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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)" : 10 Documents clear
The non-compressibility ratio for accurate diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis Caecilia Marliana; A. Gunawan Santoso; Santosa Santosa
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.126-132

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAccurate identification of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is critical,as untreated cases can be fatal. It is well established that the specificity of the clinical signs and symptoms of DVT is low. Therefore, clinicians rely on additional tests to make this diagnosis. There are three modalities for DVT diagnosis; clinical scoring, laboratory investigations, and radiology. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of plasma D-dimer concentration with the ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio in patients with DVT in the lower extremities.METHODSThis research was a cross-sectional observational study. The sample comprised 25 subjects over 30 years of age with clinically diagnosed DVT in the lower extremities. In all subjects, D-dimer determination using latex enhanced turbidimetric test was performed, as well as ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio assessment of the lower extremities. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation at significance level of 0.05.RESULTSMean plasma D-dimer concentration was 2953.00 ± 2054.44 μg/L. The highest mean non-compressibility ratio (59.96 ± 35.98%) was found in the superficial femoral vein and the lowest mean non-compressibility ratio (42.68 ± 33.71%) in the common femoral vein. There was a moderately significant correlation between plasma D-dimer level and non-compressibility ratio in the popliteal vein (r=0.582; p=0.037). In the other veins of the lower extremities, no significant correlation was found.CONCLUSIONThe sonographic non-compressibility ratio is an objective test for quick and accurate diagnosis of lower extremity DVT and for evaluation of DVT severity.
Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher liquid has antifungal activity against Candida spp. Hanna Yolanda; Ingrid M. Makahinda; Maureen Aprilia; Nikki Sanjaya; Harry Gunawan; Rita Dewi
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.83-90

Abstract

BACKGROUNDTo develop new effective antifungals, it is essential to search for antifungal compounds from plants such as Nepenthes spp., which have their greatest diversity in Indonesia. Since chitin-induced liquid (CIL) from Nepenthes khasiana pitchers has antifungal activity, due to their naphthoquinone content, this study aimed to evaluate antifungal activity of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher liquids on Candida spp.METHODSCollected pitcher liquids were of 3 types: non-induced liquid (NIL), prey-induced liquid (PIL), and chitin-induced liquid (CIL). Non-induced liquid (NIL) was collected from fresh naturally opened pitchers, PIL from opened pitchers after 3 hours of induction with Zophobas morio larvae, and CIL from closed pitchers after 5 days of chitin solution injection. The antifungal activity of the liquids against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were detected by disc diffusion and macrodilution methods.RESULTSInhibition zone diameters of NIL, PIL, and CIL against C. albicans were 35.00 (35.00 – 39.33) mm, 26.33 (23.00 – 40.00) mm, and 30.00 ( 28.00 – 32.00) mm, respectively, while for C. glabrata the zone diameters were 22.22 ± 3.66 mm, 29.89 ± 2.79 mm, and 28.89 ± 1.17 mm, respectively. No inhibition zones were found for NIL, PIL, and CIL against C. krusei and C. tropicalis. At concentrations of 80%, almost all samples showed visually apparent inhibition of fungal growth.CONCLUSIONThe pitcher liquid of N. rafflesiana has antifungal properties, presumably due to the presence of many potentially active substances, such as naphthoquinones, as has been proven in other studies.
Mangosteen peel extract reduces formalin-induced liver cell death in rats Afiana Rohmani; Sarjadi Sarjadi; Winarto Winarto; Kisdjamiatun Kisdjamiatun
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.109-117

