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Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Standard in Jambi City's Pharmacies Mulyagustina Mulyagustina; Chairun Wiedyaningsih; Susi Ari Kristina
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 7, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.30284

In the last five years, the pressure to implement pharmaceutical care focuses on the patient getting stronger. The current standard of pharmacy care at a pharmacy established by regulation of health minister number 73/2016, as a guideline for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in organizing pharmaceutical care. This research was conducted in the city of Jambi in order to determine implementation of pharmaceutical care standard at pharmacy, to identify the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in implementing pharmaceutical care in the Jambi city’s pharmacy. This study is an observational descriptive study, conducted with a survey phase, followed by a phase of observation and in-depth interviews phase. Total respondents who conducted a survey of 105 pharmacist from 143 pharmacies. Then performed an observation using a checklist sheet at 20 pharmacies and in-depth interviews on 17 pharmacists. The questionnaire survey used convenience sampling technique and sampling techniques for observation and in-depth interviews with maximum variation sampling. Methods of data analysis was done descriptively to see the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard. Qualitative data were presented descriptively to identify supporting and barriers factors. Results of the research are based on a survey, in managing the pharmaceutical, medical supplies and consumable medical materials carried out by pharmacist assisted pharmacy technicians, but its implementation in the field is mostly done by the pharmacy technicians under the responsibility of the pharmacist. Clinical pharmacy services running on prescription services, drug information services and partly on the counseling. Home pharmacy care, monitoring drug therapy and monitoring of drug side effects and clinical documentation has not been done. Based on interviews unknown, factors supporting the implementation of the standard is support pharmacy technicians personnel, support of owner pharmacy, the presence of a pharmacist with a regular schedule of practices, the use of information systems technology and motivation of pharmacist. Whereas the barriers factor are factors in patients where there is doubt the patient to the pharmacist and staff, the limited presence of the pharmacist, the shortage of skills,and there is no space of counseling services and the limited number of pharmaceutical human resources.

Penilaian Properti Psikometrik Instrumen Kualitas Hidup (HRQol) pada Populasi Umum: Tinjauan Sistematik Restu Nur Hasanah Haris; Rahmat Makmur; Tri Murti Andayani; Susi Ari Kristina
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quality of life (HRQoL) is a measure of a person's health in physical, spiritual, and emotional, and role functions in the society. Measurement of quality of life (HRQoL) is an important thing to understand and evaluate. Measurements are carried out not only on patients but also on the general population with the use of specific or generic instruments. The instrument used requires a psychometric properties test to ensure its validity and reliability. This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the psychometric properties of quality of life (HRQoL) instruments in the general population. Articles were collected in December 1st to 5th, 2018, from Pubmed and Google Scholar. The assessment was carried out using the checklist properties according to the cohen criteria and included the content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, test-retest, ceiling effect and the level of credibility of the instruments. Among 80 articles obtained there were 24 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Short Form-36 (SF-36) instrument is the most widely used instrument in measuring the quality of life in the general population (26.6%). Some instruments have not been tested according to the criteria, while almost all instruments show a good level of validation of construct validity using convergent and discriminat validity with cronbach alpha values > 0.7. Test-retest reliability provides a good correlation. Some instruments show a ceiling effect. According to the assessment, the SF-36, SF-6D, EQ-5D, SF-12 and PedsQoL instruments are considered as established instruments. Further validation testing is needed to provide and support the measurement of subsequent quality of life (HRQoL) instruments.

Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Obat Tidak Digunakan pada Kalangan Rumah Tangga Kota Yogyakarta Bai Athur Ridwan; Susi Ari Kristina; Chairun Wiedyaningsih
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pengeluaran untuk obat-obat yang diresepkan dan obat yang dijual bebas merupakan persentase besar dari total biaya perawatan kesehatan. Pasien mungkin tidak dapat menggunakan semua obat yang diperoleh dari pengobatan karena perubahan dosis atau obat-obat yang telah kedaluwarsa. Hal ini diperkirakan memiliki konsekuensi terhadap finansial. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga Kota Yogyakarta.Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu observatif dengan rancangan studi cross sectional. Responden dipilih secara convenience sampling dan diwawancara langsung dan mendata obat-obat yang disimpan di rumah. Data dianalisis dan dipersentasikan secara deskriptif.Dari 400 responden, hanya 261 (65,2%) yang menyimpan obat terdiri dari obat sedang digunakan dan persediaan, obat tidak digunakan dan obat kedaluwarsa dengan total harga sebesar Rp7.082.556. Total harga obat tidak digunakan sebesar Rp1.273.921 (18%) dengan rata-rata Rp13.698 per orang sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa hanya berharga Rp140.065 (2%) dengan rata-rata Rp12.733. Berdasarkan kelas terapi, jumlah obat tidak digunakan paling banyak adalah analgesik (28,6%), sistem respirasi (13,7%), dan antimikroba (11,9%), sedangkan obat kedaluwarsa utamanya analgesik, saluran cerna dan antiseptik masing-masing (18,8%). Nilai ekonomi obat tidak digunakan dan kedaluwarsa pada kalangan rumah tangga dari penelitian ini relatif kecil. Penelitian ini dapat berfungsi dalam program edukasi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan penggunaan obat secara tepat dan efisien agar dapat dilakukan penghematan biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan.Kata Kunci: Obat tidak digunakan, obat kedaluwarsa, biaya

