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INDONESIA
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
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Articles 23 Documents
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Penyakit Daun Phyllosticta dan Penyakit Layu pada Cengkeh di Daerah Lampung A. Hidir Sastraatmadja; Sugiharso Sastrosuwignyo; R.A. Toerngadi
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 3 (1979): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

Sejak tahun 1977 di Kecamatan Pekalongan, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah telah timbul penyakit daun pada cengkeh yang cukup mengkhawatirkan, karena dapat mengakibatkan gugur daun dan tanaman mati sebelum waktunya. Penyakit ini pernah ditemukan juga di Bengkulu dan Bogor.Di desa Atarlebar, Kecamatan Wonosobo, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, lebih kurang 80% dari 106.000 pohon cengkeh telah mati akibat penyakit layu.Hasil pemeriksaan di lapang dan di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa Phyllosticta sp. selalu berasosiasi dengan bercak-bercak pada daun cengkeh di Pekalongan, sedangkan bakteri Pseudomonas solanacearum ditemukan pada akar tanaman sakit di Atarlebar. Penyakit layu yang sama ditemukan pula di SumateraBarat dan di Bogor
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic structure developed by the roots of plants and fungal mycelia. These mycorrhizae are often necessary for the growth of forest trees. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the application of nitrogen and phosporus on the development of mycorrhizae in pinus merkusii. Andosol, collected in puncak, and latosol, collected in Darmaga, were used in this experiment. A seedling, transplanted into a pot containing 490 gr of dried soil, served as an experimental uni Chairil Anwar; Soetrisno Hadi; Sukandar Djokosuhardjo
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 3 (1979): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic structure developed by the roots of plants and fungal mycelia. These mycorrhizae are often necessary for the growth of forest trees. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the application of nitrogen and phosporus on the development of mycorrhizae in pinus merkusii. Andosol, collected in puncak, and latosol, collected in Darmaga, were used in this experiment. A seedling, transplanted into a pot containing 490 gr of dried soil, served as an experimental unit. Nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) was applied at o ppm, 60 ppm, 120 ppm,
A number of legume species were inoculated with Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. the causal agent of soybean rust. The species showing rust symptom were Pachyrhizus erosus, Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max var. si Nyonya, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris (green bean), P. radiatus (mung bean), P. aureus, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna umbellata and Calopogonium mucunoides. Meity Sinaga
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 3 (1979): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

A number of legume species were inoculated with Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. the causal agent of soybean rust. The species showing rust symptom were Pachyrhizus erosus, Crotalaria juncea, Glycine max var. si Nyonya, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris (green bean), P. radiatus (mung bean), P. aureus, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna umbellata and Calopogonium mucunoides.
TKV-0 was identifled as the causal agent of a disease of Aranda Wendy Scott in Jakarta. Bioasssay showed that the virus prduced 10-1 lesirms m Cassia occidentalis, Chenopodium amzranticolor, Gornphrena ~l obosa , and Nicotiana glutinoaa . Observation of the "dig methoda preparation of diseaaed plant sap under the electron microscope indicated that the virus particles were rod-shaped and right with a length of about 300 mm. Rusmilah Hari Suseno
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 3 (1979): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
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Abstract

TKV-0 was identifled as the causal agent of a disease of Aranda Wendy Scott in Jakarta. Bioasssay showed that the virus prduced 10-1 lesirms m Cassia occidentalis, Chenopodium amzranticolor, Gornphrena ~l obosa , and Nicotiana glutinoaa . Observation of the "dig methoda preparation of diseaaed plant sap under the electron microscope indicated that the virus particles were rod-shaped and right with a length of about 300 mm.
The tidal swamp lands in Indonesia are potential areas for increasing food production especially rice. About 250.000 hectares of the swampy areas in suamtra and Kalimantan have been developed for rice production. Tidal swamp land has many interconnecting natural habitats wgich are economically and scientifically important. Agronomic activities in rice fields might have detrimental effects on other habitats. Therefore, agrochemicals especially pesticides for pest control, have to be carefully app Uha Saharja Satari; Soemartono Sosromarsono
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 3 (1979): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

