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Journal : Jurnal Hortikultura

Alternatif Model Usahatani Konservasi Tanaman Sayuran di Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung Sutrisna, Nana; Sitorus, Santun RP; Pramudya, B; Harianto, Harianto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung merupakan lahan kering dataran tinggi. Penggunaan lahan yang tidaksesuai dengan kesesuaian, menyebabkan lahan mengalami degradasi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancangalternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung, sedangkan tujuan antara ialah(1) mengevaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan lahan existing sesuai dengan kesesuaian lahannya, (2) mengarakterisasiusahatani existing, dan (3) menganalisis komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani konservasi.Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian penggunaan lahanexisting di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung tergolong sesuai marginal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas pH, KB, KTK,ketersediaan oksigen, dan lereng. Kegiatan usahatani yang dilakukan petani di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung sudahberorientasi agribisnis, sehingga penggunaannya sangat intensif, namun belum sepenuhnya menerapkan teknologikonservasi. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani adalah jenis tanaman, sistem penanaman, danpenggunaan bahan amelioran, sedangkan pada subsistem konservasi adalah konservasi mekanik dan penggunaan mulsa.Lima alternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung yang diperoleh, yaitu (1)model A: sistem usahatani konservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur,sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (2) model B: sistem usahatanikonservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (3) model C: sistem usahatani konservasiteras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (4) model D: sistem usahatani konservasiteras gulud, bedengan searah lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, dan (5) model E: sistem usahatani konservasi teras gulud, bedengan searahlereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III. Model A, B, dan C diarahkan untuk dapat diterapkan pada lahan dengankemiringan 16-25%, sedangkan model D dan E diarahkan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 8-15%. Untuk mempercepatpenerapan model usahatani konservasi oleh petani diperlukan kelembagaan penunjang usahatani konservasi.ABSTRACT. Sutrisna, N., Santun R.P. Sitorus, B. Pramudya, and Harianto. 2010. The Alternative ConservationFarming System Model on Vegetable Plants in Upstream Areas of Subwatershed Cikapundung. The upstreamarea of Subwatershed Cikapundung are located in the dry highland. Inappropriate land usage that doesn’t utilize itsland suitability causes land degradation. The main objective of this research was to design the alternative conservationfarming system model on vegetable plants in upstream areas of subwatershed Cikapundung. The other objectives were(1) to analyze suitability of existing land utilization, (2) to characterize existing farming system, and (3) to analyzethe most effective component of the conservation farming system. This research was conducted by using a surveymethod. The results showed that the category in accordant to existing land use was belong to marginally suitable(S3). The limited factors were pH, base saturation, CEC, drainage, and slope. The most influence component of theconservation farming system were kinds of vegetation, cropping system, ameliorant, conservation techniques, andplastic mulch. There were five alternative models of conservation farming system that can be used in upstream areas ofsubwatershed Cikapundung. Those were (1) model A: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankmentcrosses the slope, uses of organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categoriesI+III or II +III, (2) model B: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment crosses the slope, usesorganic matter, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (3) model C:conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, use organic matter and lime, usesmulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (4) model D: conservation farmingsystem gulud terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetablescropping system with categories I+III or II+III, and (5) model E: conservation farming system gulud terraces, theembankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping systemwith categories I+III or II+III. The alternative models A, B, and C can be used at sloping land 16-25%, meanwhilethe alternative models D and E at sloping land 8-15%. To accelerate the implementation of farming system modelby farmers, the supporting institution of conservation farming system is required.
Uji Kelayakan Teknis dan Finansial Penggunaan Pupuk NPK Anorganik pada Tanaman Kentang Dataran Tinggi di Jawa Barat Sutrisna, Nana; Suwalan, S; Ishaq, I
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 1 (2003): Maret 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Alamendah, Kecamatan Rancabali, Kabupaten Bandung pada musim kemarau 2001. Lokasi penelitian termasuk lahan dataran tinggi dengan ketinggian 1.400 m dari permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah andosol. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara beberapa jenis pupuk alternatif NPK anorganik dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi, dan pendapatan usahatani kentang sebagai dasar penyusunan  rekomendasi teknologi penggunaan  pupuk  alternatif. Percobaan  menggunakan  rancangan  acak kelompok dengan delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil analisis tanah menunjukkan bahwa tanah di lokasi penelitian memiliki ketersediaan unsur N rendah, namun P2O5 dan K2O tinggi, serta pH tanah agak rendah (5,2). Hasil analisis hara dari beberapa jenis pupuk alternatif NPK anorganik menunjukkan bahwa kandungan unsur N, P2O5, dan K2O yang tertera pada label/kemasan tidak sesuai dengan hasil analisis di laboratorium. Dari 10 jenis pupuk yang diuji hanya 30% yang unsur N-nya sesuai, 40% unsur P2O5  sesuai,  dan 50% unsur K2O-nya yang sesuai. Pengaruh penggunaan pupuk NPK anorganik terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah tunas tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol, namun pupuk NPK 20-9-9 dapat meningkatkan produksi  umbi sebesar 13,34% dari rata-rata produksi di tingkat petani. Pupuk NPK 20-9-9 pada tanaman kentang memberikan tingkat pengembalian marginal tertinggi, yaitu 1,74 (174%), sehingga paling menguntungkan dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dan layak untuk direkomendasikan. Kata kunci : Solanum tuberosum; Pupuk anorganik; Kentang; Lahan dataran tinggi; Pertumbuhan; Hasil. ABSTRACT. The research of NPK fertilizers usage was carried out on dry season of 2001 in Alamendah village, Rancabali, Bandung. The experimental location was 1,400 meters above sea level and of andosol soils. The objective of the study was to investigate the composition of several NPK anorganic fer- tilizers and the effects on growth, yield, and profit for potato farming as the basis for technical recommendations re- garding the usage. The experimental was randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. The soil analysis results showed that the plots were low in nitrogen availability while P2O5 and K2O levels were quite high. The investigation revealed that the stated compositions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the respective la- bels were not in accordance with the results of laboratory analysis. Among ten fertilizers tested, the number actually containing the stated levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 30, 20, and 40% respectively. Plant height and number of shoots/plant were not significantly different from the control for any of the alternative fertilizers NPK anorganic used. The use of fertilizer NPK 20-9-9 showed an average yield increase of 13.34% over typical farmer pro- duction methods. The increase in yield was one of the main factors resulting in a marginal return of 174% for fertilizer NPK 20-9-9 as well. Form these results it appears the fertilizer NPK 20-9-9 may be recommended for potato farming in West Java.