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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
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Search results for , issue " Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015" : 10 Documents clear
The Effect of Hot Water Treatment and Dose Trichoderma sp. to Plant Tissue of Seedling Growth from Bud Chips of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) -, Haryuni
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3534

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a high-value economical crops, only grows in tropical climates of Java and parts of Sumatra. Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) is a vascular disease in sugarcane which its visual symptoms is difficult to detect. The disease has spread across the sugarcane plantations in Indonesia with the percentage of attacks 10-100%. The use of buds chips treatment of seedling plant is an act of reducing pathogen development. The research effect of hot water treatment / HWT (0, 30, 60, and 90 min) and dose application of Trichoderma sp. (0, 25, and 50 g) using 864 varieties, is designed with a completely randomized factorial design. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. able to infect the roots and stems of seedling age 3 months, part of plant tissue increase of protein and proline content, decrease of glucose content so that increase resistance and health in the growth of sugarcane seedling before planting in the land.Tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum) adalah tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, hanya tumbuh di daerah beriklim tropis terutama di Jawa dan sebagian Sumatra. Penyakit ratoon stunting disease (RSD) merupakan penyakit pembuluh pada tebu yang sulit dideteksi gejala visualnya. Penyakit tersebut telah tersebar di seluruh pertanaman tebu di Indonesia dengan presentase serangan mencapai 10-100%. Penggunaan bahan tanam benih asal mata tunas (bud chip) dapat mengurangi perkembangan patogen. Penelitian pengaruh waktu perendaman air panas (0, 30, 60, dan 90 menit) dan aplikasi dosis jamur Trichoderma sp (0, 25, dan 50 g) terhadap pertumbuhan benih tebu klon 864, dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur Trichoderma sp mampu menginfeksi bagian akar dan batang benih umur 3 bulan, pada bagian jaringan tanaman terjadi peningkatan kadar protein dan prolin serta penurunan kadar glukosa sehingga meningkatkan ketahanan dan kesehatan pada pertumbuhan awal benih tebu sebelum ditanam di lahan.
Respon Kecambah Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Asal Bengkalis, Riau Terhadap Cekaman Garam Roslim, Dewi Indriyani; Anandia, Rahmi; -, Herman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3539

Abstract

Varietas padi yang tahan terhadap cekaman garam sangat diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah cekaman garam di wilayah pesisir pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon pertumbuhan akar dan tajuk serta pertambahan biomassa akar dan tajuk dari enam varietas padi pada fase kecambah. Varietas padi lokal yang digunakan berasal dari Kecamatan Bantan, Kabupaten Bengkalis, yaitu Amat Candu, Sadani, Solok, dan Yamin. Dua varietas pembanding yang digunakan adalah IR64 yang tidak tahan dan Indragiri yang tahan terhadap cekaman garam. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi NaCl, yaitu 0 mM, 15 mM, 30 mM, dan 45 mM. Faktor kedua adalah varietas padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di antara empat varietas lokal yang diuji, varietas Amat Candu memberikan respon pertumbuhan dan biomassa akar paling baik sehingga dapat digolongkan ke dalam varietas padi yang moderat terhadap cekaman garam; sedangkan tiga varietas padi lainnya, yakni Solok, Sadani, dan Yamin tergolong tidak tahan cekaman garam. Pertumbuhan akar kecambah padi pada perlakuan cekaman garam 30 mM merupakan karakter yang dapat membedakan ketahanan terhadap cekaman garam. Oleh karena itu pertumbuhan akar kecambah pada cekaman garam 30mM disarankan untuk digunakan dalam penapisan varietas padi untuk ketahanan terhadap cekaman garam.Salt tolerant rice varieties is needed to overcome the problem of salt stress on coastal areas. This study aimed to analyze the roots and canopy growth of six rice varieties at germination stage. Four local rice varieties used derived from District of Bantan, Bengkalis, i.e. Amat Candu, Sadani, Solok, and Yamin. Two control varieties, IR64 and Indragiri, were used as salt sensitive and salt tolerance, respectively. The study was conducted using a randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was concentration of NaCl, i.e. 0 mM, 15 mM, 30 mM, and 45 mM. The second factor was the rice variety. The results showed that among four local varieties tested, Amat Candu varieties had best root growth and biomass; therefore it can be classified into a moderate tolerance to salt stress; while three others, i.e. Solok, Sadani, and Yamin classified as salt sensitive varieties. Seedling root growth at 30 mM salt stress treatment could differentiate the salt resistance salt. Hence, the growth of seedling root on salt stress 30 mM is recommended for use in rice varieties screening for resistance to salt stress.
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda di Pantai Selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura Rahmasari, Titis; Purnomo, Tarzan; Ambarwati, Reni
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3535

