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Kadar seng dan kadar malondialdehyde pada penderita multi drug resistant tuberculosis dan tuberkulosis sensitif Suparno, Suparno; Suhartono, Suhartono; Sofro, Muchlis Achsan Udji; Sulchan, Mohammad; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Background: Zinc is the main constituent element of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which acts to protect cells from inflammation and the toxic effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). High ROS production induces fat peroxidation, and forms malondialdehyde (MDA) which causes oxidative stress.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the difference of zinc and malondialdehyde levels among Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and sensitive Tuberculosis.Methods: Crossectional study with 55 subjects consisted of 32 MDR-TB subjects and 23 subjects TB sensitive. Selection of subjects using consecutive sampling. Zinc and MDA serum was obtained from venous blood. Zinc and MDA concentration were assessed by quantitative colometric and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) respectively. Data were analized statistic by independent t-test and Mann Whitney test.Results: Zinc level of MDR-TB and TB sensitive were 74.85 (64 - 97) Î¼g/dl and 73.03 (63 - 97) Î¼g/dl respectively, while MDA of MDR-TB and sensitive TB were 2.262Â±1.055 nmol/mL and 2.66Â±0.992 nmol/mL. There was no significantly different in zinc level between MDR-TB and sensitive TB (p=1.000). Furthermore, there was not significantly different of MDA level between MDR-TB and sensitive Tuberculosis (p=0,147).Conclusion: There are no differences in zinc and MDA levels in patient between MDR-TB and sensitive TB.

Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas lingkar pergelangan tangan sebagai prediktor obesitas dan resistensi insulin pada remaja akhir Fitriyanti, Addina Rizky; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati; Sulchan, Mohammad; Sunarto, Sunarto
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 7, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Background: Obesity is one of the risk factors for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Wrist circumference has the potential for predicting obesity and insulin resistance.Objectives:. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of wrist circumference against obesity and insulin resistance in late adolescents.Methods: The design of this study is a crossectional study with a sample of 85 students at Diponegoro University Semarang. Data collected consisted of anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, wrist circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference and pelvic girth) and blood vein sampling (fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin). Statistical analyses used in this study were Pearson or R Spearman correlation test.Results: Wrist circumference was positively correlated with all biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements except the waist hip ratio. Wrist circumference correlates positively and significantly with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in male adolescents. The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of wrist circumference in male adolescents had better performance in predicting obesity (88% (95% CI, 76% - 100%)) than insulin resistance (81% (95% CI, 51% -100%)).Conclusion: Wrist circumference is one of the anthropometric measurements that can be used for predicting obesity and insulin resistance in late adolescents.

