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INDONESIA
Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 14124734     EISSN : 24078646     DOI : 10.15408
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Focus and Scope FOCUS This journal focused on Islamic Studies and present developments through the publication of articles and research reports. SCOPE Ahkam specializes on islamic law, and is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Fatwa; Islamic Economic Law; Islamic Family Law; Islamic Legal Administration; Islamic Jurisprudence; Islamic Law and Politics; Islamic Legal and Judicial Education; Comparative Islamic Law; Islamic Law and Gender; Islamic Law and Contemporary Issues; Islamic Law and Society; Islamic Criminal Law
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 287 Documents
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Transformation of Down Payment in Sharia Financing in Indonesia Based on Buying and Selling ‘Urbūn and Ḥāmish Jiddiyyah Hasanudin Hasanudin
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.31924

Abstract

Down payment is commonly practiced in society. Islamic law recognizes the concepts of ‘urbūn and ḥāmish jiddiyyah, which have a similar meaning to a down payment. However, the concepts of customary law and Islamic law are somewhat different. There are differences in ulama’s opinions concerning the permissibility of a down payment. This article aims to analyse the correlation between the concepts of down payment, ‘urbūn, ḥāmish jiddiyyah, and the legal status of a down payment in Islamic law. Using a normative legal approach, this topic is is examined by considering the uṣūl al-fiqh-based views of the classical and contemporary ulama. This study shows that scholarly debate about down payments starts from the ownership status of the money and the impact when the sale and purchase are canceled. Besides, the aspect of its prohibition and benefit are intertwined. Contemporary fatwas allow the practice of down payment with the consideration of modern needs and maṣlaḥah. This finding implies that down payment will become more widespread among the public and the Islamic finance sector. Therefore, A monitoring scheme is needed to avoid the violation of sharia in down payment implementation. Abstrak: Uang panjer lumrah dipraktikkan di masyarakat. Hukum Islam mengenal konsep ‘urbūn dan ḥāmish jiddiyyah yang memiliki kemiripan makna dengan uang panjer. Namun konsep hukum adat dan hukum Islam tersebut tidak seluruhnya sama. Ada perbedaan dan status hukumnya pun berbeda di kalangan ulama. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi konsep uang panjer dan ‘urbūn dan ḥāmish jiddiyyah dan status hukum uang panjer dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Dengan metode pendekatan hukum normatif, tema ini dikaji dengan mempertimbangkan pandangan fikih yang dicetuskan ulama masa lalu dan kontemporer serta mempertimbangkan pertimbang ushul fikih. Hasilnya, perdebatan ulama tentang uang panjer berawal dari status kepemilikan uang tersebut dan dampaknya ketika jual beli batal dilakukan. Di sisi lain, sisi keharaman dan kemaslahatan saling berkelindan. Fatwa kontemporer mengambil pendapat boleh dengan pertimbangan kemaslahatan dan kebutuhan modern. Implikasi dari temuan ini, penggunaan uang panjer akan semakin luas di kalangan masyarakat dan sektor keuangan syariah. Diperlukan skema pengawasan agar praktik uang panjer tersebut tidak melanggar ketentuan syariah.
The Position of Non-Muslims in the Implementation of Islamic Law in Aceh, Indonesia Mursyid Djawas; Andi Sugirman; Bukhari Ali; Muqni Affan; Idham Idham
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32127