Abstract

Pesisir selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan memiliki beberapa pantai dengan profil yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan profil pantai tersebut tampak pada substrat dasar perairan masing-masing, sehingga komunitas biota dasar perairan, misalnya Gastropoda yang terdapat di pantai-pantai tersebut juga berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis, keanekaragaman, dan kelimpahan Gastropoda di pantai selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek dilakukan di pantai selatan Pamekasan pada tiga stasiun penelitian, yaitu Pantai Bengkal, Pantai Talang Siring, dan Pantai Jumiang. Pada setiap pantai ditentukan tiga garis transek ke arah laut dan pada masing-masing garis transek dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu intertidal atas, intertidal tengah, dan intertidal bawah. Keanekaragaman Gastropoda dianalisis berdasarkan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan relatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di pantai selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura ditemukan 29 jenis Gastropoda yang terbagi ke dalam 14 famili. Indeks keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Pantai Bengkal memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 2,4398 diikuti Pantai Talang Siring (2,0988) dan Pantai Jumiang (1,6200) Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Gastropoda sebesar 3,0075, termasuk kategori keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Gastropoda yang paling melimpah adalah Nassarius distortus diikuti Littoraria scabra dan Nassarius leptospirus dengan kelimpahan relatif berturut-turut 11,21%; 9,09%; dan 8,03%. Informasi ini menegaskan bahwa indeks keragaman Gastropoda rendah ditemukan di pantai yang menjadi tujuan wisata dan dekat pemukiman penduduk (pantai Jumiang), sehingga diperlukan pengendalian terhadap pencemaran pantai akibat aktivitas manusia.Southern shores of Pamekasan consists of beaches with different profiles. The difference can be found in the type of substrate which causes variation of invertebrate community living in this shores, i.e.gastropods. The study aimed to identify the species of gastropods as well as to describe the diversity and abundance of gastropods in the southern shores of Pamekasan Madura. Sampling was carried out on three research stations located at the southern shores of Pamekasan (Bengkal Beach, Talang Siring Beach, and Jumiang Beach). Three transect lines were placed at each research station and each transect line was divided into three sampling sites, namely upper intertidal, middle intertidal, and lower intertidal. The diversity of gastropods was analyzed using the diversity index and relative abundance. The results showed that 29 species of gastropods which belong to 14 families were found in the southern shores of Pamekasan. The diversity of gastropods in southern shores of Pamekasan was high (the diversity index was 3.0075). The most abundant species was Nassarius distortus, followed by Littoraria scabra and Nassarius leptospirus with relative abundance 11.21%; 9.09%; and 8.03%, respectively found in tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity. This information confirms that the diversity index of gastropods were low, especially found in coastal tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity. Found on the beach that become tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity.
Kualitas Hasil Fermentasi Pada Pembuatan Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Berbahan Baku Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) Fitrihidajati, Herlina; Ratnasari, Evie; -, Isnawati; Soeparno, Gatot
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3540

