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INDONESIA
PCD Journal
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 20850433     EISSN : 20850441     DOI : 10.22146/pcd
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 67 Documents
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Mainstreaming Radical Politics in Sri Lanka: The case of JVP post-1977 Dewasiri, Nirmal Ranjith
PCD Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2010): Democracy in Practice: Representation and Grassroots Politics
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (368.602 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25721

Abstract

This article provides a critical understanding of dynamics behind the roles of the People's Liberation Front (JVP) in post-1977 Sri Lankan politics. Having suffered a severe setback in the early 1970s, the JVP transformed itself into a significant force in electoral politics that eventually brought the United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) to power. This article explains the transformation by examining the radical political setting and mapping out the actors and various movements which allowed the JVP to emerge as a dominant player within the hegemonic political mainstream in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, it also highlights the structural changes in JVP politics and its challenges for future consolidation.
Who are “Normal” and “Extreme” Muslims? Discursive Study of Christians’ Voice about Muslim’s Identity in Surakarta, Central Java Suhadi, Suhadi
PCD Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Challenges to Democracy at the Local
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (274.788 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.29035

Abstract

This article assumes that language is not only a way of saying things (informative), but also a way of doing things (performative) or exercising power. Through conducting eight focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 39 Christian participants in Surakarta Central Java, this research studies the Christians’ discourse on their fellow Muslims. In those FGDs, I stimulated the participants’ discussion by the basic question, “How do you speak about Muslims”. Though the question is about Muslims, but in fact sometimes they also speak about themselves. I am concerned about the discursive study of religion taking advantage from Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis theory and method focusing on the analysis of linguistic practice, discursive practice, and social practice. As a result, the discussions of participants were on a hegemonic struggle between dominant and peripheral voices to define what is considered “[ab]normal” Muslims. Christian participants identified extremist (fanatical, fundamentalist) Muslims as abnormal. They positioned extremists and excessive persons as extraordinary. Thus, they identified extremism as not the norm but an exception to the rule of religions. In distinguishing between “normal” and “extreme” the participants primarily positioned themselves as normal or ordinary religious people who are moderate. They identified those who cause conflict as neither moderate Muslims nor moderate Christians, but fundamentalists in their respective faiths.
Conflict Studies in Indonesia: A Preliminary Survey of Indonesian Publications Panggabean, Samsu Rizal
PCD Journal Vol 4, No 1-2 (2012): Democratisation: Power and Conflict Relations
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (200.505 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.25772

Abstract

This article will review a sample of published material on conflict and violence in Indonesia, written or co-authored by Indonesian authors. This selective approach will limit the literature reviewed whilst highlighting the significant contribution made to the literature by Indonesian scholars, researchers, and journalists. Much of the literature on conflict and violence in Indonesia that has been published during the last decade was written by non-Indonesian scholars and researchers. The particularistic approach adopted in this article will provide an opportunity for reviewing the state of conflict studies by Indonesian writers and scholars.
Online Political Participation and Netizen Anonymity in Indonesia’s Digital Democracy Perbawani, Pulung S; Rahayu, Rahayu; Anshari, Irham Nur
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (200.994 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.41905

Abstract

The growth of social media in Indonesia has contributed to an increase in the public’s online political participation. This phenomenon has brought forward discussion regarding the pros and cons of online political participation, as related to participants’ identities. The lack of traceability regarding participants’ identities has posed some challenges, including the accountability and legitimacy of opinions.This research seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of anonymity in political participation. By applying the theory of online disinhibition effect, this research attempts to explain the dynamics of anonymity, its implications for political participation on social media, and the effects of anonymity on the quality of digital democracy. Using surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews, this research seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the issues.The findings show that the varied degrees of anonymity employed by citizens affect their political participation. In addition, anonymity can be understood as citizens’ mechanism for coping with various possible consequences, such as legal and social retribution in the personal and professional context. We argue that the option to remain anonymous on social media has increased the extent of political participation in Indonesia. However, this increase in the quantity of participation has not necessarily been followed by an increase in its quality. Such a situation, ironically, is due to the nature of anonymity itself, which is further explained through the framework of the online disinhibition effect.
Vigilantism as ‘Twilight Institution’: Islamic Vigilante Groups and the State in Post-Suharto Yogyakarta Arrobi, Moh Zaki
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (231.947 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.35215

Abstract

The paper attempts to comprehend the nexus between vigilantism, a particular form of citizenship, and identity politics within the Islamist groups active in Yogyakarta in the post-Suharto era. As numerous studies have revealed, democracy in post-Suharto Indonesia has been marked by the persistent presence of militias, gangs, vigilantism, and street politics. These groups have largely embraced ethnicity, religion, and localism as symbols upon the basis of which they claim to defend and represent specific communities. The rise of identity-based groups, which frequently break the law and disturb public order, has been portrayed as the emergence of ‘uncivil society’ elements that are challenging state authority and threatening democratic values and the very foundations of civil society. Without rejecting a certain degree of fact within these studies, this article suggests that these explanations have failed to understand the complexity of such groups and the reason for their persistence in local political landscapes.This article argues that such groups have exercised a form of citizenship that is characterised by the mobilisation of local support, patronage politics, and discourses of localised ‘Islamic populism’. In this regard, it suggests that the prominence of Islamist vigilante groups in Yogyakarta lies in their role as ‘twilight institutions’ that can channel citizens into state institutions not only to negotiate basic rights such as employment and public service through violence, patronage, and security businesses, but also to defend an imagined and localised ummah community.In making such arguments, this paper focuses on the role of Islamist groups in Yogyakarta, particularly groups that are loosely associated with the United Development Party (PPP) such as Gerakan Pemuda Kaaba (Kaaba Youth Movement), Gerakan Anti Maksiat (Anti-Vice Movement), and Laskar Hizbullah (Hizbullah Troops), as exemplars for elucidating the intersection of identity politics, vigilantism, and citizenship in the local political landscape. Primary data were conducted through in-depth interviews as well as participatory observations between 2014 and 2016.
Transformational and Transactional Leadership Understanding How Leadership Cultivates Democratic Citizenship in Panggungharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta Edi, Ashari Cahyo; Wardhani, Indah Surya
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.403 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.35229