Pengaruh pemberian minuman lidah buaya terhadap kadar antioksidan total dan persentase lemak tubuh pada sindrom metabolik Silitonga, Marisi Elizabeth R.; Nugroho HS, K. Heri; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati; Widyastiti, Nyoman Suci; Afifah, Diana Nur
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Background: Metabolic syndrome is related to glucose metabolism disturbance (hyperglycemia), lipid (dyslipidemia), high blood pressure, and central obesity. Metabolic syndrome implicates to heart attack, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and death. Aloe vera, well known rich of polyphenol and vitamin, has a pharmacological effect to improve insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress.Objective: To prove the effect of Aloe vera-based drink toward total antioxidant concentration improvement and body fat percentage reduction in metabolic syndrome subjects.Methods: Thus study was pre-post randomized true experimental study with control group design. The subjects were divided by 2 groups, treatment group (n=19) and control group (n=19). Treatment group was given 165 g/d Aloe vera-based drink for 30 days. Both of groups were given nutrition education about metabolic syndrome management. Total antioxidant concentration and body fat percentage were assessed pre-post-test by ABTS and BIA respectively, while food intake and activity were assessed by 24-h recall and GPAQ respectively. Independent t-test and Mann Whitney test were used to compare before and after treatment between control and treatment group.Results: Total antioxidant concentration significantly improved (p=0.00) in treatment group from 1.2 to 2.0 mmol/L, while total antioxidant concentration decreased from 1.4 to 1.3 mmol/L (p=0.074) in this control group. Moreover, there was significant difference of total antioxidant between treatment and control groups in the end of study (p=0.00). Furthermore, body fat percentage was reduced significantly from 32.8 to 32,4 mmol/L (p=0.005) in treatment group, while the reduction of body fat percentage in control group was not significant from 33.1 to 33,4 mmol/L (p=0.100). There was no difference of body fat percentage between two groups after intervention (p=0.358).Conclusion: Aloe vera-based drink improved total antioxidant concentration in metabolic syndrome subjects.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH TERHADAP KADAR AST DAN ALT DARAH TIKUS SETELAH AKTIFITAS FISIK MAKSIMAL Siahaan, Johanna; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati; Prasetyo, Awal
DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) Vol 8, No 3 (2019): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Aktivitas fisik maksimal dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif, yang kemudian merusak sel hepar. Salah satu penanda adanya kerusakan sel hepar adalah kadar AST dan ALT. Pemberian ekstrak kulit buah naga merah dapat berfungsi sebagai anti stres oksidatif. Kulit buah naga merah merupakan salah sumber antioksidan karena mengandung antosianin, betalain, vitamin C dan E. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga merah terhadap kadar AST dan ALT tikus setelah aktivitas fisik maksimal. Metode: Penelitian true experimental dengan desain post test only control group design pada tikus jantan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 tikus dibagi 3 kelompok dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Kelompok K1 diberikan pakan standar dan aktifitas fisik maksimal, K2 diberikan pakan standar dan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah, dan P diberikan pakan standar, ekstrak kulit buah naga merah dan aktivitas fisik maksimal. Hasil: Uji beda Post Hoc Bonferroni pada ALT berdasarkan kelompok perlakuan didapatkan bahwa antara perlakuan K1 terhadap K2 didapatkan nilai P = 1,000, K1 terhadap P nilai P = 0,031 dan K2 terhadap P nilai P= 0,093, sehingga dapat disimpulkan antara kelompok K1 terhadap K2 tidak berbeda bermakna (P > 0,05), begitu juga antara kelompok K2 terhadap P tidak berbeda bermakna (P> 0,05), sedangkan antara kelompok K1 terhadap P terdapat perbedaan bermakna (P< 0,05).Tidak terdapat penurunan kadar AST dan ALT pada semua kelompok . Terdapat peningkatan kadar AST dan ALT pada K1, K2, P. Kesimpulan: Ektrak kulit buah naga merah tidak yang diberikan sebagai antioksidan eksogen tidak dapat menurunkan kadar AST dan ALT darah tikus secara bermakna setelah aktivitas fisik maksimal.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak kulit buah naga merah, AST, ALT, aktivitas fisik maksimal

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA LINN.) TERHADAP KADAR ASAM URAT TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY DISLIPIDEMIA Arsyiyanti, Cut; Syauqy, Ahmad; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Januari 2013
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro

Latar Belakang : Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolisme purin yang jika jumlahnya berlebih dapat memicu berbagai macam penyakit diantaranya gout. Biji pepaya mengandung zat fitokimia seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang dapat menormalkan kadar profil lipid dan menurunkan kadar asam urat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jus biji pepaya terhadap kadar asam urat pada tikus dislipidemia. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan pre-post test randomized control group design terhadap 24 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia yang kemudian dibagi secara acak dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif yang diberikan pakan standar dan tinggi lemak, serta dua kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pakan standar, tinggi lemak dan jus biji pepaya dengan dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg selama 30 hari. Kadar Asam urat diperiksa dengan metode Spektrofotometri. Data di analisis dengan uji Paired t-test dan Anova serta uji LSD pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil: Perubahan kadar asam urat kelompok kontrol negatif, k ontrol positif dan perlakuan 400 mg dan 800 mg secara berturut-turut adalah -11,21 (p=0,352), 18,91 (p=0,360), -30,43 (p=0,024), dan -16,67(p=0,127). Perubahan kadar asam urat antar kelompok dengan uji Anova menunjukkan signifikansi sebesar 0,017. dilanjutkan uji Post-Hoc antara kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok perlakuan dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg menunjukkan signifikansi berturut-turut 0,003 dan 0,019. Simpulan: Pemberian jus biji pepaya selama 30 hari pada dosis 400 mg/ekor/hari efektif menurunkan kadar asam urat pada tikus dislipidemia.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.) dan Jintan Hitam (Nigella Sativa) terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Sprague Dawley Dislipidemia Budiarto, Andika Agus; Wibowo, Alem Pramudita; Putri, Stella Andriana; Shabrina, Nadine Nurani; Ngestiningsih, Dwi; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Terapi jangka panjang dislipidemia dengan simvastatin dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping sehingga perlu alternatif terapi, salah satunya dengan temulawak dan jintan hitam. Kandungan curcumin pada temulawak dan thymoquinon pada jintan hitam diperkirakan dapat memperbaiki profil lipid pasien dislipidemia. Tujuan dari penelitain adalah membuktikan efek pemberian ekstrak temulawak dan ekstrak jintan hitam terhadap profil lipid tikus Sprague dawley dislipidemia. Penelitian menggunakan true experimental design dengan post test randomized controlled group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT)â€“Layanan Pra Klinik Pengembangan Hewan Percobaan (LP3HP) Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta dan di Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Negeri Semarang periode 18 Februariâ€“8 Maret 2016. Sebanyak 42 ekor tikus Sprague dawley dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok K1 (kontrol normal), kelompok K2 (kontrol dislipidemia), kelompok P1 (200 mg/kgBB ekstrak temulawak), kelompok P2 (400 mg/kgBB ekstrak jintan hitam), kelompok P3 (0,18 mg/200 gramBB simvastatin), dan kelompok P4 (200 mg/kgBB ekstrak temulawak dan 400 mg/kgBB ekstrak jintan hitam). Kadar kolesterol LDL, HDL dan kolesterol total diukur dengan CHOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok K2 memiliki kadar tertinggi kolesterol total (69,1 Â± 2,41) dan LDL (25,9 Â± 2,16), serta memiliki kadar terendah HDL (30,68 Â± 5,25). Uji ANOVA pada kolesterol total dan LDL menunjukan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05), sedangkan pada HDL tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Disimpulkan, ekstrak temulawak dan ekstrak jintan hitam berpotensi menurunkan kadar LDL dan kolesterol total, serta menaikkan kadar HDL pada tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia. [MKB. 2016;49(1):8â€“14]Kata kunci: Jintan hitam, profil lipid, temulawakÂ Effects of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extracts on Lipid Profile: A Study on Dyslipidemic Sprague Dawley RatsÂ The use of Simvastatin for a long term therapy of dyslipidemia can cause unwanted side effects; therefore, alternative therapies are needed, including therapy using temulawak and black cumin extracts. Curcumin in temulawak and thymoquinon in black cumin could modify the lipid profile of patients with dyslipidemia. The aim of study was to determine the effect of temulawak and black cumin extracts on serum lipid profile of dyslipidemic Sprague dawley rats. This research was conducted at Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (PPT) -Profit Clinical Trials (LP3HP) Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta and in Biology Laboratory Faculty of Science and Mathematics State University of Semarang period 18 February-8 March 2016. This study used true experimental design with post-test randomized controlled group design. Forty two Sprague dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: K1 for normal control, K2 for dyslipidemic control, P1 received 200mg/kgBW Temulawak extract, P2 received 400mg/kgBW black cumin extract, P3 received 0.18mg/200grBW simvastatin, and P4 received a combination of 200mg/kgBW Temulawak extract and 400mg/kgBW black cumin extract. LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels were determined by CHOD-PAP. The results of this study showed that K2 group had the highest level of total cholesterol (69.1 Â± 2.41) and LDL (25.9 Â± 2.16) but the lowest level of HDL(30.68 Â± 5.25) when compared to the other groups. ANOVA analysis of total cholesterol and LDL showed a significant difference (p<0.05), while the sama analysis on HDL showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05). From the results, it is concluded that temulawak extract and black cumin extract can potentially decrease the level of LDL and total cholesterol as well as increasing the level of HDL in dyslipidemic Sprague Dawley rats. [MKB. 2016;49(1):8â€“14]Key words: Black cumin, lipid profile, temulawak

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA LINN.) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLY DISLIPIDEMIA Meirindasari, Neny; Murwani R, Hesti; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro

Latar Belakang : Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular adalah dislipidemia yaitu abnormalitas profil lipid dalam darah. Pengendalian kadar kolesterol yang tepat dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Pengendalian kadar kolesterol dapat dilakukan dengan mengonsumsi pangan fungsional yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar kolesterol salah satunya adalah biji pepaya. Biji pepaya mengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang berpotensi dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh jus biji pepaya terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada tikus dislipidemia.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan pre-post test randomized control group design terhadap 28 ekor tikus Sprague Dawly dislipidemia yang kemudian dibagi secara acak dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif yang diberikan pakan standar dan tinggi kolesterol, serta dua kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pakan standar, tinggi kolesterol dan jus biji pepaya dengan dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg selama 30 hari. Kadar kolesterol total diperiksa dengan metode spektrofotometri. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test dan Anova serta uji Post-Hoc dengan LSD pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Perubahan kadar kolesterol total kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan perlakuan 400 mg dan 800 mg secara berturut-turut adalah 12,15% (p=0,178), 16,33% (p=0,192), -10,64% (p=0,221), and -6,53% (p=0,536). Perbedaan perubahan kadar kolesterol total antar kelompok dengan uji Anova menunjukkan signifikansi sebesar 0,241.Simpulan: Pemberian jus biji pepaya selama 30 hari pada dosis 400 mg/ekor/hari paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus dislipidemia.

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