Abstract

Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm) merupakan gulma perairan yang mengganggu ekosistem. Eceng gondok mengandung protein dan serat kasar yang tinggi. Kandungan serat kasar sulit dicerna, oleh karena itu, eceng gondok perlu diolah menjadi pakan ternak rendah serat kasar dengan cara fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas hasil fermentasi eceng gondok pada berbagai lama waktu fermentasi dan konsentrasi bioaktivator. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi bioaktivator dan lama fermentasi. Variasi konsentrasi ragi tempe sebagai bioaktivator meliputi 0 g/kg (V0), 14 g/kg (V1), 17,5 g/kg (V23), 21 g/kg (V3) dan 24,5 g/kg (V4). Variasi lama fermentasi yaitu 5 hari (L5) dan 10 hari (L10). Selanjutnya, proses fermentasi untuk setiap perlakuan adalah 10 kg Eceng gondok dengan 5 kali ulangan keseluruhan sampela berjumlah 50. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kadar protein, serat kasar dan kandungan energi, serta struktur fisik. Hasil analisis menggunakan Anava dua arah menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan V1L5 (14 g/kg dengan waktu fermentasi 5 hari) menghasilkan kandungan protein kasar 11,09%, kadar serat kasar 21,16% serta kandungan energi 1064,27 Kcal/kg menunjukkan kualitas terbaik. Hasil fermentasi eceng gondok secara fisik berstruktur remahan, berwarna coklat kehitaman, dan berbau khas tempe. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disarankan untuk mengolah eceng gondok menjadi pakan ternak dengan melakukan fermentasi menggunakan ragi tempe 14g/kg berat basah eceng gondok selama 5 hariWater hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm) is an aquatic weed that disrupts the ecosystems. Water hyacinth contains high protein and fiber. However, the content of crude fiber is difficult to be digested; therefore, water hyacinth needs to be transformed into low crude fiber animal feed by fermentation processes. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of fermented hyacinth on various duration of fermentation and various concentration of bioactivator. The study was an experimental study with two treatments, i.e. variation of bioactivator concentration and fermentation duration. The concentration of bioactivator (yeast of tempe) were 0 g/kg (V0), 14 g/kg (V1), 17.5 g/kg (V23), 21 g/kg (V3) and 24.5 g/kg (V4), whereas the duration of fermentation were 5 days (L5) and 10 days (L10). The fermentation process for each treatment was 10 kg Hyacinth with 5 replications; hence the total number of samples was 50. Parameters measured in this study included the levels of protein, crude fiber, energy content and physical structure. The results of the analysis using two-way ANOVA showed that the best quality was resulted from the V1L5 treatment (14 g/kg and the duration of fermentation was 5 days), namely 11.09% crude protein, 21.16% crude fiber content and energy content of 1064.27 Kcal/kg. The physical structure of fermented hyacinth were crumbs, blackish brown, and it had the distinctive smell of tempe. Based on these results it is advised to process water hyacinth into animal feed by fermentation using yeast of tempe 14g/kg wet weight of water hyacinth for 5 days.
Description of Skin Anatomical Structures of Wistar Rats Exposed to X-Rays Radiation -, Lisdiana; Ernawati, Agus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3536

