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-429 T/C and -374 T/A Polymorphisms in Receptor Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) gene in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy at the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta Agustina Welhelmina Djuma; S. Sunarti; Pramudji Hastuti
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 17, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Receptor of advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. The interaction between the RAGE and advanced glycation end product (AGE) leads to oxidative stress and could result in cellular activation and infl ammation. The production of AGE occurs normally during aging but it increases in hyperglycemia condition. The objective of this research was to investigate the association between -429 T/C and -374 T/A polymorphisms in RAGE gene with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) of type 2 diabetic patients in Javanese population. This was a case control study which consisted of 40 type 2 diabetic patients with DR as case subjects and 40 type 2 diabetic patients without DR (NDR) as control subjects. Genotyping of polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP. Chi-square test and odds ratio models were used to evaluate the association of both polymorphisms and DR risk and to examine 2-SNP haplotype of -429 T/C and -374 T/A polymorphisms in RAGE gene on DR. The genotype frequencies of -429 T/C polymorphism in RAGE gene in DR subjects were TT = 72.5% and TC/CC = 27.5%; while in NDR subjects were TT = 80% and TC/ CC = 20%, with p = 0.431. The allele frequencies of -429 T/C polymorphism in DR subjects were T = 83.7% and C= 16.3%, while in NDR subjects were T = 87.5% and C = 12.5%, with p = 0.499. The genotype frequencies of -374T/A polymorphism in RAGE gene in DR subjects were TT = 67.5%, TA = 32.5% while in NDR subjects were TT =82.5%, TA = 17.5%, with p = 0.121. In DR subjects, the frequencies of T and A were 83.7% and16.3%, while in NDR subjects the frequencies of T and A were 91.2 % and 8.8%, with p = 0.151. Odds ratios of -429 T/C polymorphism were 1.52 (95% CI = 0.54 – 4.29) for TC/CC genotype and 1.358 (95% CI = 0.56 – 3.31) for C allele. Odds ratios of -374 T/A polymorphism were 2.27 (95% CI = 0.79 – 6.49) for TA genotype and 2.02 (95% CI = 0.76 – 5.37) for A allele. χ2-value for 2-SNP haplotype was p = 0.127. The -374 T/A polymorphism in RAGE gene was a stronger risk factor of DR than -429 T/C polymorphism in RAGE gene. There were not signifi cantly different of frequencies of genotypes, allele, and two-SNP haplotype of -429 T/C and -374 T/A polymorphisms in RAGE gene between DR subjects and NDR subjects.

T-786c Polymorphism in nitric oxide synthase 3 gene and Nitrit Oxide Level of Diabetic Retinopathy in Javanese Population Putri Widelia Welkriana; S. Sunarti; Pramudji Hastuti
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 16, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Complication of retinopathy in type 2 DM is caused of lower level of NO. Nitric oxide level is synthesizedfrom L-arginin in reaction that catalyze Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 3. The T-786C mutation in NOS 3 genedecreases the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 3 so decreases NO synthesis. To investigate theassociation between T-786C polymorphism in NOS 3 gene with NO level of diabetic retinopathy patients. Thisstudy was a case control study, consist of 40 patient of type 2 diabetic with DR (case group) and 40 patient oftype 2 diabetic without DR (control group) of Javanese ethnic. The genotyping of T-786C polymorphism wasperformed by PCR-RLFP. Level of NO was measured by spectrophotometry. Chi square test and odd ratiowere used to analyze the association of the T-786C polymorphism in NOS 3 gene with DR. Differences ofNO level between TT and TC genotypes were analyzed using independent t test. The distribution of T-786Cpolymorphism in NOS 3 gene of DR subjects showed that frequency of TT genotype was 22.5% and TC genotypewas 77.5%. Non DR subjects showed the frequency of TT genotype was 50% and TC genotype was 50%, (p=0.011). Frequency of T allele in DR group was 61.25% and C allele was 38.75%, and frequency of T allele in nonDR group was 75% and C allele was 25%, (p= 0.62). Odd ratio of TC genotype was 3.444(CI; 95% : 0.964-3.735)and C allele was 1.898 (CI; 95% : 1.310-9.058). The NO level of TC genotype was 1.43+0.126 and TT genotypewas 11.27+5.87 (p=0.000). Level of NO between RD and non RD showed not different significantly (p=0.160)for retinopathy. The T-786C polymorphism of NOS 3 gene is risk factor for retinopathy in type 2 DiabetesMellitus. Individual with TC genotype of NOS 3 gene has lower level of NO than TT genotype.

