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Competitiveness Model of Bioethanol Industry Isa, Muzakar; Kusmiati, Kusmiati
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 14, No 2 (2013): JEP Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Muhammdaiyah Surakarta

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Abstract

The need for energy is increasing every year. More than 80% of energy needs met by fossil fuels derived from petroleum and natural gas. To anticipate, the Government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 on the national energy. In this regulation, the government took steps to saving energy and looking for new sources of energy that are renewable and environmentally friendly. One is bioethanol. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of bioethanol industry in Bekonang Sukoharjo. This study used mixed methods, namely the incorporation of quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study. The measurement of competitiveness is using Porters Diamond Model. The results show the competitiveness of bioethanol industry is influenced by business strategy, potential buyers, working capital and innovation. Currently, bioethanol industry competitiveness is low.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA ASAM LEMAK DARI MIKROALGA Lyngbya sp. - (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND FATTY ACID COMPOUNDS IDENTIFICATION FROM MICROALGAE Lyngbya sp.) Agustini, Ni Wayan Sri; Kusmiati, Kusmiati; Handayani, D
Biopropal Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Pontianak

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Abstract

Fatty acid has biological activity to terminate or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Lyngbya sp. is one of microalgae that producing fatty acid. This study aims to obtain a compound with antibacterial activity from Lyngbya sp. The extraction method used specifically to isolate fatty acid with dichloromethane solvents. The A, B and C extracts were tested its antibacterial activity using diffusion method with paper disc. The C extract which most active was fractionated using SiO2 column chromatography, dichlromethane-ethyl acetate (1:1). The result then tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Fraction that had antibacterial activity with highest inhibition zone was identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The 16th fraction of the C extract had the highest antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 30.30 mm. The identification of 16th fraction showed it was phthalic acid (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phatalate 1.2 benzene dicarboxylic acid) with retention time 19.73 minutes which classified as fatty acid.Keywords: antibacterial, chromatography, fatty acid, Lyngbya sp.ABSTRAKAsam lemak memiliki aktivitas biologis untuk menghentikan atau menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Salah satu mikroalga penghasil asam lemak adalah Lyngbya sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk memperoleh senyawa kimia yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dari mikroalga Lyngbya sp. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan khusus untuk mengisolasi senyawa asam lemak dengan pelarut diklorometan. Ekstrak yang diperoleh adalah ekstrak A, B dan C, masing-masing ekstrak lalu diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan metode difusi menggunakan kertas cakram. Setelah diketahui ekstrak C merupakan ekstrak teraktif, selanjutnya ekstrak tersebut difraksinasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom SiO2, dengan pelarut diklorometana-etil asetat (1:1). Fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dan ditetapkan fraksi yang mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Fraksi yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dengan zona hambat tertinggi diidentifikasi dengan kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa. Fraksi 16 ekstrak C memberikan aktivitas antibakteri dengan zona hambat 30,30 mm. Identifikasi fraksi 16 dengan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa yangbersifat antibakteri adalah asam ftalat (bis(2 etil heksil) ftalat 1,2 benzena asam karboksilat) dengan waktu retensi 19,73 menit yang merupakan golongan asam lemak.Kata kunci: antibakteri, asam lemak, kromatografi, Lyngbya sp.
Competitiveness Model of Bioethanol Industry Isa, Muzakar; Kusmiati, Kusmiati
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 14, No 2 (2013): JEP Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Muhammdaiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v14i2.143

Abstract

The need for energy is increasing every year. More than 80% of energy needs met by fossil fuels derived from petroleum and natural gas. To anticipate, the Government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 on the national energy. In this regulation, the government took steps to saving energy and looking for new sources of energy that are renewable and environmentally friendly. One is bioethanol. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of bioethanol industry in Bekonang Sukoharjo. This study used mixed methods, namely the incorporation of quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study. The measurement of competitiveness is using Porters Diamond Model. The results show the competitiveness of bioethanol industry is influenced by business strategy, potential buyers, working capital and innovation. Currently, bioethanol industry competitiveness is low.
TINJAUAN PEMAHAMAN NILAI-NILAI SYARIAH BAGI KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA, Tbk. CABANG KENDARI Kusmiati, Kusmiati; Nandawijaksana, Dwi Angga
JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN

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Abstract

Abstract          This study aims to determine how the understanding of Islamic values to employees at PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. Kendari branch. Data collection techniques performed in this research is by using primary data by conducting interviews and filling the questionnaire (questionnaire) were distributed to a total of 12 questionnaires and using descriptive statistical analysis.           From the results of this study indicate that employees understanding of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. branch Kendari on Values Sharia based outlined in indicators Instrumental, Socio-Economic, Critical, Justice, All-Incluisive, Rational-Intuitive, Etichal, and Holistice Welfare which is illustrated by a pie chart that variable Humanist and emancipatory was very good, this is consistent with the average percentage of respondents by 83%, and 81 are at a scale of 81% - 100% with the criteria very well. While based on the Transcendental variables and Teleologikal is good, this is in accordance with the average percentage of 80% of respondents are at a scale of 61% - 80% with good criterion.Keywords: Quran, Islamic values, understanding.
Efek Sumber Karbon Berbeda terhadap Produksi â-Glukan oleh Saccharomyces Cerevisiae pada Fermentor Air Lift Kusmiati, Kusmiati; Thontowi, Ahmad; Nuswantara, Sukma
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol 13, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.458 KB) | DOI: 10.31258/jnat.13.2.138-145

Abstract

The need of â-glucan is increasing in food, medicine and cosmetic industry, because it becomes anticancer,antitumor and antiaging, increases immunosystem, and decreases cholesterol content in blood. The cell walls ofS. cerevisiae contain 80-90% polysaccharides that posses â-glucan. This research was aimed to obtain appropriatecarbon sources to increase the production of â-glucan. The carbon sources used were glucose, glucose commercial,sucrose and molases. The fermentation process was done by using air lift fermentor. The steps of fermentatonincluded regeneration of S. cerevisiae strain, preculture, fermentor preparation and running fermentor for 84hours. Sampling of S. cerevisiae culture was determined the cell growth by optical density (OD) usingspectrophotometer UV/VIS at ë 550 nm. The protein content was determined by Lowry method at ë 755 nm and thetotal glucose was measured by phenol sulphate method at ë 490 nm. The measurement result of cell growthshowed that the high intensity of S. cerevisiae in medium contain molases, but it did not show significant effectwhen compare to other carbon sources. The protein and carbohydrate contain in medium tended to decrease. Theresult of â-glucan on glucose, sucrose, glucose commercial and molases were 933,3, 1100, 1000, and966,7 mg/l. It can be concluded that sucrose and glucose commercial can replace the glucose to produce of â-glucan, because they are cheaper and easier to get. Beside that, molases can be used as an alternative carbonsource because it can produce of â-glucan as well as glucose.
KEMAMPUAN SENYAWA LUTEIN DARI DAUN BAYAM (AMARANTHUS SP) UNTUK MENETRALISIR OKSIDAN T-BHP DALAM SEL DARAH Kusmiati, Kusmiati
Prosiding Seminar Biologi Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Seminar Nasional IX Pendidikan Biologi
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Salah satu sumber senyawa lutein berasal dari sayuran hijau seperti bayam.  Kandungan lutein pada daun bayam dilaporkan sekitar  6,6 mg per 100 gram berat basah. Senyawa lutein merupakan pigmen yang tergolong xantofil bersifat larut dalam lemak. Fungsi utama lutein yaitu merupakan karotenoid yang bertanggung jawab untuk kesehatan makular retina mata.  Manfaat lainnya sebagai antioksidan, antikolesterol, antitumor dan anti penuaan dini.  Penelitian ini menguji potensi antioksidan lutein yang diekstraksi dari dua jenis daun bayam yaitu bayam hijau dan bayam merah untuk menetralisir kerja oksidan tert butil hidroksiperoksida (t-BHP) pada sel darah domba. Lutein diuji pada konsentrasi: 4, 6, 8 dan 10 mg/ml pada sel darah merah yang teroksidasi t-BHP 5mM. Perlakuan dibandingkan terhadap antioksidan Vitamin E 4mg/ml sebagai kontrol positif.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lutein dari bayam pada konsentrasi 6mg/ml dapat menurunkan kadar malondealdehid (MDA) paling tinggi sebesar 13,8 nmol/ml (bayam hijau) dan 13,44 nmol/ml (bayam merah). Aktifitas enzim superoksid dismutase (SOD) pada darah yang teroksidasi t-BHP mengalami peningkatan terbesar pada pemberian lutein bayam hijau konsentrasi 8mg/ml yaitu 1,7U/ml dan bayam merah 6mg/ml sebesar 1,74U/ml, sedangkan peningkatan aktifitas enzim katalase tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan konsentrasi lutein 10mg/ml sebesar 264,43U/ml (bayam hijau) dan 213,275U/ml (bayam merah).   Kata Kunci:  Lutein, daun Bayam, t-BHP,  MDA, SOD, katalase
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA LUTEIN DARI DUA JENIS BUNGA KENIKIR LOKAL Kusmiati, Kusmiati; Agustini, Ni Wayan Sri
Prosiding Seminar Biologi Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Seminar Nasional IX Pendidikan Biologi
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS

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Abstract

ABSTRAK   Senyawa lutein merupakan zat warna alam yang dikelompokkan sebagai karotenoid yang banyak ditemukan pada tanaman. Senyawa ini terkandung dalam bunga kenikir (Tagetes erecta L.), hasil ekstraksi bunga kenikir dapat memperoleh 700-900 gram pigmen per kg konsentrat yang mengandung 90-95% lutein dan 5-10% zeaxantin. Bunga kenikir sudah dikenal penduduk lokal sebagai tanaman obat yang berkhasiat terhadap berbagai penyakit. Warna bunganya bervariasi kuning, jingga, merah hati hingga hitam kecoklatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan karakter lutein dari dua jenis bunga kenikir berwarna kuning dan jingga. Serbuk bunga kenikir (T. erecta L.) kering dimaserasi dengan n-heksan, kemudian dilakukan digesti menggunakan isopropanol dan disaponifikasi dengan larutan NaOH 50%. Ekstrak lutein dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dan dilakukan Kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil isolasi senyawa dibandingkan terhadap lutein baku pembanding berdasarkan jarak bercak Rf. Senyawa diidentifikasi dengan spektrofotometri cahaya tampak, kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dan FTIR. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Rf  lutein dari bunga kenikir kuning dan jingga sama dengan Rf lutein baku pembanding yaitu 0,57 cm. Hasil KCKT menunjukkan bahwa lutein bunga kenikir kuning muncul pada waktu retensi 3,10 menit, bunga jingga 3,11 menit dan lutein baku pembanding 3,12 menit. Hasil karakterisasi gugus fungsi dengan spektrometer FTIR pada ekstrak lutein bunga kenikir kuning dan jingga terdapat gugus Alkenil, Alkil, Alkena Aromatik, dan hidroksil sesuai dengan lutein baku pembanding.   Kata kunci:  Lutein, Bunga kenikir (Tagetes erecta L.), spektrofotometer,KCKT, FTIR
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA AKTIF SECARA MASERASI DAN DIGESTI DALAM BERBAGAI PELARUT DARI MIKROALGA DUNALIELLA SALINA Agustini, Ni Wayan Sri; Kusmiati, Kusmiati
Prosiding Seminar Biologi Vol 9, No 1 (2012): Seminar Nasional IX Pendidikan Biologi
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS

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Abstract

ABSTRAK   Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri dan identifikasi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam mikroalga Dunaliella salina. Sebanyak 20 g biomasa kering Dunaliella salina masing-masing diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter, aseton, dan etanol dengan cara maserasi dan digesti. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan difusi cara cakram dengan bakteri uji  Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, sedangkan identifikasi senyawa aktif menggunakan KG-SM (Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometer Massa). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh  menunjukkan bahwa, semua ekstrak Dunaliella salina mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji dan zona terbesar ditunjukkan pada ekstrak  etanol, baik secara maserasi maupun digesti. Hasil identifikasi dengan KG-SM menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol adalah Asam Heksadekanoat, Asam. 9,12- oktadekadienoat, Asam. 9,12-metil ester oktadekadienoat, Neophytadiena, Phytol, dan Asam. 8,11-metil ester oktadekadieoat.   Kata Kunci: Dunaliella salina, maserasi, digesti, antibakteri, identifikasi
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Sarang Semut (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) dengan Metode ABTS dan Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif MenggunakanLC-MS Amir, Mellova; Ullu, Asabella; Kusmiati, Kusmiati
Archives Pharmacia Vol 2, No 1 (2020): ARCHIVES PHARMACIA
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Esa Unggul