Abstract

Leadership is essential in promoting democratic citizenship; this is also true at the village government level. Using the experience of Panggungharjo Village, Bantul, this paper tries to understand the role of leadership in supporting the fulfillment of citizens’ rights within the context of Law 6/2014 on Villages. Based on interviews and field observations conducted between October and November 2016, this paper finds that transactional and transformational leadership approaches, conceptualised by Burns (1978) and applied in Panggungharjo, influence the effective provision of public service and welfare. When used complementary and strategically, the two leadership styles determine the effectiveness of village leadership and reform initiatives. Indeed, there is an issue of power that is crucial to take into account. In comprehending this important aspect, Lukes’s (1974, 2005) concept of power dimensions is helpful. His diagram of power consists of tangible power engineering (First Dimension), a new system of procedures that create barriers for potential political opponents (Second Dimension), and the enactment of new norms (Third Dimension). In Panggungharjo, the village head’s leadership, approach has been widely recognised as one of the success stories in Indonesian village governance. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that this effective and functioning government has led to leadership practice that has created citizens who are “beneficiaries” rather than “shapers and makers” (Cornwall & Gaventa 2001; Gaventa, 2002, 2004). This outcome may not optimally underpin active citizenship, as active citizens are a prerequisite to promoting democratic citizenship.
Mainstreaming Modernisation Risk Politics in Indonesia’s Democratisation: Towards Public Control of Welfare and Risk in Expanding Water Access Nurshafira, Tadzkia
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (219.374 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.35411

Abstract

This paper explores how modernisation risk politics are understood and situated in Indonesia’s democratisation, specifically in the issue of clean water provision. Taking water procurement and the expansion of palm oil industries in Pandeglang District as its case study, this paper endeavours to identify the politics of knowledge between local communities and the government in defining and minimising modernisation risks under the democratic regime. Informed by the notions of risk society introduced by Ulrich Beck (1992), dispositif by Michel Foucault (Foucault & Gordon, 1977), and transformative democracy by Harris, Stokke, & Törnquist (2004) and Törnquist & Warouw (2009), this article argues that certain knowledge of risk shapes and conditions existing democratic institutions and actors’ will-capacity in expanding water access. That means that the calculation of risk is strongly influenced by the politics of knowledge, including in identifying what is considered ‘risk’, as well as what is considered ‘agent’ and ‘institution’ relevant to minimising the impact of risk. The politics of knowledge represents the contestation between certain risk dispositif and its alternative, which embodies the exercise of power and is followed by certain technologies of government as material embodiments of such rationality.
From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines Calata, Erickson D; Ugaddan, Reginald G.
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (348.949 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.41903

Abstract

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.
Book Review: Islamic Political Discourse in the Reform Era Manalu, Dimpos
PCD Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2018): PCD Journal Volume 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (141.124 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.43019

Abstract

The connection between the state and Islam is a dynamic and important theme in Indonesian political discourse, a situation inseparable from some Muslims' aspirations for Islam to become the ideology (foundation) of the state. In the important political events that have occurred, such polemics have often emerged and become sources of serious political tensions.Carool Kersten's book, an Indonesian-language translation of Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas, and Values (2015), examines the contestations of discourses and actors during Indonesia's Reform Era within the relationship of the state and religion (Islam). This book comprehensively explains how two groups—progressive Muslims and conservative (reactionary) Muslims—have continued their predecessors' struggles. It focuses specifically on the first group, as well as the diverse sub-discourses included therein. 
A Disciplined Freedom: The Paradox of Labour Rights in Post-Reformasi Indonesia Azhiim, Rizma Afian; Bastari, Gema Ramadhan
PCD Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2019): PCD Journal Vol 7 No.1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (175.891 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/pcd.36026

Abstract

This paper will discuss the paradox of labour rights in Indonesia after the beginning of Reformasi in 1998. Despite workers having been provided with better regulations that uphold all of their essential rights, labour protests remain prevalent with the same demands every year. To explain this paradox, this paper will employ Foucault's concept of biopower to argue, that instead of bringing prosperity to workers, these new regulations have actually disciplined them. New regulations and freedoms have dictated and limited the kinds of actions that workers can undertake, constructing their logic and becoming internalised to the point that some do not realise that they are ironically being constrained by the very laws that were supposed to free them. As such, workers have unknowingly become trapped in a cycle of protest–new government policy–protest ad infinitum. This paper concludes that "Reformasi" has not done much to improve workers' prosperity. The Manpower Law and freedom of association have failed to guarantee the fulfilment of labour rights, instead giving a false sense of freedom. To escape this trap, the labour movement must find a way to fight outside of the logic provided by the Manpower Law by beginning to imagine a system where labour exploitation can no longer exist.

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