Abstract

The research was aimed to find out a profile of an anatomical structure of the Rattus norvegicus skin after exposed to X-ray radiation. Research was performed by treating the 20 Rattus norvegicus at the age of 1.5 months. The weight rats were weighed approximately 100 13 g grouped into four treatments with different dose of X-ray radiation. The four treatments were 0 mgy (control), 50 mgy, 100 mgy, and 150 mgy X-ray radiation. The variable in this research was a dose of X-ray radiation and the anatomical structure of the rattus norvegicus skin. The data obtained were analyzed with qualitative description. The research results after exposure of X-ray radiation for 5-days showed that there was no damage on the skin macroanatomy. Whereas, the observation in the skin microanatomy showed that there was a damage, e.g. thinning of the epidermis, cell picnosys, cell injury, and hemoragic. The result indicated that the different dose of X-ray radiation affected the skin anatomy structure. The X-ray radiation exposure at 100 mGy on skin microanatomy were caused a thinning of the epidermis in stratum corneum layer, picnosys on the nucleus, cell injury and hemoragic.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran struktur anatomi kulit tikus (Rattus norvegicu) strain Wistar setelah terpapar radiasi sinar-X. Sebanyak 20 ekor tikus umur 1,5 bulan dengan berat badan sekitar 100 13 gram dikelompokkan ke dalam 4 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan dosis radiasi sinar-X sebesar 50 mGy, 100 mGy dan 150 mGy serta 1 kelompok kontrol. Paparan radiasi dilakukan selama 5 hari. Variabel penelitian ini adalah dosis paparan radiasi sinar-X dan struktur anatomi kulit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara makroanatomi kulit tikus tidak terlihat kerusakan, tetapi secara mikroanatomi terdapat kerusakan berupa penipisan epidermis, piknosis sel, jejas sel, dan hemoragik. Hal tersebut dikarenakan besarnya dosis radiasi mempengaruhi terhadap perubahan struktur anatomi kulit. Paparan radiasi sinar-X dosis 100 mGy, menimbulkan kerusakan kulit tikus secara mikroanatomi berupa penipisan epidermis dilapisan stratum korneum, piknosis inti, jejas sel dan hemoragik.
Effectivity of Pedada Fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) Extract to The Level of Sgot and Sgpt in Rat Treated by Paracetamol Induction Lestari, Ratih Devi; Susanti, R
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3541

Abstract

The study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of pedada fruit extract as a hepatoprotector in the experimental rat that fed by toxic dose of paracetamol. The total of 30 white rats (Wistar strain, two months age, and 150-200 g weight) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I (normal control) only given distilled water for 7 days). Group II (negative control) that given distilled water for 7 days and then treated by 270 mg/head single dose of paracetamol. Group III, IV, and V (treatment group) were given a pedada fruit extract at a dose of 28 mg/head/day, 56 mg/head/day, and 84 mg/head/day for 7 days and then treated by 270 mg/head single dose of paracetamol. On the 9th day of treatment, the blood samples were taken and were further measured for its SGOT and SGPT level using photometry enzymatic method. The result of LSD test on SGOT and SGPT data showed that III, IV, and V groups were not significantly different to the group I (p>0.05). However, it significantly different with the group II (p <0.05). Data of SGOT showed that group IV were significantly different (p <0.05) with the group V. Whereas, the data of SGPT among groups III, IV, and V were not significantly different (p>0.05). The result of linier regression test indicated that dose 28 mg/head was the most effective dose. It was concluded that pedada fruit extract was able to provide a hepatoprotective effects in rats that fed by toxic dose of paracetamol and most effective dose as a hepatoprotector was 28mg/head/day.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak buah pedada sebagai hepatorotektor tikus putih yang diberi parasetamol dosis toksik.Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih (strain Wistar jantan berumur dua bulan dengan berat badan 150-200 g) dibagi secara acak dalam lima kelompok.Kelompok I (kontrol normal) diberi aquadest selama tujuh hari.Kelompok II (kontrol negatif),diberi aquadest selama tujuh hari dilanjutkan pemberian parasetamol 270 mg/ekor dosis tunggal.Kelompok III, IV, dan V (kelompok perlakuan) diberi ekstrak buah pedada pada dosis 28 mg/ekor/hari, 56 mg/ekor/hari, dan 84 mg/ekor/hari selama tujuh hari dilanjutkan pemberian parasetamol 270 mg/ekor dosis tunggal. Hari ke-9 darah diambil dan diukur kadar SGOT dan SGPT dengan metode fotometri enzimatik. Hasil uji LSD data SGOT dan SGPT menunjukkan bahwa kelompok III, IV, dan V tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kelompok I (p>0,05), namun berbeda nyata terhadap kelompok II (p<0,05). Data SGOT kelompok IV berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dengan kelompok V. Data SGPT tidak ada perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) antara kelompok III, IV, dan V. Hasil uji regresi linier, dosis 28 mg/ekor adalah dosis paling efektif.Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak buah pedada mampu memberikan efek hepatoprotektor pada tikus yang diberi parasetamol dosis toksik dan dosis yang paling efektif sebagai hepatoprotektor adalah dosis 28 mg/ekor/hari.
Development of Life Skill-Based Learning Instruments: Biotechnology Material in Junior High School Parnonansia, Sekar Jatiningrum; Mustikaningtyas, Dewi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3537

