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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008" : 8 Documents clear

Application of Deep Sea Water for Multi-Trusses Cultivation of Tomato Using A Nutrient Film Technique YUDI CHADIRIN; TAKAHISA MATSUOKA; HERRY SUHARDIYANTO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Deep sea water (DSW) that was applied to 3 trusses of cultivated tomato for 2 weeks affected fruits properties. However, advantageous effects on the soluble solids content, acidity, and dry matter content of the fruit tend to decline from 1st truss to the successive trusses. Thus it is necessary to study the effect of DSW application when it is applied for longer than 2 weeks in cultivated multi-trusses. In this study, DSW treatment was applied for different durations to obtain effect on fruits development and fruit properties of the 1st to 3rd truss in a 3 truss tomato cultivation system using a nutrient film technique. The results of the study show that DSW treatment has strong effect on fruit enlargement during the stage of rapid fruit growth, which lasts until the fruit almost reaches the final size. Treated plants produced tomatoes with better organoleptic with higher soluble solids content and higher acidity, higher dry matter content, a thicker and more resistant cuticle and also gave higher yields (weight and no of fruits) than in single truss tomato cultivation. Key words: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), deep sea water, fruit development, fruit properties, multi-trusses cultivation, nutrient film technique

Mode of Action Temu Kunci (Kaempferia pandurata) Essential Oil on E. coli K1.1 Cell Determined by Leakage of Material Cell and Salt Tolerance Assays MIKSUSANTI MIKSUSANTI; BETTY SRI LAKSMI JENIE; BAMBANG PONTJO PRIOSOERYANTO; RIZAL SYARIEF; GATOT TRIMULYADI REKSO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The essential oil of Kaempferia pandurata consist of terpen and oxygenated terpen that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s mode of action against the gram-negative bacterium E. coli K1.1 has been investigated using a range of treatments. The mode action of the essential oil were analyzed by itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to leakage E. coli K1.1 cell, to change permeability of the cell, and to alter salt tolerance of the cell. Ion leakage from the cell were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Salt tolerance assays was conducted by investigating the ability of E. coli K1.1 treated with temu kunci essential oil to grow on NA supplemented with NaCl. Protein and acid nucleic leakage were analyzed by UV spectrophotometer. There were inorganic compound leakage (potassium, calcium ion) and organic compound leakage (nucleic acid, protein) from cytoplasmic membrane, after exposing this organism to essential oil of Kaempferia pandurata. The more concentration of oil added, the more leakage was observed due to the loss of absorbing material such as nucleic acid (260 nm) and protein (280 nm), the loss of potassium and calcium ion, and loss of the salt tolerance of E. coli K1.1. Key words: essential oil, E. coli K1.1, leakage, salt tolerance assay

Optimizing Angkak Pigments and Lovastatin Production By Monascus purpureus HASIM DANURI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Angkak pigments and lovastatin had been reported very useful as natural coloring agents, as an agent to increase thrombocyte level in Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and also as a compound that was able to control blood cholesterol level. Three strains of fungus Monascus purpureus AKI, AKII, and 915 were selected to produce angkak pigments and lovastatin in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The best fungus strain, which is AKII, was then applied in three kinds of rice media (white rice IR-42, red rice BP-1804-IF-9, and a combination of 1:1 (w/w) white IR-42 and red rice BP-1804-IF-9 for solid fermentation. The best medium and fermentation times were determined for the production of angkak pigments and lovastatin separately. Results showed that strains, media, and duration of fermentations gave significant effect on the amount of pigment produced. Strain AKII produced highest concentration of angkak pigments. The combination of rice (White IR-42 and red rice BP-1804-IF-9) produced the highest pigment than the individual white and red rie it self. The optimum duration of fermentation was 16 days for strains AKI and AKII, but only 15 days for strain 915. Therefore the strain AKII with media combination of rice and a fermentation time of 16 days were used to investigate the additional effect of various minerals. Addition of the mineral individually gave significant increased on angkak pigment production by AKII, where as the addition of minerals mixture in the forth tube did not. Key words: angkak, pigments, lovastatin, monascus purpureus

Leaf Damaged by Nymph of Cardiaspina albitextura and Cardiaspina retator (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) NISMAH NISMAH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cardispina (Hemiptera: Pshyllidae) is one of the most important genera of the Australian Psyllidae, owing to the spectacular damage to Eucalyptus spp. The increase of C. albitextura and C. retator populations in high numbers caused severe damage on leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Both species have similarities, i.e. they occur on the same host plant and prefer mature leaves of E. camaldulensis for oviposition and feeding sites. They might thus be more likely to show competition than the less closely related taxa. The purpose of the study was to examine degree of the resource use by measuring the area of leaves damaged by the nymphs of C. albitextura and C. retator. The results indicated that the nymph of C. retator caused damage twice more damages than that of C. albitextura. The leaves area damaged by the females of both species was greater than that by the males. Key words: Cardiaspina, albitextura, retator, leaf, damage, nymph

