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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS) Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Biotropika Research Journal of Life Science Natural B Berkala Penelitian Hayati
Retno Mastuti
Department Of Biology, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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PENGARUH ELISITOR KITOSAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN WITHANOLID TUNAS IN VITRO AKSESI TANAMAN Physalis angulata DARI PULAU MADURA Retno Mastuti; Jati Batoro; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol 14 No 1 (2021): Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jtoi.v14i1.4301

Abstract

ABSTRACT Chitosan is often applied to in vitro culture systems to induce the biosynthesis of a plant's secondary metabolites. The accumulation and profile of secondary metabolites of the same plant species growing in different environments can vary. This study aims to identify and measure withanolide compounds of in vitro shoots of Physalis angulata accessions. Samples obtained from three regions in Madura Island, namely Sampang (A1), Sumenep (A2 and A4), and Pamekasan (A5). Withanolide compounds of in vitro shoots derived from different types of explants after treated with chitosan were also identified and measured. In vitro nodal and apical shoot explants were used for shoot induction on MS medium + BAP 2 mg/L + 0.05 mg/L IAA. In vitro shoots were elicited for six weeks in the shoot induction medium supplemented with 125 mg/L chitosan. Subsequently, in vitro culture of shoots regenerated from explants of nodal (B) and apical shoots (C) without (B1) and with (B2 and C) elicitation of chitosan were extracted and analyzed by HPLC to detect and measure the withanolide compounds. In vitro shoot extracts from all regions contained 38 types of withanolide compounds. The level of the withanolide compound in each region was different. Chitosan increased withanolide levels in vitro shoots regenerated from nodal explant A1, A2, and A4. The withanolide level in vitro shoot regenerated from apical shoot explants A1 and A4 were higher than that in A2 and A5. These results indicated that the in vitro shoots of P. angulata plant accession in Sampang, Sumenep, and Pamekasan had different levels of withanolide. Chitosan was able to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in vitro shoots of P. angulata. The types of explants showed different responses in the synthesis and accumulation of withanolide. This study showed that in vitro systems can be used to produce P. angulata plants and increase the level of withanolides compounds. These results indicated that the use of the in vitro system was able to supply P. angulata and withanolide production to support the supply of traditional medicine raw material. Keywords: accession, chitosan, elicitor, Physalis, withanolides ABSTRAK Elisitor kitosan sering digunakan pada tanaman untuk menginduksi biosintesis senyawa metabolit sekunder secara in vitro. Akumulasi dan profil senyawa metabolit sekunder spesies tanaman sama yang tumbuh di lingkungan berbeda dapat bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur senyawa withanolid pada tunas in vitro aksesi Physalis angulata yang diperoleh dari tiga wilayah di Pulau Madura, yaitu Sampang (A1), Sumenep (A2 dan A4) dan Pamekasan (A5). Senyawa withanolid pada tunas in vitro yang berasal dari jenis eksplan yang berbeda setelah dielisitasi dengan kitosan juga diidentifikasi dan diukur. Eksplan nodus dan tunas apikal in vitro digunakan untuk induksi tunas pada medium MS + BAP 2 mg/L + IAA 0,05 mg/L. Tunas in vitro dielisitasi selama enam minggu di medium induksi tunas yang ditambah dengan kitosan 125 mg/L. Selanjutnya kultur tunas in vitro hasil regenerasi eksplan nodus (B) dan tunas apikal (C) tanpa (B1) dan dengan (B2 dan C) elisitasi kitosan diekstrak dan dianalisis dengan HPLC untuk mendeteksi dan mengukur senyawa withanolidnya. Ekstrak tunas in vitro dari semua wilayah mengandung 38 jenis senyawa withanolid. Jenis withanolid yang sama menunjukkan kadar yang berbeda di setiap wilayah. Kitosan meningkatkan rata-rata kadar withanolid tunas in vitro hasil regenerasi eksplan nodus dari wilayah A1, A2 dan A4. Tunas in vitro hasil regenerasi eksplan tunas apikal setelah elisitasi menunjukkan kadar withanolid lebih tinggi pada aksesi A1 dan A4, tetapi lebih rendah pada aksesi A2 dan A5. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tunas in vitro setiap aksesi dari setiap wilayah di Pulau Madura memiliki kadar withanolid yang berbeda. Elisitor kitosan mampu meningkatkan akumulasi senyawa withanolid pada tunas in vitro P. angulata. Jenis eksplan memberikan respons berbeda pada sintesis dan akumulasi withanolid. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sistem in vitro berpeluang untuk penyediaan bahan tanam P. angulata maupun produksi withanolid dalam rangka mendukung penyediaan bahan baku jamu. Kata kunci: aksesi, elisitor, kitosan, Physalis, withanolid
Kultur Kalus Tanaman Obat Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan) Retno Mastuti; Wahyu Widoretno; Nunung Harijati
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2020.008.01.05