Abstract

The position of non-Muslims living alongside Muslims is evident in the history of Islamic law. Since the time of the Prophet, Companions and governments after non-Muslims lived peacefully and were protected. However, when Muslim countries formed nation-states, several problems arose, including their position as citizens, including in Indonesia, especially in Aceh, which formally applied Islamic law. This study is an empirical legal study that examines the implementation of Islamic law in society by using legal and political theory. The data used is a literature study examining several Sharia courts' decisions in Aceh; Banda Aceh, Sabang, Meulaboh, Kutacane, Takengon, and Singkil. This study concludes that non-Muslims chose to concentrate after implementing the Islamic shari'a qanun. According to them, Qanun Jinayat is more efficient, affordable, effective, and quick in resolving problems. It has been proven in several cases, such as maysir, khalwat (ikhtilāṭ), khamr, and sexual harassment. Therefore, in legal politics, Islamic sharia and Qanun Jinayat, born from a democratic legal configuration, give birth to laws that are fair and equal and do not discriminate against non- Muslims. In several cases above, non-Muslims voluntarily chose to devote themselves to Islamic law.  Abstrak: Kedudukan non-Muslim yang hidup berdampingan dengan umat Islam sejatinya sudah jelas dalam sejarah hukum Islam. Sejak masa Nabi, Sahabat dan pemerintahan sesudah non muslim hidup secara damai dan dilindungi. Namun demikian ketika negera-negara Muslim membentuk sebagai negara bangsa timbul beberapa persoalan, diantaranya kedudukannya sebagai warga negara, termasuk di Indonesia, apalagi di Aceh yang menerapkan hukum Islam secara formal. Kajian ini merupakan studi hukum empiris yakni menelaah implementasi hukum Islam dalam masyarakat dengan menggunakan teori politik hukum. Data yang digunakan adalah studi literature dan menelaah beberapa putusan mahkamah syariat di Aceh; Banda Aceh, Sabang, Meulaboh, Kutacane, Takengon dan Singkil. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pasca penerapan qanun syariat Islam, non muslim justru memilih untuk me- nundukkan diri. Menurut mereka, Qanun Jinayat lebih efisien, terjangkau, efektif, dan cepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Terbukti dalam beberapa kasus seperti maisir, khalwat (ikhtilāṭ), khamar, dan pelecehan seksual. Karena itu, dalam konteks politik hukum, syariat Islam dan qanun jinayat yang lahir dari konfigurasi hukum yang demokratis melahirkan hukum yang adil dan setara tidak diskriminatif termasuk kepada non-Muslim. Non-muslim pada sejumlah kasus di atas, memilih untuk menundukkan diri kepada syariat Islam secara sukarela.  
Resistance to Child Marriage Prevention in Indonesia and Malaysia Siti Musawwamah; Muhammad Taufiq; Erie Hariyanto; Umi Supraptiningsih; Maimun Maimun
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32014

Abstract

Ending child marriage is a global strategy to protect children’s rights. However, in some places, this agenda faces resistance. This study explores public resistance to child marriage prevention efforts in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study employs a comparative legal approach between Indonesia and Malaysia by comparing laws and regulations in both countries and the public response to them. It is found that three social factors cause the resistance against child marriage prevention in Indonesia and Malaysia. These are the desacralization of law; failure of negotiation between sharia and legal culture; and the synergy disfunction between the government, society and religious leaders. A deep understanding of these factors is important to formulate a more effective strategy to protect children from harmful child marriage practices.  Abstrak: Mengakhiri perkawinan anak adalah strategi global yang bertujuan untuk melindungi hak-hak anak. Namun, upaya ini seringkali menghadapi resistensi dalam beberapa masyarakat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi resistensi yang terjadi dalam masyarakat terhadap upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Pendekatan hukum komparatif digunakan dalam studi ini dengan membandingkan peraturan perundang-undangan di kedua negara dan merujuk pada respon masyarakat terhadapnya. Dalam penelitian ini, tiga faktor sosial yang menjadi penyebab utama penolakan terhadap pencegahan perkawinan anak di Indonesia dan Malaysia diidentifikasi. Faktor-faktor ini meliputi desakralisasi hukum, kegagalan negosiasi antara syariah dan budaya hukum, serta adanya disfungsi sinergis antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan tokoh agama. Pemahaman yang mendalam tentang faktor- faktor ini sangat penting untuk merumuskan strategi yang lebih efektif dalam melindungi anak-anak dari praktik perkawinan anak yang merugikan. 
Kaweng Turung: The Absence of State's Role in Harmful Marriage Tradition Ahmad Rajafi; Ressi Susanti
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.26358