Characterization of Extracellular Penicilin G Acylase Produced by A New Local Strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 SUPARTONO SUPARTONO; ENNY RATNANINGSIH; SADIJAH ACHMAD; OEI BAN LIANG
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) which catalyses penicillin G hydrolysis reaction is a key enzyme for the industrial production of penicilin G derivatives used in therapeutics. A new local strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 was found capable of producing extracellular PGA. However, characteristics of this extracellular PGA are not known. The goal of this research was to characterize the extracellular PGA produced by B. subtilis BAC4. Enzyme production was carried out by batch fermentation, followed by enzyme purification and characterization of the PGA. The PGA activity was determined by the Kornfeld method, with optimal activity for hydrolysing penicillin G observed at 43 oC and pH 8.5. The activation energy of penicillin G hydrolysis by the PGA of B. subtilis BAC4 was determined as 4.9 kcal.mol-1 and Vmax and Km values were found to be 0.7 Ã‚Âµmole.min-1.mg-1 and 3.5 mM respectively. PGA catalytic activity was competitively inhibited by phenylacetic acid with an inhibition constant, Ki(PAA) , of 347.2 mM. It was concluded that the extracellular PGA of B. subtilis BAC4 can hydrolyse penicillin G efficiently. Key words: PGA, extracellular, Bacillus, local

Ants in Tropical Urban Habitats: The Myrmecofauna in a Densely Populated Area of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia AKHMAD RIZALI; MERIJN MARINUS BOS; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; SEIKI YAMANE; CHRISTIAN HANSJOACHIM SCHULZE
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Ants are the most abundant animals in tropical habitats and have been widely studied in natural and semi-natural tropical systems. However, species in urban tropical habitats remain poorly studied, despite their abundance and potentially important roles in urban ecosystems and pest dynamics. We investigated the ant fauna of Bogor and its surroundings to contribute to the characterization of the myrmecofauna of one of Southeast AsiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s most densely populated regions. Ants were collected both by hand collection and from honey baits in the most common habitats: garbage dumps, households, and home gardens. In total, 94 species were recorded, over two thirds of which occurred in home gardens, which underlines the importance of vegetated habitats for urban planning to support complex ant assemblages. Twelve sampled species are well-known as tramp species that occur primarily in human-dominated landscapes. The two tramp species Anoplolepis gracilipes and Paratrechina longicornis dominated ant assemblages in all locations and most habitat types. The assemblages of tramp species were affected by habitat type, whereas that of non tramp species were not. Forty-five species were also recorded in the Bogor Botanical Garden and five species are also known to be common in cacao agroforests. Hence, research in urban tropical habitats can increase our knowledge of the occurrence of ant species, allowing us to better assess the biodiversity and conservation potential of semi-natural habitats. Key words: ants, tramp species, invasive species, biotic homogenization, urban habitats

Relationship Between Chemical Component and In Vitro Digestibility of Tropical Grasses PRAPTI MAHYUDDIN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Fifty samples of leaf and stem of Sorghum stipodeum, Themeda australis, Iseilema vaginiflorum, Brachyacne convergens, and Dicanthium fecundum with different stage of maturity were used to study the relationship between their chemical components and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The IVDMD was performed by two stage of digestion; the first stage was digestion in rumen inoculum and the second stage was digestion of protein using neutral detergent solution. The relationship between chemical components and IVDMD was analysed using regression method. There was a negative correlation between fiber component [neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin] and a positive correlation between water soluble extract (WSE) or crude protein with IVDMD. Water soluble extract was the best predictor of IVDMD with r = 0.71 and residual standard deviation of 8.4 unit. Since the method of WSE is simple and inexpensive, it can be used as a predictor of dry matter digestibility of most forages. Although there were large variation exist among the species, however, the stage of maturity was an important factor affecting IVDMD showed in four out of five species tested. In two of the five species measured, the IVDMD were higher in leaf than that in stem. Key words: in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), chemical component, forage quality, maturity

Phosphate Solubilising Fungi from Mangroves of Bhitarkanika, Orissa NIBHA GUPTA; SARITA JAYANTI DAS
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008): June 2008
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Mangroves have evolved several adaptations to swampy and saline environments. It is situated at the inter-phase between marine and terrestrial environment, which is highly productive providing nutrients to surrounding micro biota. Similar adaptive characteristics in the form and function may occur with the associated microflora in such environments. Several free living and symbiotic microorganisms occurred in such saline habitats and some of them are reported for their beneficial activity in mangrove ecosystem like biomineralization of organic matter and bio-transformation of minerals. In view of this, 106 fungi isolated from rhizosphere and phyllosphere of mangrove plants grown in Bhitarkanika, Orissa were screened on plate culture containing Pikovaskaya medium for the phosphate solubilization. Selected fungi were evaluated for their phosphate solubilization potential under different cultural conditions. A total of 36 fungi were isolated that showed variable halo zone on medium containing tricalcium phosphate when grown under different pH and temperature. The highest zone was formed by Aspergillus PF8 (63 mm) and Aspergillus PF127 (46.5 mm). The observation on tricalcium phosphate solubilization activity of Paecilomyces, Cladobotrytis, Helminthosporium is rare. However, a detailed and elaborative studies are needed to confirm better mineral solubilization potential of these fungi. Key words: mangrove, fungi, phosphate

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