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Outcome Klinik Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Laksmy Anggun Larasati; Tri Murti Andayani; Susi Ari Kristina
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires good therapeutic management and self care to achieve optimal glycemic target. The important barrier to achieve good glycemic control is a lack of knowledge about optimal glycemic targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the level of knowledge to clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta and Bantul primary health care. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique was done by accidental sampling for patients visiting the primary health care from October to December 2018 that involved 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were included in the inclusion criteria. The level of knowledge was measured by the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)-24 which had 24 questions and the clinical outcome was obtained from laboratory measurement data as well as from medical record data when the patient was in routine control. Sociodemographic data were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between the level of knowledge and clinical outcomes was analyzed using chi square. The results showed that the knowledge level score had an average value of 12. The most incorrect answer was in etiology and diabetes self care, which is eating too much sugar and sweet foods is the cause of diabetes (97%), exercise regularly increasing the need of hormone insulin or diabetes medication (82%), the insulin reaction is caused by too much food (84%) and diabetics should clean the wound with betadine and alcohol (88%). There were 106 (53%) patients who achieved good glycemic control. Chi square test showed no relationship between the level of knowledge of clinical outcomes (p = 0.328). The result of this study may become a material and education content evaluation in diabetic patients.

Gambaran Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Diabetik Retinopati Berdasarkan Tingkat Keparahan Visus Novita Dhewi Ikakusumawati; Dewi Magistasari; Novena Adi Yuhara; Tri Murti Andayani; Supanji Supanji; Susi Ari Kristina
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 10, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) which incidence increases with the high prevalence of DM. The presence of these complications will affect quality of life, especially vision-related. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life in RD patients assessed using the VFQ-25 and EQ-5D questionnaires, and to determine the of quality of life based on the visual acuity (VA) severity. This study was an observational study in outpatient with diabetic retinopathy during October 2018 – Januari 2019 period, in RSUP dr. Sardjito and RS Mata Dr. YAP, Yogyakarta. The design of this study was cross sectional which observed quality of life and vision. Quality of life was measured by specific for vision instrument (NEI-VFQ-25) and generic instrument (EQ-5D-5L). The number of patients in this study were 100 patients with an average age of 55 years, the most frequent type of RD was 84% proliferative RD. The average quality of life scores in RD patients measured using the VFQ-25 and EQ-5D utility questionnaires were 64.1 ± 16.2 and 0.61 ± 0.24, respectively. Based on VFQ-25, the most affected subscales were driving, dependence, and role difficulties subscale. Meanwhile, domains that have the most problems with the EQ-5D were pain / discomfort and anxiety / depression (78%). The total VFQ-25 score decreased with increasing visual severity, i.e. normal / mild (n = 19) 73.50 ± 15.08; moderate (n = 15) 68.14 ± 15.33; and severe (n = 66) 60.48 ± 15.64. The EQ-5D utility score showed a similar pattern, with scores of 0.66 ± 0.27 (normal / mild); 0.65 ± 0.22 (medium); and 0.59 ± 0.24 (severe); respectively. The higher severity of visual acuity so the quality of life become lower.

Pengaruh Medication Therapy Management (MTM) terhadap Outcome Klinik dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta Tiara Dewi Salindri Pratama; Nanang Munif Yasin; Susi Ari Kristina
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 10, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.58113

Medication therapy management (MTM), is a service model aimed at helping general health problems by preventing morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease which is a serious health problem which requires long-term therapy. This study aims to see the effect of MTM on clinical Outcomes and quality of life of patients in hypertensive patients. This type of research is a quasi experimental one group with a pretest-posttest design. Analysis using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test with a significance used P <0,05. Respondents were 70 people, 67,1% were women. The characteristics of the majority age are 55-64 years with a percentage of 51,4%, the majority of education level is high school with 42,8%, non-civil servant jobs with a percentage of 45,7%, the length of diagnosis is dominated by 1-10 years (77,1%) and comorbidities diabetes mellitus occurred the most (10,0%). The results showed that the quality of life increased from before getting MTM 54,4 ± 8,9 and after MTM intervention 60,4 ± 6,6 (P value <0,001). Clinical outcome from systolic 159,2 ± 8,9 mmHg and diastolic 103,8 ± 8,0 mmHg before MTM to 144,1 ± 14,4 mmHg for systolic and 89,7 ± 8,8 mmHg for diastolic with p value <0,001 (p <0,05) for systolic blood pressure and p value: 0,016 (p <0,05) after receiving MTM intervention. Medication Therapy Management (MTM) has a significant influence on improving the quality of life and clinical Outcomes of hypertensive patients. The higher the quality of life of patients, blood pressure becomes more controlled.

