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This research was conducted to study the effects of pretreatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybag contained barkless fresh bamboo chips of 1.6 cm in width. Each polybag contained 221.21-230.43 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by P. ostreatus and T. versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days in an incubator. Bamboo chips were cooked in open ho Widya FATRIASARI; Riksfardini Annisa ERMAWAR; Faizatul FALAH; Dede Heri Yuli YANTO; Euis HERMIATI
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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This research was conducted to study the effects of pretreatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybag contained barkless fresh bamboo chips of 1.6 cm in width. Each polybag contained 221.21-230.43 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by P. ostreatus and T. versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days in an incubator. Bamboo chips were cooked in open hot soda process. The cooked bamboo chips were then fibrillated using beater hollander and stone refiner. Yield, kappa numbers (TAPPI 236 cm-85) and freeness (CSF) of the pulp were then analyzed. Pulp yield pretreated with P.ostreatus and incubated for 30 days was the highest (increased by control 22.31%), while that pretreated with T.versicolor was the lowest (decreased by control 22.20%). The increasing of incubation time had positive correlation with the reduction of kappa number. Statistic test (ANOVA) at 95% level of confidence show that fungi give significant effect on kappa number, freeness, and kappa number degradation. Besides that fungi, the interaction between fungi and incubation times give significant effect on the yield changes and pulp yield. T. versicolor had better activity in 45 days of incubation. Pulp freeness resulted from this study were still lower than the desired value. Pretreatment of betung bamboo using T. versicolor with 45 days of incubation was considered better than the other treatments. Keywords : Betung bamboo, biopulping, pulp yield, kappa number, degree of freeness

Six species of bamboos, that were andong bamboo (Gigantochloa verticillata), tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), hitam bamboo (Gigantochloa nigrocillata), ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), and kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), were analyzed for their fiber morphological as well as their physical-chemical properties. Results of these analysis would be used as a matter of consideration in choosing species of bamboos to be used as raw material for pulp and paper. Fi Widya FATRIASARI; Euis HERMIATI
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Six species of bamboos, that were andong bamboo (Gigantochloa verticillata), tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), hitam bamboo (Gigantochloa nigrocillata), ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), and kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), were analyzed for their fiber morphological as well as their physical-chemical properties. Results of these analysis would be used as a matter of consideration in choosing species of bamboos to be used as raw material for pulp and paper. Fiber morphological analyses include determination of fiber dimensions and followed by calculation of derivation of fiber dimensions. Determination of fiber dimensions includes fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, while calculation of derivation fiber dimensions includes runkell ratio, felting power/slenderness), muhlsteph ratio, coefficient of rigidity and flexibility ratio. Physical analyses include moisture content and specific gravity, while chemical analyses include determination of extractive (ethanol-benzene), hot water solubles, cold water solubles, lignin, holocellulose, ash and silicate contents. Results of this study showed that of the six species of bamboos studied, kuning bamboo had the most suitable properties as raw material for pulp and paper, followed by betung, tali, andong, hitam, and ampel bamboos. Keywords : Bamboo, fiber morphology, physical-chemical properties, pulp, paper

Penyimpanan Jamur dengan Atmosfir Modifikasi dan Terawasi Euis Hermiati
agriTECH Vol 5, No 1 & 2 (1985)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Tekno Ekonomi Produksi Perekat Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate Berbasis Lateks Karet Alam (Techno-Economic of Natural Rubber Latex-Based Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate Adhesive) Fahriya Puspita Sari; Widya Fatriasari; Raden BP Laksana; Teguh Darmawan; Jayadi Jayadi; Euis Hermiati
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Natural rubber latex (NRL)-based aqueous polymer isocyanate (API) adhesive can potentially be used for the production of wood panels or composites. Bonding properties of the adhesive could meet the standard of the wood panels produced. In order to complete its assessment as a commercial wood adhesive, it is important to conduct a techno-economic analysis of this adhesive. The design and analyses were based on 100 L production capacity. The techno-economic analysis as a basis value of the investment to be incurred in the API adhesive production considered the capability of design tools during the production process. Based on the analysis, to produce API adhesives by 34.8 tons per year it is required an investment of 509.5 million rupiahs. The production cost of API adhesives for Rp 50.000 kg-1 is Rp 35.798 with assuming a sales profit of 21.30%. The payback period is 1 year with shut down point (SDP) of 14%, and the break-even point (BEP) of 20.51%. The analysis at various production capacities (34.8, 50, 75, and 100 tons year-1) indicated that API adhesive production will be more profitable with greater production capacity because it can shorten the payback period and increase the return on investment.Keywords: API adhesives, low temperature setting, natural rubber latex (NRL), production design, techno-economic