The tidal swamp lands in Indonesia are potential areas for increasing food production especially rice. About 250.000 hectares of the swampy areas in suamtra and Kalimantan have been developed for rice production. Tidal swamp land has many interconnecting natural habitats wgich are economically and scientifically important. Agronomic activities in rice fields might have detrimental effects on other habitats. Therefore, agrochemicals especially pesticides for pest control, have to be carefully applied based on sound ecological approach. A Kind of pest management model is presented which consits of compatible combination of cultural control, use of resistant varieties, sanitation, and chemical control with environmentally least toxic pesticides if it is needed base on pest population count.
A survey on the· occurrence of downy mildew and fusarium wilt on melon was conducted in Bogor and Sukabumi regions, from May 1983 to December 1984, which comprise of one wet season and one dry season. The areas surveyed were melon plantations in the districts of Cisarua, Cipayung, Ciawi, Caringin (Bogor region) and Parungkuda(Sukabumi region). The two diseases are considered as an important factor in melon production, because it could cause heavy losses. It was found that all farmer in the areas A. Muin Adnan
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan No. 5 (1986): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
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Abstract

A survey on the· occurrence of downy mildew and fusarium wilt on melon was conducted in Bogor and Sukabumi regions, from May 1983 to December 1984, which comprise of one wet season and one dry season. The areas surveyed were melon plantations in the districts of Cisarua, Cipayung, Ciawi, Caringin (Bogor region) and Parungkuda(Sukabumi region). The two diseases are considered as an important factor in melon production, because it could cause heavy losses. It was found that all farmer in the areas surveyed planted the same variety, Sky Rocket 221, which was imported from Taiwan. The average infection intensities of downy mildew in the areas surveyed were not significantly different in both seasons, i.e., 24.56% in the wet season and 20.40% in the dry season. However, the average infection intensity of fusarium wilt was higher in the dry season (6.47%) than in the wet season (0.58%). The possible causes of the infection differences are discussed.
Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out during April-October 1996 to investigate the response of three soybean varieties to the combined infestation ofMeloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and three root-gall nematode colonizing fungi (MCF). The experiments were done in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments in laboratory test were combination of three soybean varieties, i.e. Black soybean (VI)' Wilis (V z) and Lokon (V,J, t A. Muin Adnan; R. Suseno; S. Tjitrosoma; S. Radi; S. Wardojo; A. Rambe
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 10 No. 1 (1998): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out during April-October 1996 to investigate the response of three soybean varieties to the combined infestation ofMeloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood and three root-gall nematode colonizing fungi (MCF). The experiments were done in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments in laboratory test were combination of three soybean varieties, i.e. Black soybean (VI)' Wilis (V z) and Lokon (V,J, two initial population densities of M. incognita, i.e. 0 and 300/200 ml growth medium, and three MCF species, i.e. Paecilomyces sp., Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma viride. The greenhouse treatments were the combination of three soybean varieties (Vb V2, V3), three initial population densities ofM. incognita (0, 1000, and 2000/4 I growth medium), and three MCF species. Result of laboratory tests showed that the combination ofM. incognita and three MCF species significantly reduced the damage levelofM. incognita and root weight loss. Reduction of shoot weight loss occurred only in slightly resistant and susceptible varieties in combination with PaeciIomyces sp. and G. catenulatum. Combination ofT. viride and M. incognita on three soybean varieties showed synergistic interaction. Result of greenhouse tests showed that all of the MCF isolates significantly reduced the damage level and the final population ofM. incognita. However, only Paecilomyces sp. could reduce the root weight loss, relative plant growth rate, and harvested seeds. These reducing effects were achieved on Lokon variety only, that is susceptible to M. incognita. There was no synergistic interaction between M. incognita and T. viride in the greenhouse test, even though the root colonization frequency of Trichoderma sp. on the susceptible variety was rather high.
The research was conducted in sub-district of Ciledug (Cirebon) with the objectives to study the infexiation and larvaal population development id onion armyworm. Spodoptera exigua (Habner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on shallots grown in lowland. Monitoring of egg masses and leaf damage were made at 3-4 days internal while of larvae at 1 week internal. Outbreak took place during the dry season of August-October 1995 when population density reached 0.8 egg mass and 23 larvae per hill, and subseque Aunu Rauf
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