Abstract

Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) merupakan anggota famili Solanaceae yang telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman obat. Penyediaan tanaman obat yang umumnya tumbuh liar dan belum banyak dibudidayakan ini telah diupayakan melalui propagasi tanaman secara in vitro. Kultur kalus banyak dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai alternatif sumber metabolit sekunder termasuk yang berkhasit obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimasi inisiasi dan pemeliharaan kultur kalus P. angulata menggunakan eksplan kotiledon dan hipokotil kecambah in vitro. Kalus diinduksi pada medium MS ditambah Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) BAP 0,5 dan 2 mg/l yang masing-masing dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 1, 2, dan 4 mg/l dan IAA 0,05 , 0,5 dan 1,0 mg/l. Secara umum kedua eksplan kotiledon maupun hipokotil menunjukkan respon proliferasi yang baik terhadap kombinasi ZPT yang diujikan. Jenis eksplan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kemampuan pembentukan kalus pada semua (100%) bagian jaringan eksplan dan berat basah (BB) kalus primer maupun sekunder. Berat basah kalus primer maupun sekunder lebih dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi ZPT. Subkultur kalus primer pada medium pemeliharaan dengan kombinasi BAP (0,5 dan 1 mg/l) + IAA / 2,4-D 0,2 mg/l tidak hanya menghasilkan kalus sekunder tetapi juga menghasilkan tunas dan akar. Kombinasi BAP 2 mg/l + 2,4-D (1, 2 dan 4 mg/l) dapat mempertahankan pertumbuhan kalus sekunder tanpa mengalami organogenesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur kalus dapat dihasilkan secara optimal baik dengan eksplan hipokotil maupun kotiledon in vitro pada medium induksi dan pemeliharaan yang sama yaitu MS + BAP 2 mg/l + 2,4-D (1, 2 dan 4 mg/l).
Pengaruh Waktu Panen Terhadap Kandungan Glukomannan Pada Umbi Porang (amorphophallus muelleri blume) Periode Tumbuh Ketiga Nurul Chairiyah; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (657.039 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2014.001.01.6

Abstract

Waktu panen diduga berpengaruh terhadap kandungan glukomannan pada umbi porang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu panen terhadap dinamika kandungan glukomannan pada umbi porang. Glukomannan diekstraksi dari umbi porang yang diperoleh pada saat dua minggu sebelum tanaman rebah, pada saat tanaman rebah dan dua minggu setelah tanaman rebah. Glukomannan diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi yang telah dimodifikasi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan glukomannan dan berat kering umbi. Data kandungan glukomannan pada umbi dianalisis dengan One way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Tukey α 0,05. Sedangkan hubungan antara kandungan glukomannan terhadap berat umbi dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji Korelasi Bivariate. Dari hasil analisis, Kadar glukomannan cenderung lebih tinggi pada umbi porang yang dipanen saat tanaman rebah dibandingkan dengan glukomannan pada umbi yang diperoleh ketika sebelum dan setelah tanaman rebah yaitu sebesar 29,10 ± 4,57 g/100 g. Peningkatan kandungan glukomannan dapat meningkatkan berat umbi porang.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Calcium Oxalate Calibration Density of Porang Bulb (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Bina Rizki Amalia; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (703.97 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2014.002.03.11

Abstract

The aim of this research was to know the effects of nitrogen fertilizer to the shape and density of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in porang tuber. Bulbil derived from porang plant in the first growth period seeded until the leaves fully open. Seedlings were transferred to a polybag after most of them has height 50 cm. After adapting for three weeks, the plants were treated with nitrogen fertilizer (urea) with a dose 0, 1, and 5 g/polybag. The plants were grown until the end of the growing period. The slides were prepared by slicing tuber as thin as possible using a sliding microtome. Sliced tuber of porang were cleared by using the modified clearing method. The slides were observed using light microscope to calculate the density of CaOx crystals. The densities of calcium oxalate crystals were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0,05). The results showed that porang tuber has four kind of crystals i.e. raphide, druse, stiloid, and prism. Nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on the densities of calcium oxalate crystals.
ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF Celosia cristata L. CELL SUSPENSION PROTOPLASTS Retno Mastuti; Hiroshi Miyake; Takeshi Taniguchi; Yoji Takeoka
JURNAL PENELITIAN BIOLOGI BERKALA PENELITIAN HAYATI Vol 9 No 1 (2003): December 2003
Publisher : The East Java Biological Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23869/405

