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Post-locked down mental wellbeing among Malaysian adults: factors of life satisfaction in urban Malaysia Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Daryll Kurian; Grace Jee Ern Nga; Endah Kurniawati Purwaningtyas
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.21159

Under the enforcement of the recovery movement control order (RMCO), citizens of Malaysia were allowed to commute for work with tight protocols of social distancing. In this period of time, most individuals were adjusting to the new norm after being locked down for about six weeks. With an assumption that the social dynamics could have been different from the pre-pandemic era, this study aims to investigate how mattering predicts life satisfaction among individuals who live in the urban area of western Malaysia in the aforementioned timeframe. The role of other variables, namely perceived social support (PSS), resilience, and spirituality was also investigated. Data was collected from 402 adults between 18 and 66 years of age (M=25.44) who reside in the urban areas of Malaysia. A moderated serial mediation hypothesis was tested by employing the Bootstrap method in PROCESS Macro model 92. Our findings suggested that resilience does not play a significant role in the equation due to its insignificance in predicting life satisfaction after controlling the rest of the variables.

Appreciative joy, nostalgia and prosocial behavior: a different approach on mental wellbeing maintenance Jia Cheng Chong; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Susanna Poay Lin Hong; Evy Kurniasari Purwaningrum
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i3.21722

The effect of maintaining mental wellbeing by conducting prosocial behavior has been established for quite some time and is supported by many theories. Nevertheless, prosocial behavior might not easily be done by individuals with negative feelings due to certain emotional burdens. The current study examined the mediating effect of appreciative joy in the relationship between nostalgia and prosocial behavior. There were 123 undergraduate students with an average age of 21.2 years old recruited from a Malaysian private university using the purposive sampling method. Employing an experimental single-factor independent design; the experiment was conducted online. Multiple regression analysis showed that only the relationship between appreciative joy and prosocial behavior is statistically significant in this study, without being mediated by appreciative joy. In conclusion, nostalgia did not significantly inflict any appreciative joy that eventually drove people to conduct any prosocial behavior. Further implications and suggestions are discussed.

The perk of writing: How expressive writing reduces depressive symptoms Efendy Xu; Tara Yen Siang Tan; Hao Wang; Chen Sung Wong; KamYan Chong; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 10, No 4: December 2021
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i4.21103

This study aimed to examine types of expressive writing and the underlying themes that will lead to the reduction of depression symptoms. We hypothesized that positive experience writing will significantly reduce depressive symptoms as compared to other types of expressive writing. This study recruited 45 young adults (17 men, 28 women) between 20 and 28 years old to perform online expressive writing for a four-week period and fill in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before and after the treatment. Our findings suggested that positive expressive writing led to a significantly greater reduction of depressive symptoms as compared to other types of expressive writing. The qualitative analysis showed that there are eight common themes in positive writing that might contribute to the reduction of symptoms: companionship, mattering, gratitude, positive emotions, energetic, motivation, relaxation, and delicious food. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

Fear of failure and academic procrastination among university students: The role of achievement expectancy and year of study Eunice Wan-Yi Tan; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i1.22201

This current study aimed to investigate whether expectancy-value model of achievement choice mediates the relationship between fear of failure (FOF) and academic procrastination (AP) among undergraduate students of Psychology Department at a private university in Malaysia. Based on the Krejcie-Morgan Table and G*Power, 102 undergraduate students (aged 18-24) who enrolled in core subjects were recruited to represent the population via snowball sampling method. PROCESS macro for SPSS was utilized to perform the Bootstrap analysis with 5,000 sampling at 95% confidence interval to test the mediation hypothesis. Results showed a significant positive total effect of FOF on AP and significant negative direct effect of expectancy-value model on academic procrastination, supporting the hypothesis for path c and path b. However, no significant direct effect was found between FOF and expectancy-value model (path a). Mediation did not occur, therefore FOF is still considered a robust and significant predictor of AP among the population of psychology students in the aforementioned university. Furthermore, our results suggested that the aforementioned link did not significantly occur among the first-year students.

Developing self-efficacy, mattering, and general well-being through community-based education in the rural area Abdul Aziz; Mohammad Padil; Mujtahid Mujtahid; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i1.21948

This qualitative study aimed to explore the implementation of community-based education (CBE) in the village of Desa Karang Pandan, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The CBE was conducted in order to educate the community members in information technology, Arabic language, Quran reading, Boyscout activities, and indigenous martial arts. Apart from that, the CBE was implemented to address specific communal issues, such as lack of self-efficacy, sense of mattering, and general well-being of the community members. Data was collected through observations and interviews along the CBE program, and analyzed by utilizing thematic analysis methods. Positive responses were shown in the interview results. They were represented by the frequent occurrences of themes such as improvement of mattering and self-efficacy, higher motivation to learn and the development of general well-being. Nevertheless, it is possible that the positive responses from the community members were caused by the novelty effect of the program. Further concerns and limitations are discussed in the end of this paper.