The Effect of Synbiotic Shake on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Hyperglycemia Wistar Rats Lily Arsanti Lestari; Inas Nur Hafizhah; Happy Nurlita Octavinanda; Latifah Mahdiyati; Refdiana Dewi; Perdana Samekto Tyasnugroho Suyoto; Emy Huriyati; Sunarti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 8, No 3 (2020): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Institute for Halal Industry and System (IHIS) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.1098

Several studies found that the probiotic bacterias such as Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 could prevent glycemia and control the blood lipid profiles. Currently, a probiotic product such as yogurt is not preferable by some consumers since the taste is sour. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop milkshakes supplemented by probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 which are expected to be more acceptable and have a beneficial effect with the addition of prebiotics and soluble fiber glucomannan. This study aims to determine the effect of synbiotic shakes on fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemia Wistar rat models. The study design was a pre-posttest controlled group with 48 male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups, namely the healthy control group (I); hyperglycemia control group (II); group III that received metformin; group IV that received synbiotic shake with La5 + FOS; group V that received synbiotic shake La5 + inulin; group VI that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + FOS; group VII that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + inulin; and group VIII that received synbiotic shake La5 + Bb12 + FOS. The dose of the intervention was 3.6 ml/day with an intervention duration of 28 days. The results showed that the differences in blood glucose levels were not significant (p> 0.05) except for groups IV and VI that experienced a significant increase (p <0.05). The differences in lipid profiles showed insignificant changes in LDL levels except in groups IV and V, a significant increase in HDL levels (p <0.05) in group V and VI, and insignificant change in triglycerides except in group VI. It can be concluded that the administration of synbiotic shakes with a variety of prebiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 for 4 weeks were able to maintain fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemic rats.

The relationship between vitamin A and ferritin towards malondialdehyde level among Javanese male smokers Ajeng Viska Icanervilia; . Sunarti; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1038.144 KB)

Cigarette smokes produce a large number of oxidants and promote secretion of ferritin byalveolar macrophages which are potential to encourage the lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde(MDA) is used as a parameter of lipid peroxidation. The study was aimed to evaluate therelationship between blood level of vitamin A and ferritin and MDA among Javanese malesmokers. Sixty men who lived in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia comprising 30smokers as case group and 30 nonsmokers as control group were involved in this study. Bloodsample was obtained from cubiti vein and then centrifuged to obtain plasma or serum. Blood levelsof vitamin A, ferritin and MDA were measured by HPLC, ELISA and spectrophotometric methods,respectively. The result showed that the blood vitamin A, ferritin, and MDA levels in smokers were25.09±9.51μg/dL, 35.50±24.17ng/dL, 1.15±0.42μg/L, respectively, whereas in non smokers, theywere 26.11±9.19 μg/dL, 38.60±15.25 ng/dL, 1.06±0.50 μg/L, respectively. Therewas no significantdifference of the blood vitamin A, ferritin, and MDA levels between smokers and the non smokers(p>0.05). The linear regression analysis indicated that there was negative relationship betweenblood vitamin A and MDA levels although it was not significant (p=0.052), while blood ferritin andMDA levels had a significantly positive relationship (p=0.010). In conclusion, the low level of bloodvitamin A among cigarette smokers does not lead to high blood MDA level, while high level of bloodferritin among smokers leads to high blood MDA level.