Abstract

Developmental competence of Celosia cristata L. cell suspension-derived protoplasts was investigated. The protoplasts were isolated from 3- to 9-d old cultures in enzyme solution containing 2% (w/v) Cellulase YC and 0.5% (w/v) Macerozyme R-10 which was dissolved in washing solution (0.4 M mannitol and 10 mM CaCl2) at pH 5.6 for 3 hours. The highest number of viable protoplasts was released from 5-d old culture of a homogenous cell suspension. Subsequently, three kinds of protoplast culture media were simultaneously examined with four kinds of concentration of gelling agent. Culturing the protoplasts on KM8p medium solidified with 1.2% agarose significantly enhanced plating efficiency as well as microcolony formation. Afterwards, the microcalli actively proliferated into friable watery callus when they were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l kinetin. Although the plant regeneration from the protoplasts-derived calli has not yet been obtained, the reproducible developmental step from protoplasts to callus in this study may facilitate the establishment of somatic hybridization using C. cristata as one parent.
Growth Response of Purple Corn (Zea mays var. Ceratina kulesh) to Endophytic Bacterial Biofertilizer Treatment Kiki Riska Novelia; Retno Mastuti; Saptini Mukti Rahajeng
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.02

Abstract

Jagung ungu merupakan salah satu komoditas jagung di Indonesia dengan kandungan antosianin yang tinggi sehingga baik bagi kesehatan. Upaya peningkatan hasil komoditas ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pupuk hayati bakteri endofit yang banyak berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan serta kandungan metabolit sekunder pada tanaman. Penggunaan pupuk endofit terbukti mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil panen jagung kuning. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan tanaman jagung ungu terhadap pupuk hayati bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu pupuk hayati bakteri endofit dengan dosis 0 ml/l (kontrol, P0), 80 ml/l (P1), dan 90 ml/l (P2) dan umur tanaman yaitu 21, 35, 49, dan 63 HST. Pengaruh kedua faktor diamati pada pertumbuhan vegetatif sedangkan pada pertumbuhan generatif dan pasca panenhanya diamati pengaruh dosis pupuk. Parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun. Parameter pertumbuhan generatif dan pasca panen yang diamati adalah umur berbunga, jumlah tongkol per tanaman, pajang tongkol, bobot basah dan kering tongkol serta bobot 100 biji jagung ungu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis pemupukan dan umur tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah, panjang dan lebar daun. Dosis pemupukan berpengaruh yang nyata terhadap waktu berbunga, panjang tongkol, bobot basah dan bobot kering tongkol jagung ungu, namun belum memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap bobot 100 biji jagung.
Genetic Variation Analysis of EMS-Induced Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Mutants Using SSR Markers Edia Fitri Dwinianti; Retno Mastuti; Estri Laras Arumingtyas
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 3 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Mutation induction with chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) capable of producing genetic variation in plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate genetic variation of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants using SSR molecular marker. Various concentration of EMS (0.01%; 0.02%; 0.04%) were applied to chili pepper seeds of Genotypes 2, 7, and 11. The genomic DNA was isolated from mutants and control plants then used for PCR analysis using three SSR primers namely CA26, CA52 and CA96. The three SSR primers were able to detect genetic variation in the three genotypes of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants and control plants. A total of 18 alleles have been identified in all three SSR loci with PIC values ranging from 0.792 to 0.893. The three genotypes of chili pepper plants had different sensitivity to EMS mutation induction. Genotype 11 plants showed higher sensitivity to EMS treatment than genotypes 2 and 7 based on the amount of genomic changes. Dendrogram constructed based on genetic similarity values distributed the mutants and control plants into three main groups with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.34 to 0.90. Similar genotype either control plant or mutants, especially Genotypes 2 and 7 were group into similar group. However, for the Genotype 11 plants, large genome changes cause mutant plants G11K1, G11K2, G11K3 had a low genetic similarity to their control plants, so the mutants were separated in a different group from the control plant. Those indicate that EMS mutation induction capable of increasing genetic variation in chili pepper plants based on SSR molecular marker.
The Dynamic of Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) in Porang Corms (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) at Different Harvest Time Nurul Chairiyah; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.05