Abstract

BACKGROUNDFormalin is a xenobiotic that is now commonly used as a preservative in the food industry. The liver is an organ that has the highest metabolic capacity as compared to other organs. Mangosteen or Garcinia mangostana Linn (GML) peel contains xanthones, which are a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mangosteen peel extract on formalin- induced liver cell mortality rate and p53 protein expression in Wistar rats.METHODSEighteen rats received formalin orally for 2 weeks, and were subsequently divided into 3 groups, consisting of the formalin-control group receiving a placebo and treatment groups 1 and 2, which were treated with mangosteen peel extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. The treatment was carried out for 1 week, and finally the rats were terminated. The differences in liver cell mortality rate and p53 protein expression were analyzed.RESULTSOne-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in liver cell mortality rate among the three groups (p=0.004). The liver cell mortality rate in the treatment group receiving 400 mg/kgBW/day extract was lower than that in the formalin- control group. There was no p53 expression in all groups.CONCLUSIONSGarcinia mangostana Linn peel extract reduced the mortality rate of liver cells in rats receiving oral formalin. Involvement of p53 expression in liver cell mortality in rats exposed to oral formalin is presumably negligible.
Cytotoxicity assay of Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd against breast and cervical cancer cells Endang Purwaningsih; Etty Widayanti; Yulia Suciati
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.75-82

Abstract

BACKGROUNDCancer is one of the causes of high mortality. Breast and cervical cancers are two of the most frequent cancers affecting women around the world, including Indonesia. Natural materials such as rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) have anticancer potentials. The rodent tuber extract contains ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) capable of cutting the DNA or RNA of cancer cells and blocking the growth of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd extract on HeLa cervical cancer and Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells.METHODSSubjects were cultured cell lines of HeLa cells in Rosswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) and of MCF-7 cells in Dulbecco’s Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM). Rodent tuber ethanolic extract was diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cytotoxicity assay used the 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl,5-diphenyl) tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Absorbance was read in an ELISA reader at a wavelength of 595 nm.RESULTSRat tuber extract at all dilutions (500; 250; 125; 62.5; 31.25; 15.625;7.81; 3.9 ì g/ mL) showed cytotoxic effects against HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Higherconcentrations of the extract gave a higher proliferation inhibition effect.Calculated IC50 values of the extract by probit analysis were 30.19 ìg/mL against HeLa cells and 5.586 ì g/mL against MCF-7 cells.CONCLUSIONSEthanolic extract of Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd has cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 cells are greater than the cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells.
Footwear as a risk factor of hookworm infection in elementary school students Semuel Sandy; Sri Sumarni; Soeyoko Soeyoko
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.133-140

Abstract

BACKGROUNDIn Indonesia, there is still a high prevalence of hookworm infection, especially in poor areas with poor sanitation. The number of helminthic diseases in Keerom Regency was about 599 cases in 2010. This number is bound to increase due to the low sanitation, hygiene and socio-economic status of the people in the regency. The children are a group at risk for contracting infections, especially intestinal worms, which affect the child’s physical growth and intelligence. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of hookworm diseases in elementary school students.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 elementary school students.Demographic data were obtained by questionnaire, comprising gender, parental socio-economic status, household sanitation, and personal hygiene. Body mass index was calculated by measurement of body weight and height. And hemoglobin concentration was measured using a Quick Check Hb-meter. Stool samples were microscopically examined using the Kato-Katz method. We used chi-square and logistic regression to find predictors of hookworm infections, with level of significance at p<0.05.RESULTSThe number of hookworm infection was 6.7% and the risk factor of hookworminfection among elementary school students was the habit of using footwearoutdoors [OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.7-17.7; p=0.004].CONCLUSIONThe use of footwear outdoors was a predictor of hookworm infections inelementary school children. An effective and efficient intervention program isneeded to prevent and eradicate hookworm infection among primary schoolchildren.
Statins and risk of diabetes mellitus Richard Tjan
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.73-74