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Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) mengandung flavonoid dan tanin yang merupakan senyawa antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antioksidan senyawa ekstrak etanol 96%, etil asetat dan n-heksana, serta identifikasi senyawa aktif tanaman sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) yang berasal dari kabupaten Fakfak, Papua Barat. Tanaman sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, etil asetat dan n-heksana. Hasil ekstrak kemudian diuji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode ABTS (2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzoathiazoline-6-sulfonat acid)) menggunakan spektrometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 336 nm denganpembanding vitamin C. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh IC50 untuk etanol 96%, etil asetat, n-heksana dan vitamin C berturut-turut sebesar 28,5863 μg/ml; 99,8980 μg/ml; 117,2372 μg/ml; dan 7,411 μg/ml. Berdasarkan hasil IC50, ekstrak etanol 96% tanaman sarang semut menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat. Ekstrak etanol 96% dianalisis dengan LC-MS untuk mengetahui senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hasil analisis LC-MS pada ekstrak etanol 96% tanaman sarang semut diperoleh 7 senyawa. Kata kunci: ABTS, antioksidan, LC-MS, tanaman sarang semut(Hydnophytumformicarum Jack) ABSTRACTSarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) contain antioxidant compound i.e. flavonoid and tannin. Test research have been caried out the antioxidant activity of ethanol 95%, ethyl acetate and n-hexane and identification of active compounds of sarang semut plant extract. The sarang semut plant was collected from Fakfak, West Papua. Sample was macerated by solvent ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate and n-hexane separately. Antioxidant activity of sarang semut plant extract was determined by ABTS method using UV-Vis spectrometer at wavelength of 336 nm, the ascorbic acid was used as standard of activity antioxidant. Antioxidant activity obtained by IC50 for ethanol 95%, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and vitamin C were 28.5863 μg/ml; 99.8980 μg/ml; 117,2372 μg/ml; and 7.411 μg/ml. Based on the results of IC50, ethanol 96% showed a very strong antioxidant activity. Ethanol 96% analyzed by LC-MS to determine the compound contained in it. The results of LC-MS analysis on ethanol 96% obtained 7 compounds. Keywords: ABTS, antioxidant, LC-MS, sarang semut(Hydnophytum formicarumJack)
PRODUKSI BETA-1,3 GLUKAN DARI Agrobacterium DAN AKTIVITAS PENYEMBUHAN LUKA TERBUKA PADA TIKUS PUTIH Kusmiati, Kusmiati; Rachmawati, Fitria; Siregar, Syafrida; Nuswantara, Sukma; Malik, Amarila
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 10, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Production of beta-1,3 glucan from Agrobacterium and its wound healing activity on white rat. The objective of this study was to determine the activity of beta-1,3 glucan product extracted from local Agrobacterium sp Bro 1.2.1, both wild-type and mutant-type, on opened-wound healing process. Beta-1,3 glucan product was extracted by precipitation, and the purification was carried out by column chromatography as KCl gradient fractions. In this study, white Sprague Dawley rats were employed, and have been treated for opened-wound condition. Seven groups were performed in this experiment, i.e. the negative control, the positive control employing povidone iodine, the two groups of two commercial beta-1,3 glucan with 0,02 mg/4 cm2 each, and the last three groups of beta-1,3 glucan as the test group with 0,02 mg/4 cm2, 0,10 mg/4 cm2 and 0,50 mg/4 cm2, respectively. The result showed significant differences of wound-healing activity performing statistical analysis of the least significance between the negative control, the positive control, as well as the highest dose of the test group of beta-1,3 glucan, at the dose of 0,5 mg/4 cm2 (p<0.05).
Co-Authors Ahmad Thontowi Amarila Malik D Handayani, D Fitria Rachmawati, Fitria Mellova Amir Muhamad, Salmah Muzakar Isa Nandawijaksana, Dwi Angga Ni Wayan Sri Agustini Sukma Nuswantara Swasono R. Tamat Syafrida Siregar, Syafrida Ullu, Asabella