Abstract

This research discusses the practice of marriage in the Mongondow Muslim tradition in Indonesia, called kaweng turung. One of the problems in this tradition is related to the legal issue as, after the marriage contract, the husband must leave the wife without official divorce status. This study is based on fieldwork in Mongondow, North Sulawesi Province, involving interviews with the local leaders. It is found that the kaweng turung was not rooted in the ancient tradition of the Mongondow society. The practice has emerged currently as the result of globalization. The term kaweng turung comes from the daily dialect in Manado City. Despite the problem in its practice, the traditional institutions tend to passively follow it by formalizing the marriage. This study proposes that there is a need for a synergy between the State, the regional Ministry of Religious Affairs, and traditional institutions to prevent the practice of kaweng turung. One of the ways is through massive, systematic, and structured pre-marital education.  Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang praktik perkawinan dalam tradisi Muslim Mongondow di Indonesia yang disebut kaweng turung. Salah satu permasalahan dalam tradisi ini adalah terkait masalah hukum, yaitu setelah akad nikah, suami harus meninggalkan istri tanpa status cerai resmi. Studi ini didasarkan pada kerja lapangan di Mongondow, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, yang melibatkan wawancara dengan para pemimpin setempat. Penelitian in menmukan bahwa kaweng turung tidak berakar pada tradisi kuno masyarakat Mongondow. Praktik tersebut telah muncul saat ini sebagai akibat dari globalisasi. Istilah kaweng turung berasal dari dialek sehari-hari di Kota Manado. Terlepas dari masalah dalam praktiknya, lembaga adat cenderung pasif mengikutinya dengan meresmikan perkawinan. Kajian ini mengusulkan perlunya sinergi antara negara, Kementerian Agama di daerah, dan lembaga adat untuk mencegah praktik kaweng turung. Salah satunya melalui pendidikan pranikah yang masif, sistematis, dan terstruktur. 
Sharia and State’s Intervention: Uncertainty Cryptocurrency in Indonesia Asep Syarifuddin Hidayat
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.31876

Abstract

Cryptocurrencies have gained significant attention as part of global economic developments, prompting serious considerations from governments as public financial authorities. The current response to cryptocurrencies goes beyond their role as a form of currency and extends to their classification as assets. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's governmental policies concerning cryptocurrencies, explicitly examining their compliance with sharia principles regarding their classification as both currency and investment. The research methodology employed in this study is a primarily normative legal analysis, relying on legislative regulations, fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), and the Fatwa Council of the Central Executive Board of Muhammadiyah. Through this normative approach, the study reveals that cryptocurrencies possess inherent instability, distinguishing them from stable currencies. Consequently, their uncontrolled nature makes it challenging for governments to regulate them effectively during periods of inflation and deflation. State intervention, therefore, is limited to acknowledging cryptocurrencies as assets rather than recognizing them as official currencies. However, this governmental recognition of cryptocurrencies as assets contradicts the fatwa issued by the MUI, which asserts that cryptocurrencies fail to meet syurūṭ al-sil'ah fī al-mabā'i, primarily due to their lack of precise value and quantity. Moreover, cryptocurrencies can be categorized as forms of hoarding (iḥtikār) and uncertainty (gharar), both of which are considered contrary to the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah.  Abstrak: Cryptocurrency sebagai bagian dari perkembangan baru ekonomi global mendapatkan perhatian serius dari negara sebagai otoritas keuangan publik. Respon terhadap cryptocurrency sekarang ini tidak hanya berkisar pada posisinya sebagai mata uang, tetapi juga sebagai aset. Studi ini menganalisis kebijakan negara Indonesia terhadap cryptocurrency yang dihubungkan dengan posisi syariat Islam terhadap cryptocurrency sebagai mata uang dan aset. Studi ini dilakukan dengan penelitian hukum normatif, yang bersumber dari peraturan perundang-undangan, fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dan Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pengurus Pusat Muhammadiyah. Dengan pendekatan normatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa cryptocurrency memiliki nilai instabilitas yang berbeda dengan konsep mata uang yang bersifat stabil. Hal ini menjadikan cryptocurrency sulit dikendalikan oleh negara ketika terjadi inflasi dan deflasi. Intervensi negara hanya sebatas mengakuinya sebagai aset, bukan sebagai mata uang. Pengakuan negara terhadap cryptocurrency sebagai aset bertentangan dengan fatwa MUI yang menyatakan bahwa cryptocurrency tidak memenuhi syurūṭ al-sil’ah fī al-mabā'i, tidak memiliki nilai dan jumlah yang pasti. Lebih dari itu, cryptocurrency dapat dikategorikan sebagai iḥtikār dan gharar yang bertentangan dengan maqāṣid al-sharī'ah.  
Women’s Post-Divorce Rights in Malaysian and Indonesian’s Court Decisions abd rahman dahlan; Fathinuddin Fathinuddin; Azizah Azizah; Nur Rohim Yunus; Aliyeva Patimat Shapiulayevna; Yunasril Ali
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.27967