Abstract

Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which reduces HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the precursor of cholesterol via squalene. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase results in a decrease in cholesterol production. Since 1987, when the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved lovastatin for clinical use,(1) statins have been widely used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), which is associated with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Statins are also used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, since this carries a high risk of CHD. Statins have several adverse effects, to which must now be added new onset diabetes. In 2012 the FDA issued a warning about the risk of newly developed diabetes mellitus in older persons, such that statin labels now include information on glycemic effects, including diabetes and increases in hemoglobin A1c or fasting plasma glucose.(2) According to the results of a recent meta-analysis involving 13,966 40+-year patients newly treated with statins between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 2011, a moderate but significant increase was found in the risk of new onset diabetes within the first two years of using regular higher potency statins (rosuvastatin >10 mg, atorvastatin >20 mg, and simvastatin >40 mg), compared with lower potency drugs. Therefore these investigators caution clinicians regarding the use of higher potency statins in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.(2) The use of a new drug carries a “built-in time-bomb”, because nothing is known about its side effects, except for those revealed by animal tests and limited clinical trials. Even a multicenter clinical trial cannot be expected to reveal all possible adverse reactions associated with a new drug. As an illustration, in patients without diabetes mellitus, more than 345 000 cases were needed to detect an increase in fasting blood glucose of 3 mg/dL as a result of statin use.(3) Here is a verbatim quote from Shah and Goldfine: “For any prescription drug, the potential benefits to health must be balanced against potential risks. Understanding these potential risks can help physicians and patients make informed decisions on whether to use a medication.” Since the risk of statin-induced diabetes mellitus is important and unknown in the population of persons at lower risk of heart disease, it is considered prudent not to prescribe statins, except when diet and exercise cannot achieve LDL goals.(3) The mechanism by which statins induce diabetes in older persons has been recently uncovered. A Canadian research team has shown that statins increase macrophage IL-1 secretion, ndicating activation of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (caspase-1 inflammasome), which promotes insulin resistance, a precursor of type 2 diabetes. These investigators are of the opinion that the risk of statin-induced insulin Univ Med - Vol. 33 No.2 73 resistance may be reduced by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, particularly in obese, hyperlipidemic patients who are often at risk for developing diabetes, but have to use statins.(4) In conclusion, although the risk of new diabetes mellitus with statin therapy may be considered to be minimal, the use of statins should only be prescribed by physicians for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. However, when these patients are also at risk for diabetes mellitus, their blood glucose level should be monitored.(3) On the other hand, since statins may trigger new onset diabetes, presumably in predisposed persons, and since diabetes carries a risk of cardiovascular disease, even statins with the least side effects should not be used routinely for primary prevention, least of all as over-the-counter drugs. Primum non nocere.
Stress as a major determinant of migraine in women aged 25-65 years Woro Riyadina; Lelly Andayasari
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.141-150

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMigraine is a primary headache causing substantial disability in patients. The prevalence of migraine in women is still high. Menarche, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and the use of hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement treatment may influence migraine occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the major determinants of migraine in adult women aged 25-65 years.METHODSA cross-sectional study of 2,747 women from the baseline study “Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases”. The dependent variable was migraine based on the diagnosis of health providers or symptoms. Independent variables were demographic (age, marital status, education) and behavioral (smoking, diet, and stress) characteristics, metabolic disorders (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia), and hormonal factors (contraception and hormone therapy). Data were collected through interviews (characteristics, health and hormonal status, diet), measurement (anthropometrics, blood pressure), and health examination (blood specimens, neurology). Data were analyzed by chisquare test and multiple logistic regression.RESULTSMigraine in adult women was found in 710 cases (25.8%) with symptoms ofworsening with activity (15%), nausea and vomiting (13%), and photophobia/ phonophobia (4.1%). The main determinant of migraine in adult women was stress with a 2.47-fold risk [95% CI = 2.07 to 2.95] as compared with no stress, after controlling for smoking, menstruation and hormonal drug consumption.CONCLUSIONStress is a major determinant of migraine in adult women, therefore healthprograms should be instituted through health promotion, prevention and education to control stress.
Toxic compounds of Curcuma aeruginosa causes necrosis of mice hepatocytes Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah; Idha Kusumawati; Lucia Tri Suwanti; Sri Subekti
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.118-125