Abstract

The result of preliminary observations in Empu Tantular Semarang junior high school showed that the learning instruments was still focused on the achievement of cognitive competence. The present study aimed to develop a life skill-based learning instruments of biotechnologi material. Learning instruments including syllabi, lesson plans, worksheets, scale attitudes sheets, and vocational skills assessment sheet, as well as to test its feasibility and effectiveness. This study was Research and Development, whereas the trial product design was a One Shot Case Study pattern. Trials of limited scale and large scale were done in the student of class IX at odd semester of year 2014/2015. The results of the three expert assessment of learning instruments showed very feasible criteria to be used. Inter-rater correlation analyzes were performed using the SPSS16 program which obtained a yield of 0.99. It indicated that the inter-rater reliability was exceptionally high. Classical completeness to the cognitive learning, affective and vocational skills of students of class IX A were 92.1%; 97.4%; 92.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of class IX D were 74.4%; 94.9%; 100%, respectively. The percentage of student who reach the level of adherence to the learning ?61% were 100% in class IX A and 87.2% in class IX D. Therefore, the developed learning instrument was fit to be used and also effectively applied in the Empu Tantular Semarang junior high school. Beside of improving student cognitive competence in Empu Tantular Semarang junior high school, development of life skill-based learning instruments can also provide knowledge and skills that can be used so that students can make a positive contribution in later life as a member of the family and society.Hasil Observasi awal di SMP Empu Tantular Semarang, menunjukkan perangkat pembelajaran yang diterapkan masih terfokus pada pencapaian kompetensi kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis kecakapan hidup materi bioteknologi yang meliputi silabus, RPP, LKS, dan instrumen penilaian serta menguji kelayakan dan efektivitasnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D). Desain uji coba produk menggunakan pola One Shot Case Study. Uji coba skala terbatas dan skala luas dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas IX semester gasal tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Hasil penilaian dari ketiga pakar terhadap silabus, RPP, LKS, lembar skala sikap, dan lembar penilaian kecakapan vokasional mencapai kriteria Very Feasible digunakan. Analisis korelasi inter rater yang dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS16 memperoleh hasil sebesar 0,99. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa reliabilitas inter rater/antar penilai tergolong sangat tinggi. Ketuntasan klasikal untuk hasil belajar kognitif, afektif dan kecakapan vokasional dari kelas IX A berturut turut 92,1%; 97,4%; 92,1% dan kelas IX D berturut turut 74,4%; 94,9%; 100%. Persentase jumlah anak yang mencapai tingkat keterlaksanaan pembelajaran ? 61% dari kelas IX A sebesar 100% dan kelas IX D sebesar 87,2%.Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan Very Feasible digunakan dan efektif diterapkan di SMP Empu Tantular Semarang.
Eksplorasi dan Pengamatan Intensitas Serangan Hama Penting Tanaman Tebu di PTPN VII, Cinta Manis Sumatera Selatan Meidalima, Dewi; Kawaty, Ruarita Ramadhalina
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3542