Survei Kesediaan Menggunakan Telemedicine Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Autsan Dwi Banowati; Susi Ari Kristina; Dyah Ayu Puspandari
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 13, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.81654

Telemedicine merupakan bagian dari telehealth yang mengacu semata-mata pada penyediaan layanan perawatan kesehatan dan pendidikan jarak jauh, dengan menggunakan teknologi telekomunikasi. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi dan kesediaan menggunakan telemedicine adalah usia, tahun ajaran dan pendidikan orang tua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi dan kesediaan mahasiswa Farmasi dalam menggunakan telemedicine, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi dan kesediaan menggunakan telemedicine. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah survey prospective cross-sectional study. Pengambilan data dengan teknik probability sampling. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah proportionate stratisfied random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuesioner, dengan cara dilakukan secara daring menggunakan google form. Minimal jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 422 mahasiswa Farmasi untuk memperoleh 95% Confidence Interval (CI) dan margin error 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan 441 mahasiswa yang bersedia mengisi kuesioner. Variabel yang paling memengaruhi faktor tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi yaitu variabel tingkat tahun ajaran mahasiswa yaitu P-value 0,012 dan 0,000 (<0,05), tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi saling berhubungan dengan kesediaan menggunakan telemedicine P-value 0,000 (<0,05). Kesimpulan yang didapat mayoritas responden memiliki persepsi positif tentang telemedicine. Responden yang belum pernah menggunakan telemedicine memiliki ketertarikan untuk menggunakannya dimasa depan.

Factor Affecting Job Satisfaction In Community Pharmacists: A Review Sintaresmi Kusumah Wardani; Susi Ari Kristina; Nanang Munif Yasin
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 13, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.81669

Job satisfaction is an employee's emotional reaction to responsibilities at work. it is necessary to pay attention to pharmacists' job satisfaction, because their work is related to patient safety. The aim of this review is to find out what factors influence the job satisfaction of community pharmacists. The review was conducted in December 2022 by searching articles on three search engines namely PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar by taking articles published between 2012 and 2022. The keywords "Job Satisfaction" and "Community Pharmacist" were used to search for articles and 360 articles were obtained. In this review, only 8 articles met all the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included cross-sectional studies, publication in English, published between 2012 and 2022, and research topics on job satisfaction of community pharmacists. The findings showed that there are many factors that can affecting job satisfaction, namely demoghraphy, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors. Of these three factors, there are four most commonly encountered facets that influence community pharmacists' job satisfaction, namely work environment, salary, knowledge and years in practice. The level of overall job satisfaction for community pharmacists is different in each country depending on the regulations. Because job satisfaction is something that can change over time, future research should include other factors that can affect job satisfaction.

Analisis Medication Error di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta Pusat Ayyoehan Tiara Annisa; Susi Ari Kristina; Nanang Munif Yasin
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 13, No 3 (2023): IN PRESS
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.82186

Medication error (MEs) berdampak pada ketidaktepatan pelayanan obat dan membahayakan pasien dengan jumlah insiden yang bervariasi, sehingga perlu dilakukan studi dengan menggunakan metode dan definisi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis MEs beserta faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian mixed method antara penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menganalisis resep rawat jalan untuk mengetahui MEs dengan instrumen checklist. Metode penelitian kualitatif dilakukan dengan mewawancarai informan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan medication error. Setelah data yang dihasilkan dengan metode kualitatif terkumpul, data dikumpulkan sebagai total faktor penyebab MEs untuk mendapatkan faktor terbanyak penyebab kesalahan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan MEs di masing-masing Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto. Kesalahan di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan BPJS terdiri dari prescribing error (41,55%), transcribing error (4,58%), dan dispensing error 15,7%). Kesalahan di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan Paviliun Kartika terdiri dari prescribing error (12,41%), transcribing error (2,36%), dan dispensing error (0,69%). Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan BPJS memiliki medication error tertinggi (61,83%) dibandingkan dengan Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan Paviliun Kartika (15,46%) sebab beban kerja berupa jumlah pasien yang lebih banyak dengan jumlah staf yang minimal. Selain itu, juga terdapat faktor-faktor penyebab MEs di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto berupa faktor manusia, faktor sistem, dan faktor lingkungan yang diperoleh dari wawancara. Masing-masing faktor tersebut diperoleh faktor terbanyak dalam menyebabkan kesalahan.

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