What makes locked-down students happy: The sense of mattering and subjective well-being Hao Wang; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 1: March 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i1.22578

Subjective well-being (SWB) of university students who had to study off-campus due to the pandemic was investigated in this current study. Studies had reported that one of the most robust factors of SWB is the sense of mattering. While the sense of mattering is built upon social feedback, being locked down limited their source of social feedback to they can only develop their interpersonal mattering through their significant others whom they shared the dwelling place and their societal mattering through the ‘society’ they found in the social media. We purposively selected 82 participants to respond to our scales of mattering types and SWB. Among our inclusion criteria was to have a limited number of living partners (0-3) to make sure that their mattering was predominantly built from the social media feedback. The result of the multiple regression analysis suggested that despite their interpersonal mattering having a weaker contribution to their SWB, it was still a significant predictor of SWB when controlling for societal mattering. Thus, both types of mattering are still considered salient and robust predictors of SWB. Further limitations and suggestions are discussed.

Transformational leadership style in rural schools during pandemic: A case study in Indonesian non-WEIRD community Abdul Aziz; Mohammad Padil; Mujtahid Mujtahid; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 2: June 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22135

Studies on the unreadiness of educational stakeholders to face the abrupt requirement of online learning amidst the pandemic were usually conducted among the urban participants with highly available access to the internet and well-developed online social habit. Such population tend to fall into Westernized, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) bias population, even in Asian countries. Therefore, their results tend to report problems faced by the aforementioned population. In this current study, we attempt to fill in the population gap by exploring the transformational leadership among school principals in rural area of Malang, East Java, Indonesia. There were five leaders of schools’ setup by different religious affiliations in the community interviewed. After the thematic analyses, the results confirmed that the online learning policy exposed our participants to different problems from the ones faced by the urban population, and therefore they have taken different measures in order to sustain their educational services. Actions such as interschool collaborations, interschool students grouping, and interschool teacher-sharing were introduced to us by these rural school principals, along with the spirit of unity in their diversity. Further exploration and suggestions are discussed in the article.

Efficacy, expectancy, or the sense of mattering? Academic procrastination in online study Hong Chun Yeoh; Susanna Poay Lin Hong; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22964

Past studies reported that academic procrastination (AP) was contingent upon students’ educational self-efficacy (ASE) and the expectancy-value belief (EV), which were developed through social interaction. When teaching and learning in most universities were altered into online learning (OL) during the pandemic, students’ social interaction was more inclined toward online communication, especially through social networking sites (SNS); a phenomenon that has been reported to alter their sense of societal mattering (SM), the sense that they matter to the society. We hypothesized that SM moderates the mediation of EV on the association between ASE and AP. We purposively recruited 361 university students who must study fully online from home during the outbreak and asked them to respond to the designated scales. The bootstrap analysis with 5,000 samples and a 95% confidence interval showed that the moderated mediation hypothesis was supported. Students who believe that they can perform well tend to value their tasks higher, and therefore had a lower rate of procrastination. However, this mediation did not occur among students who do not think that they matter enough to the university as a society.

No more Pygmalion: Teachers’ expectations, mattering and self-efficacy in the online classroom Jun Ren Tung; Jin Chin Hee; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22892

Studies before the outbreak reported that lecturers' and teachers’ expectancy were observable to the students from their classroom behavior and, in turn, affect the students' educational self-efficacy (ES). Our study was conducted to investigate whether the aforementioned finding still holds in the compulsory online learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning was not the only implication of the social distancing policy during the pandemic, any form of social interactions among university students was affected up to the point that they rely more on social media to obtain social feedback that eventually altered the way they evaluate themselves. Because this phenomenon might lead to the way students develop the sense that they matter to their society societal mattering (SM) we hypothesized that SM would be a stronger predictor of ES than the students’ perception of the educators’ expectancy. Nevertheless, the data we collected from 361 purposively recruited students from universities in Indonesia and Malaysia indicated that their perceptions of teachers’ expectancy were no longer a significant predictor of ES when the social mattering was controlled for. Further implications, limitations, and suggestions are discussed.

Studying online from home and social anxiety among university students: The role of societal and interpersonal mattering Ahmad Naufal Fawwaz; Kususanto Ditto Prihadi; Endah Kurniawati Purwaningtyas
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i3.23464

Literature suggested that the enforcement of lockdowns such as the Movement Control Order (MCO) had limited physical social interaction and therefore increased the inclination on social media and other means of digital communication. This shift of social pattern was reported to alter the way young adults develop their mattering, the sense of how much they matter to others. While mattering has been reported as the protective factors against social anxiety, this study aims to investigate the contribution of interpersonal mattering and societal mattering on social anxiety among university students who had to study online from home during the enforcement of the MCO in Malaysia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021. Purposive sampling was conducted to recruit 158 participants (89 females, 69 males) with their ages ranging from 18 to 25 years of age (M=21.77, SD=1.54) to respond to Mattering to Others Questionnaire, University Mattering Scale, and Social Phobia Inventory. The results of multiple linear regression supported the hypotheses that both types of mattering negatively predict social anxiety, and that interpersonal mattering was no longer a significant predictor when controlling for societal mattering.

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