Pengaruh Persentase Katalis pada Pembuatan Perekat Kayu Cair terhadap Daya Rekatnya sebagai Bahan Perekat Substitusi Fenol Formaldehida pada Pembuatan Kayu Lapis The Effects of Catalyst Percentage Used in Producing Wood Liquid on Its Bond Strength as Phenol Formaldehyde Substitute Adhesive in Plywood Production Bambang Prasetya; Euis Hermiati; Sudijono Sudijono
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this research was to study the effects of percentage of catalyst used in producing wood liquid (WL) on its bond strength as Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) substitute adhesive in plywood production. Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood flour passed 60 mesh sieves having around 5% moisture content was liquefied in phenol solution. Catalyst used, sulfuric acid 98%, was added at the level of 1%, 2% and 3% of the total phenol solution. The wood liquid obtained was observed and measured for its physico-chemical properties, including color, total solid, pH, specific gravity and viscosity. The degrees of PF substitution tried were 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60 and 20/80 (PF/WL). Those adhesive mixtures were used in the preparation of plywood made of Meranti (Shorea sp.) and Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.). Bond strength of the plywood samples were determined based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01 – 2704 – 1992). Results of the research showed that Albizia wood flour could be completely liquefied by phenol and sulfuric acid. Bond strength testing of exterior grade plywood samples of Meranti showed that a quite high percentage of catalyst (3%) decreased bond strength, while that of Keruing showed that the higher the percentage of catalyst, the higher the bond strength. In general, adhesive composition of 80/20, 60/40 and some 40/60 (PF/WL) can be used as plywood adhesive and meet the SNI for plywood.

Synthesis of Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate for Plywood Adhesive Euis Hermiati; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto; Faizatul Falah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The aim of this research was to produce natural rubber-based Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate (API) adhesives that could meet standard for exterior grade plywood adhesive. Base polymers used were Natural Rubber Latex (NRL), Natural Rubber Latex - Styrene (NRL-St), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH).There were two kinds of adhesives produced; one was using NRL and PVOH as base polymers, and the other one was using NRL-St and PVOH as base polymers. Isocyanate crosslinking agent was added to each kind of adhesives at 2.5; 5; 10; 15 and 20% of the weight of the base polymers. They were measured for their total solid content (gravimetric method), pH (using pH meter), specific gravity (using picnometer) and viscosity (using Brookfield viscometer). Thermal analyses using TG/DTA was conducted at the addition of 0, 5 and 15% cross-linking agent. The adhesives were spread on the surface of Red Meranti (Shorea sp.) veneers (250 x 250 x 2.1 mm core; 250 x 250 x 1.5 mm face and back) at the glue spread rate 400 g/m2 DGL (double glue line). The veneers with adhesives were cold pressed at 10 kg/cm2 for 10 minutes and then hot pressed at 10 kg/cm2, 110ºC for 5 minutes. The plywood produced was conditioned for 2 weeks, then they were measured for their bond strength, delamintaion ratio, water absorption, and thickness swelling. Results of this study showed that either NRL or NRL-St could be used as one of base polymers in preparing API adhesive. Bond strength of plywood adhered with API adhesives made of NRL-St at all levels of isocyanate crosslinking agent addition were higher than those made from NRL. The addition of 10% or more isocyanate croslinkers to NRL/PVOH (50:50) or to NRL-St/PVOH (50:50) could produce plywood having bond strength that could meet interior grade standard. Plywood having bond strength of exterior grade standard were produced when 15% or more isocyanate crosslinkers were added to NRL-St/PVOH (50:50) or when 20% or more isocyanate crosslinkers were added NRL/PVOH (50:50).

Kraft and Soda Pulping of White Rot Pretreated Betung Bamboo Widya Fatriasari; Riksfardini A Ermawar; Faizatul Falah; Dede HY Yanto; Deddy TN Adi; Sita H Anita; Euis Hermiati
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This research was conducted to study the effects of pre-treatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybags contained barkless fresh bamboo chips. Each polybag contained 214.9–286.8 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days at room temperature. Bamboo chips were cooked using soda and Kraft processes. The cooked bamboo chips were then defiberize using disc refiner for 3 times. Pulp yield, kappa number and degree of freeness of the pulp were then analyzed. The treatment of two white rot fungi, gave different effects on the characteristic of betung bamboo pulp. The effects of fungi treatment on kappa number and degree of freeness can be seen only at samples cooked using kraft process. Incubation time did not affect pulp yield of bamboo treated with both fungi, but it affected kappa number and degree of freeness of bamboo pulp cooked using kraft process. Bamboo treated with T. versicolor incubated for 45 days and cooked using kraft process produced the best pulp quality with high pulp yield.Key words: betung bamboo, biopulping, degree of freeness, kappa number, pulp yield.