Abstract

The research aims to observe the influence of harvesting time on the change of calcium oxalate (CaOx) content and crystal density in Porang corms. The corms were harvested at different times, i.e., (1) two weeks before the plants shed (R0-1), (2) when the plants shed (R0), and (3) two weeks after the plants shed (R0+1). CaOx was obtained using the modified extracting method. Microscopic observations were obtained from the slices of the edge and center part of porang corms. Parameter observed including CaOx content, corm weight, shape, and density of CaOx crystal. CaOx content and crystal density in corms were analyzed using One way ANOVA. If the results are significant, it will be followed by Tukey Test α 0.05. In the meantime, the relation between CaOx content and corm weight was analyzed using Correlation Test Bivariate. The results showed that CaOx content was relatively higher in porang corms, i.e., 15.98 ± 0.60g/100g. On the other hand, the increasing of CaOx content might improve corm weight. The total density of druse, styloid, and prism crystal was pretty high in corms obtained when the plants shed compared to another harvest time, i.e., 1,494 ± 286; 31,280 ± 17,406 and 6,256 ± 1,533 crystals/cm2 . Raphide crystal density, by contrast, increased in corms obtained after the plants shed, i.e.,1,656 ± 368 crystals/cm2 . Total CaOx crystal density in the edge parts of corms harvested when the plants shed was proportionately higher than in the other harvest times, i.e., 12,292 ± 4,687.89 crystals/cm2 . In contrast, CaOx crystal densities in the center parts of corms were not much different at three harvesting times. The density of druse and prism crystals was somewhat higher in the center part of corms than in the edge parts. In opposition to, the density of raphide and styloid crystals was fairly higher in the edge part of corms than it was in the center parts. However, only raphide crystal density found in the edge and center part of corms was significantly affected by harvest time from all these results.
The Relationship of Chemical Compounds and Crystal Development in Porang Tuber (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Nurul Chairiyah; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.01.01

Abstract

Chemical compounds are presumed to interact with each other and potentially affect the crystal development of porang tubers. This study focused on glucomannan and calcium oxalate (CaOx) as chemical compounds found in porang. Crystal development was analyzed by microscopic observation. The tuber tissue was used for microscopic slides and was harvested two weeks before the plants lost their leaves, when the plants lost their leaves, and two weeks after the plants lost their leaves. The CaOx and glucomannan content was measured using a modified extraction method. The increasing of CaOx content tends to increase the number of CaOx crystals. The analysis showed that the crystal density could affect the increasing of tuber weight possibility. There was a development process in raphide crystals that showed by different sizes at three harvest times, which the others were not. The results also indicated that glucomannan might influence the crystal density and the CaOx content. It can be concluded that glucomannan can potentially induce CaOx synthesis and crystal count increase. Keywords: Caox, Crystal, Development, Glucomannan, Interact, Porang.
The Study of Growth and Its Polyembryonic Properties of Porang Seeds (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) from Various Fruit Colors in Different Planting Media Imaniah Bazlina Wardani; Nunung Harijati; Retno Mastuti
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1199.582 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2019.009.02.10

Abstract

The ripening of Porang compound fruit (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) in one cob does not occur simultaneously but moves forward from the distal region to proximal. The ripe fruit is red, almost ripe is yellow and unripe is green. The study aimed to examine the growth potential and polyembryonic properties of Porang seeds derived from red, yellow and green fruits. These seeds were grown in different media with the expectation the best plant growth can be obtained. This research was a factorial experiment which was arranged in a completely random design and each unit observation has three replication. The factor I was the source of seeds. Seeds came from various fruit colors. Each of them is red (R), yellow (Y) and green (G). Factor II is a planting medium which had 4 types, M1, M2, M3, and M4.  M1 is combination of soil and husk charcoal (70%: 30%), M2 = soil: cocopeat (70%: 30%), M3 = soil: husk charcoal: cocopeat (70%: 15%: 15%) and M4 = just soil (100%). The results showed that the seeds derived from red fruit and planted on medium 2 (soil: cocopeat = 70%: 25%) potentially producing the best plant. The seeds also showed 100% polyembryony at 182 days after planting. In addition, the first, second and third shoots (originating from one seed) have different in height, canopy diameters, and petiole diameter. Keywords: Fruitcolors, planting media, polyembriony, Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume).
Co-Authors Aminatun Munawarti Bina Rizki Amalia Budi Waluyo Edia Fitri Dwinianti Estri Laras Arumingtyas Estri Laras Arumingtyas Hiroshi Miyake Imaniah Bazlina Wardani Jati Batoro Kiki Riska Novelia Muhammad Naufal Afifi Nunung Harijati Nunung Harijati Nunung Harijati Nunung Harijati Nunung Harijati Nunung Harijati Nurul Chairiyah Nurul Chairiyah Putri Rabiah Al Adawiah Rodiyati Azrianingsih Saptini Mukti Rahajeng Takeshi Taniguchi Varni Apensa Wahyu Widoretno Wahyu Widoretno Yoji Takeoka