Abstract

Indonesia and Malaysia are predominantly Muslim and belong to the Shafii school of thought. Both have similarities concerning the rights of the wife in divorce. This study examines the fulfilment of post-divorce rights for women based on the decisions of the Religious Courts in Indonesia and Malaysia. The period for this research object is limited to 2014-2016. The research used a qualitative method with comparative and case approaches. This study finds that, legally, a wife can receive post-divorce rights, including ‘iddah, mut‘ah and ḥaḍānah. However, the Indonesian and Malaysian courts’ decisions regarding women’s post-divorce rights differ depending on whether the women request the fulfilment of their rights in their petitions. In Indonesia, judges can use their ex-officio rights to grant women their rights even without their requests. In Malaysia, on the other hand, the wives must state their demands in their petitions.  Abstrak: Indonesia dan Malaysia adalah negara mayoritas berpenduduk muslim dan bermazhab Syafi’i. Keduanya memiliki persamaan berkaitan dengan hak- hak isteri dalam perceraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hak-hak isteri dalam perceraian berdasarkan putusan-putusan Pengadilan Agama di Indonesia, dalam hal ini Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan dan Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia. Kurun waktu objek penelitian ini dibatasi tahun 2014- 2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa hak-hak yang dapat diterima isteri dalam perceraian yaitu hak nafkah ‘iddah, mut‘ah dan ḥaḍānah. Namun dalam kenyataan, putusan pengadilan tentang hak-hak isteri dalam perceraian di Indonesia dan Malaysia terjadi perbedaan. Perbedaan putusan tersebut terjadi dalam hal isteri pada proses persidangan tidak memohon atau menuntut hak-haknya kepada majelis hakim. Di Indonesia, hakim memiliki hak ex officio. Hakim memberi hak- hak isteri, meskipun isteri tidak menuntut hak-haknya selama temohon selalu hadir dalam persidangan. Di Malaysia, hak-hak isteri harus diminta kepada majelis hakim oleh isteri, karena perceraian merupakan permohonan dan kesepakatan antara para pihak. 
Sharia Constitutionalism: Negotiating State Interests and Islamic Aspirations in Legislating Sharia Economic Law Bambang Iswanto; Miftah Faried Hadinatha
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 23, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v23i1.32899

Abstract

Sharia economic law in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase in its role after it was promulgated and implemented as part of the country's legal system. As a country that is neither secular nor Islamic, the incorporation of the Sharia economy into the national legal system has been constitutionally confirmed through various decisions of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, this article examines the decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding the constitutionality of legal norms for halal certificates and halal products, zakat management, and Islamic banking disputes to investigate their implications for ensuring the enforcement of Islamic economic law in Indonesia. This study uses normative legal research, namely the law and case approach, in light of Indonesian discourse on Islam, the state, and the Constitution. It concludes that the Constitutional Court has confirmed the existence of Sharia economic law as part of the national legal system that follows constitutional norms, aka Sharia constitutionalism. The Constitutional Court's decision illustrates a reciprocal relationship between religion and the state that supports the development of Sharia economic law that aligns with the aspirations of Muslims.  Abstrak: Hukum ekonomi syariah di Indonesia telah mengalami peningkatan peran yang signifikan setelah diundangkan dan dilaksanakan sebagai bagian dari sistem hukum negara. Sebagai negara yang bukan sekuler maupun Islam, inkorporasi ekonomi syariah ke dalam sistem hukum nasional telah dikukuhkan secara konstitusional melalui berbagai putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Artikel ini mengkaji putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang konstitusionalitas norma hukum sertifikat halal dan produk halal, pengelolaan zakat, dan sengketa perbankan syariah untuk menyelidiki implikasinya dalam memastikan penegakan hukum ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu pendekatan undang-undang dan kasus, dalam konteks wacana Indonesia tentang Islam, negara, dan konstitusi. Disimpulkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi telah mengukuhkan keberadaan hukum ekonomi syariah sebagai bagian dari sistem hukum nasional yang mengikuti norma konstitusi alias konstitusionalisme syariah. Putusan MK menggambarkan hubungan timbal balik antara agama dan negara yang mendukung pengembangan hukum ekonomi syariah yang sejalan dengan aspirasi umat Islam. 

Page 29 of 29 | Total Record : 287

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