Effects of Dioscorea esculenta and Eubacterium rectale on insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) Expression in skeletal muscle and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in diabetic rats . Sunarti; Tri Setyawati; Neni Oktiyani; Rio Jati Kusuma
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (666.589 KB)

Low expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Dioscorea esculenta and Eubacterium rectale on the Irs1 expression in the skeletal muscle and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of diabetic rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups i.e. non diabetic rats Group 1; diabetic rats as Group 2; diabetic rats + D. esculenta as Group 3; diabetic rats + E.rectale as Group 4 and diabetic rats + both E. rectale and D. esculenta as Group 5. Rats were made diabetic with induction of intraperitoneally injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. After four weeks of the interventions, the blood and skeletal muscles were taken. The Irs1 expression was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining, plasma glucose levels was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and insulin was analyzed using ELISA methods. All intervention groups reduced plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IRs (p<0.001) and increased Irs1 expression. The greatest reduction of plasma glucose levels and increase of Irs1 expression in the skeletal muscle were found in Group 4, however, the lowest of HOMA-IR was seen in Group 5. These results suggested that D.esculenta, E.rectale, and the combination reduced plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR by increasing Irs1 expression in skeletal muscle.

The effect of long-term high-fat diet in ovariectomized Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)study on lipid profile, endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) dan endhotelin-1 (ET-1) serum Tantri Analisawati Sudarsono; Denny Agustiningsih; S Sunarti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 51, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Accumulation of cholesterol in the blood will cause stiffness in arteries and trigger the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Estrogen has a role as an antioxidant that can prevent the low density lipoprotein(LDL) oxidation. In menopause with high-fat diet, the decrease of estrogen levels will trigger cholesterol accumulation in the blood lead to endothelial dysfunction mediated by endotelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the lipid profile, serum eNOS and ET-1levels on ovariectomized rat. It was experimental using 28 female Wistar rat divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was ovariectomized mice and given a standard diet (OVX-SD), Group 2 was ovariectomized mice and given a high-fat diet (OVX-HFD), Group 3 was not ovariectomized mice and given a standard diet(SHAM-SD) group, and Group 4 was not ovariectomized mice and given a high-fat diet (SHAM-HFD).Lipid profile of blood samples was measured pre- and post-treatment, whereas serum eNOS and ET-1 levels were measured post-treatment using ELISA method. No significantly difference of lipid profileon OVX-HFD group compared to that OVX-SD was observed. The serum eNOSlevel on OVX-HFD(702.11±68.73 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that OVX-SD (857.18±118.08 pg/mL) (p<0.05). However, there was no significantly different of serum ET-1 levelbetween OVX-HFD group (299.14±146.61 pg/mL) compared to that OVX-SD (194.25±102.96 pg/mL) (p>0.05). In conclusion, the serum eNOS levelon ovariectomized rat with long-term high-fat diet is lower than that on ovariectomized rat with standard diet.

Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide(NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan Betty Prastuti; Sunarti Sunarti
Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia Vol 8, No 3 (2012): Januari
Publisher : Minat S2 Gizi dan Kesehatan, Prodi S2 IKM, FK-KMK UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijcn.18207

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.Result: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 + 19,33 to 43,99 + 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 + 1,32 to 1,15 + 0,577 µM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151; r=0,405; R2=0,164).Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics.

ANTIHIPERGLIKEMI PATI GEMBILI (DIOSCOREA ESCULENTA) DAN EUBACTERIUM RECTALE PADA MODEL TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN DAN NIKOTINAMID Tri Setyawati; Neni Oktiyani; Rio Jati Kusuma; Tony Adi Setiawan; Sunarti Sunarti
Medika Tadulako: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Medika Tadulako: Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Latar belakang. Diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit degenaratif dengan prevalesi cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Diabetes tipe 2 memiliki prevalensi paling tinggi diantara jenis diabetes yang lain. Diabetes tipe 2 merupakan kondisi hiperglemia kronis yang umumnya disebabkan oleh resistensi insulin. Diet dengan resistant starch berpotensi untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin pada penderita diabetes melalui butirat yang dihasilkan pada saat fermentasi di usus besar. Salah satu bahan pangan yang berpotensi dalam penanganan diabetes adalah gembili (Dioscorea esculenta). Eubcaterium rectale (e. rectale) merupakan bakteri butirogenik yang dapat meningkatkan produk butirat di dalam kolon.Tujuan. Tujuan penellitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penurunan glukosa darah pada tikus Wistar yang diinduksi nikotinamide dan streptozotosin setelah pemberian diet gembili dan eubacterium rectale.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre dan posttest kontrol. Tikus jantan Wistar 3 bulan, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol sehat (K1), kelompok yang diinduksi Streptozotocin (STZ) dan nikotinamide(NA) tanpa terapi (K2), kelompok yang diinduksi STZ dan NA dengan pemberian e. ractale (K3), kelompok induksi ditambah pati gembili (K4), dan kelompok induksi dengan sinbio pati gembili dan e. rectale (K5). Dengan lama intervensi 4 minggu.Hasil. Terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah setelah intervensi 4 minggu yaitu antara kelompok K2 dan K3, K4 dan K5 dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,05.Kata kunci: diabetes tipe 2, Dioscorea esculenta, resistant starch, butirat, resistensi insulin, sensitivitas insulin.