Campuran Lateks Karet Alam-Stirena dan Poliisosianat sebagai Perekat Kayu Lamina Blends of Natural Rubber Latex-Styrene and Polyisocyanate for Laminated Wood Adhesive Dede H Yulianto; Euis Hermiati
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 6, No 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Each adhesive has its own strengths and weaknesses due to its bond strength, or its resistance to stress, heat, moisture and organisms. Blending of several adhesives could combine properties of each. Besides, it might reduce adhesives prices as well. In this research Natural Rubber Latex-Styrene (NRL-St) was blended with Polyisocyanate (PI) or API (Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate) adhesive. The aim of this research was to study the effects of compositions of adhesive blends on adhesive properties, and the effects of composition of adhesive blends and pressing time on bond strength of laminated wood (Acacia mangium). Blending compositions of NRL-St/PI were 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100. Physico-chemical properties of these blends of adhesives, including solid content, pH, viscosity and mixtures homogenity were analyzed. Blends of NRL-St with PI adhesive had total solid contents range from 42.39 to 50.58%, pH from 7.45 to 7.98, and viscosity from 3506 to 5661 cp. Results of this study showed that optimum composition of blends of NRL-St and API adhesives for producing laminated wood of Acacia mangium was 50/50 (w/w). At this composition the shear strength of laminated wood was 7.06 MPa, while delamination ratio in cold and boiling water were 0% and 4.89% respectively. These values could meet Japan Agriculture Standard (JAS) for laminated wood (shear strength > 5.4 MPa and delamination ratio < 10%). Optimum pressing time for producing laminated wood using API adhesive as well as blends of NRL-St/API (50/50) was two hours.

UPAYA MENGURANGI KOTORAN DAN KANDUNGAN ZAT EKSTRAKTIF SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENCUCIAN Reduction of Dirts and Extractives Contents of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber by Water Treatment. Euis Hermiati; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Lisman Suryanegara; Mohamad Gopar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 1, No 1 (2003): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to get an optimum washing process of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OP EFB) fiber to reduce dirts and extractives contents in the fiber. Treatments used were boiling (0.5; 1; 2 and 3 hours); soaking and shaking in cold water (1; 4; 8; 12; 24 and 48 hours); 10 minutes agitation in cold water using a washing machine; and 10 minutes agitation in cold water using a washing machine followed by boiling for 0.5 hours. The clean fiber yield as well as water, ash, hot and cold water soluble extractives and fat contents were determined. Results of this study showed that soaking and shaking of OP EFB fiber in cold water were quite effective for removing dirts on the fiber, but were not for removing hot and cold water extractives and fats. Strong agitation could increase the removal of dirts and extractives from the OP EFB fiber. However, boiling and combination of agitation and boiling removed dirts and extractives more effectively than did the two former processes

Effects of Several Synthesis Conditions on Bond Strength of Plywood Adhered with Natural Rubber Latex – Styrene Adhesive Euis Hermiati; Widya Fatriasari; Faizatul Falah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 4, No 1 (2006): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This report discusses the effects of synthesis conditions on bond strength of plywood adhered with natural rubber latex - styrene adhesive. Synthesis variables observed were catalyst (with and without catalyst), pre-stirring (0 and 3 hours) and heating time (1 and 2 hours). Three-ply plywood samples were prepared from Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) and Red meranti (Shorea, sp.) veneers and their gluability were evaluated in accordance to Indonesian Standard (SNI 01-2704-1992). The results revealed that synthesis conditions (i.e. catalyst, pre-stirring and heating time) did not significantly influence the bond strength of plywood. Natural rubber latex – styrene adhesive is very appropriate as adhesive for Red meranti plywood. Nevertheless, it can be used as limited interior application for Albizia plywood. An addition of 10% phenol formaldehyde (PF) in natural rubber latex - styrene adhesive slightly improved the exterior type bond strength of Red meranti plywood

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