Abstract

BACKGROUNDPeople have been using Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome as a traditional herbal medicine as appetite stimulant, without realizing its side effects. Herbal plants contain tens to hundreds of compounds, some of which are toxic. The aim of this research was to determine which toxic compound of Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome has an impact on apoptosis and PARP-1 expression of hepatocytes in male mice.METHODSEighty eight male Balb C mice were divided into 10 groups treated respectively with Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome cloroform extract, methanol extract, essential oil, infusion, and press juice, at dosages of 0.004g/kgBW and 0.06g/kgBW, and 1 control group. The treatment was given orally once a day for 10 days and on the 11th day, the research animals were sacrificed, and their liver taken for histopathologic slide preparation with Apopteq Detection Kit, and immunofluorescence. Compounds in Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Partial Least Squares to determine which compounds had an impact on murine hepatocytes.RESULTSThe result of one way ANOVA showed that the chloroform groups at dosages of 0.004g/kgBW and 0.06g/kgBW showed the highest apoptosis of mice’s hepatocytes (p<0.05). There were significant differences in PARP-1 expression between control and treatment groups. The highest PARP-1 expression was in the essential oil group at a dosage of 0.06g/kg BW (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONCurcuma aeruginosa rhizome given to mice orally causes necrosis of mice’s hepatocytes.
Allogeneic human dermal fibroblasts are viable in peripheral blood mononuclear co-culture Restu Syamsul Hadi; Indra Kusuma; Yurika Sandra
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.91-99

Abstract

BACKGROUNDTransplanted allogeneic dermal fibroblasts retain stem cell subpopulations, and are easily isolated, expanded and stored using standard techniques. Their potential for regenerative therapy of chronic wounds should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine allogeneic fibroblast viability in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).METHODSIn this experimental study, fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin explants, expanded in the presence of serum, and stored using slow-freezing. We used one intervention group of allogeneic fibroblasts co-cultured with PBMC and 2 control groups of separate fibroblast and PBMC cultures.Fibroblasts were characterized by their collagen secretion and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression. Viability was evaluated using water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) proliferation assay. Absorbances were measured at 450 nm. Data analysis was performed by student’s paired t-test.RESULTSDermal fibroblasts were shown to secrete collagen, express OCT4, be recoverable after cryopreservation, and become attached to the culture dish in a co-culture with PBMC. Co-cultured and control fibroblasts had no significantly different cell viabilities (p>0.05). Calculated viable cell numbers increased 1.8 and 5.1- fold, respectively, at days 2 and 4 in vitro. Both groups showed comparable doubling times at days 2 and 4 in vitro. PBMC did not interfere with allogeneic fibroblast viability and proliferative capacityCONCLUSIONSAllogeneic fibroblasts remain viable and proliferate in the presence of host PBMC. Future research should evaluate allogeneic human dermal fibroblast competency in clinical settings. Dermal fibroblasts are a potential source for cell therapy in chronic wound management.
Dendrophthoe pentandra methanolic leaf extract increases progesterone levels in female rats Lazuardi Mochamad; Bambang Hermanto
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.100-108

Abstract

BACKGROUNDHuman infertiliy cases in Indonesia have tended to increase at about 2-5%annually since 2000. Many tropical plants in Indonesia are potential sources of novel anti-infertility compounds, e.g. Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq. (benalu duku), a parasitic plant growing on Lansium domesticum. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of crude methanolic Dendrophthoe pentandra leaf extract on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone levels in female rats.METHODSFourteen Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain female rats were divided into anintervention group and a control group, and synchronized to estrus via thepheromone synchronizing method. The intervention group was given daily single intramuscular injections of crude methanolic Dendrophthoe pentandra leaf extract at 100 mg/kgBW for 4 days, while the control group was given daily single intramuscular injections of 1 mL of distilled water. Determination of FSH and progesterone levels in whole blood was done using the Randox Evidence Investigator analyzer. The data were subjected to the t test for two independent samples.RESULTSMean FSH in the intervention group was 9.28 ± 6.72 mIU/mL, which was lower than mean FSH of 24.80 ±16.35 mIU/mL in controls (p<0.05). Mean progesterone level in the intervention group was 33.55±13.96 nmol/L, twice as high as that in the control group, which was 18.47± 06.47 nmol/L (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONSCrude methanolic Dendrophthoe pentandra leaf extract reduces FSH andincreases progesterone levels in female rats, but cannot yet be recommended for use as fertility hormone inhibitor or stimulator in rats.

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