Abstract

Penelitian bertujunan mengamati serangga-serangga hama penting yang menyerang tanaman tebu di PTPN VII, Cinta Manis Sumatera Selatan, dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai September 2012. Metode survei langsung ke pertanaman dengan mengikuti jadual early warning system (EWS) PTPN VII. Hasil penelitian menemukan serangga hama penting tanaman tebu ialah penggerek batang bergaris (Chilo saccharipaghus), penggerek batang berkilat (Chilo auricilius), dan penggerek pucuk (Scirpophaga nivella). Gejala serangan penggerek batang dan pucuk tebu ditemukanpada umur 2 bulan, serangan tinggi pada umur 3-5 bulan, hal ini berkaitan dengan cuaca. Pada saat penelitian dilakukan serangan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Mei sampai Juli, dengan suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan, dan kelembaban nisbi berturut-turut adalah 26,6OC, 245,5 mm, 17 hari dan 98%. Serangan pada tanaman muda, menyebabkan kematian. Pada tanaman yang sudah membentuk ruas, gejala penggerek batang jelas terlihat dari luar jika daun tebu diklentek. Gejala serangan penggerek pucuk terlihat pada helai daun yang berlubang.Intensitas serangan penggerek batang tertinggi pada umur tebu 3 bulan (6,69%), sedangkan intensitas serangan (2,97%) dan populasi penggerek pucuk (44,60 larva) tertinggi pada umur 3,5 bulan.The research aimed to observe the important pest insects attacking sugarcane in PTPN VII, Cinta Manis,South Sumatra. Direct Survey methodto the crop by following the schedule ofearly warning system (EWS) of PTPN VII, conducted from February to September 2012. The results found that important insect pests attacking sugarcane werestriped stem borer (Chilo saccharipaghus), shiny stem borer (Chilo auricilius), and shoot borers (Scirpophaga nivella). Symptoms attack of shotand stemborer of sugarcane were found at 2 months of sugarcane age, high attack at the age of 3-5 months, it is highly related to weather.The highest attack occurred in May and July, with the temperature, precipitation, number of rainy days, and the relative humidity in were 26.6 oC, 245.5 mm, 17 days and 98% respectively. Attack on young plants, causing death. In plants that were already established segments, stem borer symptoms clearly visible from the outside ifsugarcane leaves were diklentek. Shoot borers attack symptoms seen in the perforated leaves. The highest intensity attackof stem borer was at 3 months of sugarcane age (6.69%), while the attack intensity (2.97%) and the highestpopulation of shoot borer(44.60 larvae) were at3.5 months of sugarcane age.
Kajian Kualitatif Kemelimpahan Spesies Burung di Hutan Pegunungan Telaga Bodas, Garut, Jawa Barat Widodo, Wahyu
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3533

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melengkapi list spesies burung-burung penetap di hutan pegunungan Jawa Barat dan mengkaji secara kualitatif kemelimpahan dari keragamannya di salah satu hulu DAS Citandui, yaitu di hutan Telaga Bodas, Garut, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian menggunakan TSCs (Time Score Counts), yang dilakukan pada 25-29 April 2014. Sebanyak 51 spesies burung ditemukan di hutan Telaga Bodas. Diantaranya, sepuluh spesies memiliki rata-rata skor kemelimpahan tinggi, yaitu: Collocalia linchi (5.82), Halcyon cyanoventris (4), Pycnonotus aurigaster (3.73), Cacomantis merulinus (3.27), Zosterops palpebrosus (2.91), Orthotomus sutorius (2.82), Tesia superciliaris (2.63), Pycnonotus goiavier (2.55), Lanius schach (2.45) dan Lonchura leucogastroides (2.27). Hasil komparasi indeks kesamaan spesies burung di beberapa DAS Citandui menunjukkan nilai tertinggi terjadi antara komunitas burung di Telaga Bodas vs G. Sawal, yaitu IS=62.3%. Sementara itu, indeks kesamaan spesies burung di G. Telaga Bodas vs G. Geder terendah, yaitu IS=39.25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan hutan di wilayah hulu DAS Citandui sangat kaya dengan spesies burung, 35 dari 108 spesies burung hanya tersebar terbatas, endemik dan migran di hutan pegunungan Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan kawasan hutan pegunungan di Jawa Barat diperlukan langkah bijak pemerintah untuk mencegah perambahan dan alih fungsi hutan menjadi lahan produksi oleh masyarakat, apabila tidak ingin kehilangan fungsinya.The purpose of this research was to compile the list of the resident bird species in the West Java mountain forests and to examine the abundance of their diversities qualitatively in the one of Citandui Riverine Basin, i.e. the Mts.Telaga Bodas forest, Garut, West Java Province. TSCs (Time Score Counts) method was used to record the birds abundance during 25 to 29 April, 2014. At least, 51 species of birds were recorded in the Telaga Bodas forests. There were 10 species of birds found more abundant qualitatively, namely: Collocalia linchi (5.82), Halcyon cyanoventris (4), Pycnonotus aurigaster (3.73), Cacomantis merulinus (3.27), Zosterops palpebrosus (2.91), Orthotomus sutorius (2.82), Tesia superciliaris (2.63), Pycnonotus goiavier (2.55), Lanius schach (2.45) andLonchura leucogastroides (2.27). According to the result of similarities index comparation, of birds species (SI), itknown that birds comunities in the Mt.Telaga Bodas vs Mt.Sawal were highest, i.e.. SI=62.3%, and then between Mt.Telaga Bodas vs G.Geder were lowest, i.e.SI=39.25%. The results also showed that the coverage forests in the above of Citandui Riverine Basin were still rich species of birds, and 35 of 108 list species of birds were restricted, endemic and migratory species in the West Java mountain forests. Therefore, a proper management of the West Java mountain forests is needed to prevents encroachment and conversion of forest to production by people, if the government doesnt want to lose its function.
Development of In Vitro Conservation Medium of Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch through Nutrients Concentration Reduction and Osmoregulator Addition Rahayu, Enni Suwarsi; Habibah, Noor Aini; Herlina, Lina
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3538

