright colored morphs are preferred to the colorless (white). Comparison among the red, yellow, white, green and blue color morphs of common carp showed that each morph has its own specific chromatophore type densities, pigment distribution pattern. The study also showed that color variation is governed by the types of pigment cells present. The genetic color polymorphisms study showed that various color phenotypes were mainly controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance. Symbols for gene loci proposed as follow: B1 and B2 for common green body background (wild type allele), R1 and R2 for red and yellow. T is for wild nontransparent scale type and P for uniform body color background. B1 and B2 are epistatic to R1 and R2 genes. On the basis of the growth rate comparison results obtained on common carp in Indonesia, there was evidence that dark color (green and blue) common carp gained weight faster than the light color one (red). Green and blue colored showed similarity in growth performance.

PHENETIC ANALYSIS OF 28 SPECIES PANGASIID CATFISHES FROM ASIA Rudhy Gustiano; Laurent Pouyaud
Zuriat Vol 16, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v16i1.6787

A great variation in the external morphology of pangasiid catfishes and it is difficult to give a standard definition of their external appearance. The degree of similarity, known as phenetic analysis, is generally one of the criteria on which the recognition of taxa has been based. The objective of this phenetic analysis was to determine the degree of similarity. A measure of dissimilarity was computed from the coordinates of the first two axes of the Correspondence Analysis, using Euclidean distance. The distances were used to produce coefficients of similarity between each species pair. Distances are non-negative and low values indicate similarity. Distance values for the matrix were then clustered with the unweighted pair-group method using the arithmetic average and summarized in a phenogram. The results showed that all species analysed for proposed genera aggregated. Analysis on 28 species supports that they should belong to four genera.

LETHAL DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND BLOOD PROPERTIES OF GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus IN SEAWATER AND FRESHWATER [Oksigen Terlarut Letal dan Gambaran Darah Ikan Belanak Mugil cephalus di Air Laut dan Tawar] Vitas Atmadi Prakoso; Ki Tae Kim; Byung Hwa Min; Rudhy Gustiano; Young Jin Chang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 15, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v15i1.2861

Ikan belanak Mugil cephalus adalah salah satu spesies ikan euryhaline dan merupakan ikan ekonomis penting yang terdistribusi secara luas di dunia. Namun, penelitian tentang pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap metabolisme ikan ini masih kurang banyak diteliti meskipun hal tersebut penting untuk mengoptimalkan budidaya. Karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari tingkat oksigen terlarut (DO) letal dan gambaran darah ikan belanak pada kondisi pemeliharaan dengan salinitas berbeda. Dua kelompok penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar DO letal dan gambaran darah ikan belanak pada kondisi pemeliharaan di air laut (LOS) dan air tawar (LOF). Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan closed rectangular chamber dan sampel darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ikan belanak menjadi tidak stabil pada kondisi oksigen terlarut di bawah 2 mg/L (1.3 mg/L pada LOS, 1.6 mg/L pada LOF). Dalam kondisi oksigen terlarut menjadi 1 mg/L, aktivitas ikan menurun dan mengalami kematian pada konsentrasi 0.3 mg/L. Kedua kelompok penelitian yang diamati tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Parameter darah seperti Ht, Hb, osmolalitas, kortisol, dan glukosa dalam percobaan LOS memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan LOF. Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa indikator respon stress pada ikan belanak semakin meningkat dengan menurunnya kandungan oksigen dalam air. Kadar kortisol berada pada nilai 90.7 ng/ml di LOS dan 56.4 ng/ml di LOF, sedangkan kadar glukosa berada pada nilai 169.0 ng/ml di LOS dan 71.5 ng/ml di LOF. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar oksigen terlarut bagi ikan belanak dianjurkan tidak berada di bawah 2 mg/L pada kondisi pemeliharaan di air laut maupun air tawar untuk menghindari kematian pada ikan.

HUBUNGAN PANJANG DAN BOBOT IKAN NILA LOKAL, BEST F5 DAN F6 DI PANGKEP, SULAWESI SELATAN PADA UMUR 60 HARI PEMELIHARAAN Irin Iriana Kusmini; Rudhy Gustiano; Fera Permata Putri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 13, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v13i2.685

Best tilapia is breed fish developed by Research Center and Development of Freshwater Aquaculture (BPPBAT) Bogor that has been launched since 2008. Best tilapia is the third generation of gift tilapia. In order to obtain a better growth performance, BPPBAT continued the process of breeding, and to date we have obtained the sixth generations of Best tilapia. This study was aimed to determine growth of tilapia through observation of the relationship between the length and weight of local tilapia, F5 and F6 BEST which were maintained in brackish waters in the Pangkep area, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were taken at random, 30 fishes were taken from each population for length and weight measurement. Calculation of the length-weight of fish in the Pangkep area obtained regression coefficient (b) for local fish 2.4361; BEST F5 3.1077 and F6 3.0522. These values indicated that the local tilapia was negatively allometric while BEST was positively allometric, with local fish condition factor ranged between 0.471-1.334, F5; 0.468-1.479 and 0.498-1.534 F6 respectively. This results has indicating the normal condition of the fish. The length-weight relationship of fish had a value of determinant (R 2) ranged from 0.7829-0.9182, and indicated fish variations influenced by other variables was rather small and has suggested close relationship between length and weight.

KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN HIBRIDISASI EMPAT STRAIN IKAN MAS MH Fariduddin Ath-thar; Vitas Atmadi Prakoso; Rudhy Gustiano
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 5 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i5.1919

One way to support the increase of aquaculture production is to produce superior strains of growth. Carp as one of the potential for these commodities only rely on local strains which have had a decline in quality. For that, the effort to generate superior growth of carp need to be done. One way to do that is by hybridization. We carried out reciprocal crosses of 4 strains of carp Rajadanu, Subang, Majalaya and Kuningan to obtain 16 new strain candidates. Furthermore, growth test was conducted to find out the best candidate of the absolute and specific growth parameters. From these results, it was concluded that the absolute growth in length, weight, and the highest biomass obtained by crosses of SB x RD, the highest length and weight Specific Growth Rate obtained by crosses of RD x MJ. For the highest degree of survival is at the intersection of KN x SB, whereas the highest survival rate in the use of female parent KN. In the dominant male of female survival is the parent SB. The biggest positive heterosis character length growth values obtained by crosses of SB x RD. For the highest weight growth heterosis values obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. On the character of hatching, the highest positive heterosis values obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. The degree of survival of the highest heterosis values obtained by crosses of KN x MJ. On the character of the highest positive heterosis values of biomass obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. As for the character length SGR highest positive heterosis values obtained by crossing two directions of RD and SB. And for the character weight Specific Growth Rate, the highest positive heterosis values obtained by crossing two ways KN and MJ.

EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND BLOOD PROPERTIES OF YOUNG GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus Vitas Atmadi Prakoso; Ki Tae Kim; Byung Hwa Min; Rudhy Gustiano; Young Jin Chang
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Oxygen consumption (OC) is one of important factors in aquaculture activities, as the oxygen is a vital condition for all the organisms living in the water and having an aerobic type of respiration. OC is the preferred method for measuring and reporting the metabolic rate in fish. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinity on OC and blood properties of grey mullets. Five experimental groups were conducted to measure OC and blood properties of grey mullets Mugil cephalus (BW: 187.9 ± 45.8 g) according to salinity (30→0 psu, 0→30 psu) changes; SDS: fish reared in seawater (SW, 30 psu) directly shifted to SW, SGF: SW fish gradually shifted to freshwater (FW, 0 psu), SDF: SW fish directly shifted to FW, FDF: FW fish directly shifted to FW, and FDS: FW fish directly shifted to SW. The result showed that OC tended to decrease in the groups of SW fish shifted to FW showing 194.5 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in SDS to 82.4 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in SGF. On the contrary, OC increased in the groups of FW fish shifted to SW showing 80.5 mg O2/kg/h at 15°C in FDF to 184.0 mg O2/kg/h at 25°C in FDS. Cortisol levels at the end of experiments were rapidly increased with the lowering salinities in SW fish shifted to FW showing 20.6 ng/mL in SDS to 316.2 ng/mL in SDF, while those were decreased with the increasing salinities in FW fish shifted to SW showing 40.2 ng/mL in FDF to 10.3 ng/mL in FDS. However, glucose levels showed no significant differences among all experimental groups. Based on the information from this study, aquaculture of grey mullet might be applied or developed in freshwater due to its osmotic adaptation ability.

Reproductive Characteristics and Induced Breeding in Heterobranchus longifilis Jojo Subagja; Rudhy Gustiano
Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal Vol 22, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2005.22.3.180

Two experiments were conducted in the IRD-Gamet Laboratory, Montpellier, France. The first was to evaluate the recovery of Heterobranchus longifilis female gonad after induced ovulation, under tropical condition. Oocyte diameter was used as indicator of the recovery rate following by induced breeding, hatching rate and abnormality of larvae. The results showed that the recovery was about 28 to 35 days after ovulation. The second was carried out to improve the milt production by hormone treatments. Volume of intratesticular sperm and the number of spermatozoa were observed. The results indicated that the treatmens did not prove any significant difference.

Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Empat Populasi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kolam Percobaan Cijeruk, Bogor Rudhy Gustiano; Titin Kurniasih; Otong Zenal Arifin
Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal Vol 22, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2005.22.3.177

The objective of the present study was to obtain good populations of Oreochromis niloticus based on their growth performances. Four populations, i.e GIFT-6, Tempe, Local, and GIFT-3 were used in this study. Sixteen 16 cages laid in four earthen ponds in the Cijeruk Research Installation, Bogor, were used as replication. The results showed that there were no significant difference among four populations for biomass, but a significant difference among populations was observed on length parameter (F < 0.01),in which the local population was the best.

The Success of Freshwater Aquaculture Program: Nile Tilapia or “Nila” Culture In Indonesia Rudhy Gustiano; Otong Z Arifin; Jojo Subagja; Kurniawan Kurniawan; Tri H Prihadi; Adang Saputra; M H F Ath-Thar; Wahyulia Cahyanti; Vitas A Prakoso; Deni Radona; Irin I Kusmini; Anang H Kristanto
Zuriat Vol 34, No 2 (2023): September, 2023
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v34i2.50108

This paper discusses the current status of tilapia aquaculture production, historical development based on the production growth, technological advances in genetic improvement and culture system, trade and product development, strategies, and policies in maintaining and improving national production. All data and information used in this manuscript were collected from available publications relating to the past and present status of tilapia cultivation in the country. Nowadays, Indonesia is the second-largest tilapia producer in the world with the contribution of about 25.89% to tilapia global production. In Indonesia, tilapia is the largest production among other cultured species. The annual growth production of tilapia is inccread 11.61% from 2011 to 2018. West Java Provinceis the largest tilapia producer followed by West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Central Java. In the last six years, most of tilapia production comes from pond culture followed by floating cages, net cages, paddy fields, and pen culture. The success of tilapia culture is much influenced by technological improve in grow-out and genetic improvement of the local varieties. A side of that, trading and global market oriented are also established with various acceptable products. Tilapia aquaculture in Indonesia shows the succsess story of freshwater aquaculture program from nothing before 1990 to be something at present time. To maintain and increase the future production of tilapia, it needs strategies and policies in production and trade. The tilapia program maybe used as a role model for another economic imprortant freshwater species in Indonesia.

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