Ketinggian lokasi dan residu pestisida pada tomat Gading Giovani Putri; Sunarti Sunarti; Suhartini Suhartini
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 32, No 5 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Altitude and pesticide residu in tomatoes: study in Batu and TulungagungPurposeThis research aimed to determine the correlation between altitude and chlorothalonil residue in tomato from Batu and Tulungagung.MethodsThis study used a cross sectional design, and was conducted in two places at different altitudes, Batu (>700 m asl) and Tulungagung (<500 m asl). Tomatoes that were ready to be harvested from field that used chlorothalonil were taken as samples. Independent variables were altitude, dosage and time of application, and also frequency of spraying. Dependent variable was chlorothalonil residue in tomato.ResultsChlorothalonil residue levels in all samples did not exceed MRL (5 mg/kg). The differences between chlorothalonil residue in high and lowlands were not significant (p=0.06). There were differences in dosage application in high and lowland (p=0.004). The result of simple linear regression tests on dosage application obtained p=0.002 which has effect on chlorothalonil residue. The result of simple linear regression test on frequency of spraying obtained p=0.08 which was no effect on chlorothalonil residue. The result of Kruskal Wallis tests on time of application obtained p=0.189 which has no effect on chlorothalonil residueConclusionsChlorothalonil residue on tomatoes from lowlands (Tulungagung) is two times higher than from highland (Batu), but the differences were not significant. There were no effect between dosage application on chlorothalonil residue in tomato.

The Effect of Synbiotic Shake on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Hyperglycemia Wistar Rats Lily Arsanti Lestari; Inas Nur Hafizhah; Happy Nurlita Octavinanda; Latifah Mahdiyati; Refdiana Dewi; Perdana Samekto Tyasnugroho Suyoto; Emy Huriyati; Sunarti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 8, No 3 (2020): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Institute for Halal Industry and System (IHIS) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.1098

Several studies found that the probiotic bacterias such as Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 could prevent glycemia and control the blood lipid profiles. Currently, a probiotic product such as yogurt is not preferable by some consumers since the taste is sour. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop milkshakes supplemented by probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 which are expected to be more acceptable and have a beneficial effect with the addition of prebiotics and soluble fiber glucomannan. This study aims to determine the effect of synbiotic shakes on fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemia Wistar rat models. The study design was a pre-posttest controlled group with 48 male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups, namely the healthy control group (I); hyperglycemia control group (II); group III that received metformin; group IV that received synbiotic shake with La5 + FOS; group V that received synbiotic shake La5 + inulin; group VI that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + FOS; group VII that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + inulin; and group VIII that received synbiotic shake La5 + Bb12 + FOS. The dose of the intervention was 3.6 ml/day with an intervention duration of 28 days. The results showed that the differences in blood glucose levels were not significant (p> 0.05) except for groups IV and VI that experienced a significant increase (p <0.05). The differences in lipid profiles showed insignificant changes in LDL levels except in groups IV and V, a significant increase in HDL levels (p <0.05) in group V and VI, and insignificant change in triglycerides except in group VI. It can be concluded that the administration of synbiotic shakes with a variety of prebiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 for 4 weeks were able to maintain fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemic rats.

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