Abstract

Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch is a rare species that need to be conserved. The research aim was to develop a slow growth method of in vitro conservation medium through determining some effects of nutrition decreasing availability in the conservation medium on growth and survival of explants. Establishing epicotyls reached from in vitro seed germination was grown on diluted basic medium of 75% MS (Murashige and Skoog), 50% MS, 25% MS, while osmoregulator compound of mannitol and sorbitol was added to the full MS medium in several concentrations. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The epicotyls were grown at storage medium for 12 and 16 weeks, then their survival were evaluated at regeneration medium and rooting medium. The diluted basic medium and osmoregulator addition were evaluated for its influence in retarding the culture growth in terms of improved survival over the period of 16 weeks. Data analyzed by one way analysis of variance and Duncans multiple range test. The results showed that the decreasing of nutrition concentration suppressed the growth of the epicotyls until 16 weeks after conservation. Epicotyls taken from 16 weeks after conservation could grow on the regeneration medium. The best survival was shown by the 75% MS, 50% MS and supplementing of 20 g/l mannitol treatments. Based on these results, 50% MS medium is recommended for storage C. pubescens for 16 weeks with no sub-culture.Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch (karika dieng) merupakan tanaman yang langka sehingga perlu dilestarikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh medium penyimpanan in vitro dengan teknik pertumbuhan minimal dengan mengamati pengaruh penurunan ketersediaan nutrisi dalam medium terhadap penurunan pertumbuhan dan daya tumbuh eksplan.Eksplan berupa epikotil kecambah in vitro. Perlakuan penurunan ketersediaan nutrisi dilakukan melalui reduksi konsentrasi nutrisi dari medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) dan penambahan osmoregulator (manitol dan sorbitol) dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Epikotil dipelihara dalam medium penyimpanan selama 12 dan 16 minggu, kemudian dievaluasi daya tumbuhnya dengan memelihara dalam medium regenerasi dan medium pengakaran. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians satu arah dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kecepatan penyerapan nutrisi berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan. Epikotil yang telah disimpan selama 12 minggu dan 16 minggu dan ditumbuhkan kembali pada medium regenerasi masih dapat tumbuh dengan intensitas tertinggi pada perlakuan pengenceran 50% MS dan 75% MS, serta penambahan manitol 20 g/l. Komposisi medium ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penyimpanan karika dieng selama 16 minggu tanpa sub-kultur. Konsentrasi medium MS 50% direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam penyimpanan C. pubescens selama 16 minggu tanpa sub-kultur.

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