The research was conducted in sub-district of Ciledug (Cirebon) with the objectives to study the infexiation and larvaal population development id onion armyworm. Spodoptera exigua (Habner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on shallots grown in lowland. Monitoring of egg masses and leaf damage were made at 3-4 days internal while of larvae at 1 week internal. Outbreak took place during the dry season of August-October 1995 when population density reached 0.8 egg mass and 23 larvae per hill, and subsequently all hills were heavily damaged. Throughout the rainy season of December 1995-February 1996, egg masses and larvae were difficult to find. Result of hand-picking showed that larval population during dry season was 78 times higher than those of rainy season. Larvae exhibited body color vartations. During the epidemics 80 percent of the larvae were dark whereas,during the endemics only 10 percent, the rest were light green. Level of egg parasitization was 0,9 percent coused by Tricogramma xp. (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae) and telenomus sp. (hy menoptera; sceltonidae ), and larval parasitization 5.7 percent coused by Microplitis sp. (Hymenoptera; Braconidae), Euplectrus sp. and stenomesius sp (Hymeno[tera; Eulophidae), and Peribaea sp. (Diptera; Tachinidae). Low level of parasitization together with the abundance of food supply and dry season were believed to be the main foctors contributing to the population outbreaks. Hand-picking of egg masses and larvae conducted regularly, as practiced by the farmer group in the village of Dukuh wringin (Brebes(, should be adopted as a key activity for mitigating S. exigua infestation during dry season; and therefore, this practice should disseminated to farmers in other areas.
Geminivirus infecting pepper: symptom variation and transmission study Infection of geminiviruses has been reported to cause signz3cantyield loss on various crops. Polymerase chain reaction was able to detect geminivirus infection on pepper samples around Bogor and Cipanas, West Java. Symptom variation and transmission of the geminivirus infectingpepper was studied using five solanaceae plants with three dzgerent transmission mannec i.e. mechanical inoculation, side grafirng, and insect vector. Eliza S. Rusli; Sri H. Hidayat; Rusmilah Suseno; Budi Tjahjono
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 1 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
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Abstract

Geminivirus infecting pepper: symptom variation and transmission study Infection of geminiviruses has been reported to cause signz3cantyield loss on various crops. Polymerase chain reaction was able to detect geminivirus infection on pepper samples around Bogor and Cipanas, West Java. Symptom variation and transmission of the geminivirus infectingpepper was studied using five solanaceae plants with three dzgerent transmission mannec i.e. mechanical inoculation, side grafirng, and insect vector. The transmission study showed that mechanical inoculation was not able to transmit the eminivirus, while side grafting and insect vector, Bemisia tabaci, caused infection with symptoms varies from yellow mosaic, leaf curl leaf distortion, to stunting of the plant. Higher infection was observed on pepper var. Hot Chilli through B. tabaci (8009) and side grafting (71.4%) than those on chilli pepper and tomato. DNA fiagment of - 1.7 kb was amplified wing PCRfim those plants showing symptoms, but no DNA fiagment was observedfrom symptomless eggplant and tobacco var. White Burley. Thus it can be concluded that the last two kina3 ofplants were resistant to the geminivirus infectingpepper.
It has been known that phytoplasma inducing witches broom disease can infect various kind of leguminous plants in Indonesia, among others soybean. Information on the resistance of various kind of soybean varieties to the phytoplasma is still limited. Experiments were conducted to eveluate the resistance of ten soybean varieties/lines to the phytoplasma. The evaluation was carried out by inoculation method through Orosius argentatus Evans, with two days of acquisition feeding period, ten days lat Asniwita Asniwita; Rusmilah Suseno; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Budi Tjahjono
Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Vol. 11 No. 2 (1999): Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Publisher : Buletin Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

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Abstract

It has been known that phytoplasma inducing witches broom disease can infect various kind of leguminous plants in Indonesia, among others soybean. Information on the resistance of various kind of soybean varieties to the phytoplasma is still limited. Experiments were conducted to eveluate the resistance of ten soybean varieties/lines to the phytoplasma. The evaluation was carried out by inoculation method through Orosius argentatus Evans, with two days of acquisition feeding period, ten days latent period and two days inoculation feeding period. Observation was conducted on the presence of phytoplasma, incubation period, symptom and number & weight of seed. The result indicated that line Malang 3474 was resistant, Sindiro and Sriono were tolerant, while the other tested varieties/lines, i.e. Galunggung, Orba, Ringgit, Wilis, Malang 2999, Malang 2805 and Sicinang were susceptible

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