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INAKTIVASI BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI AIR SUMUR MENGGUNAKAN DISINFEKTAN KAPORIT Puti Sri Komala
Jurnal Dampak Vol 11, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/dampak.11.1.34-47.2014

Abstract

Air sumur merupakan salah satu sumber air minum terpenting bagi masyarakat, terutama bagi mereka yang tidak dilayani oleh pelayanan kota. Adanya kandungan bakteri Escherichia coli dalam air sumur dapat menjadi penyebab waterborne disease. Kaporit merupakan jenis disinfektan yang dapat digunakan untuk menyisihkan kandungan bakteri E.coli di dalam air sumur. Dalam percobaan ini dilakukan disinfeksi pada larutan artifisial dan sampel air sumur kawasan Purus. Pada percobaan larutan artifisial diperoleh dosis optimum kaporit yaitu 50 mg/l dengan waktu kontak 30 menit untuk menyisihkan bakteri E.coli dari >1,6.105 sel/100 ml menjadi 0 sel/100 ml. Laju inaktivasi bakteri E.coli pada waktu kontak 10 menit untuk tiap dosis kaporit berkisar antara 2,6-log-3-log. Disinfeksi sampel air sumur kawasan Purus pada kondisi optimum menunjukkan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan disinfeksi larutan artifisial.Kata Kunci: air sumur, disinfektan, E.coli, larutan artifisial
Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Puti Sri Komala; Arief Almi
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 26, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.58554

Abstract

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm process commonly uses various inorganic carriers to enhance nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier. The experiment was carried out by using an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treating artificial wastewater at room temperature. The reactor was fed with ammonium and nitrite with the concentrations of 70‐150 mg–N/L and variations in the hydraulic retention time of 24 and 12 h. The granular anammox belongs to the genus Candidatus Brocadia sinica that was added as an inoculum of the reactor operation. The experimental stoichiometric of anammox for ΔNO2‐–N: ΔNH4+–N and ΔNO3‐: ΔNH4+ were 1.24 and 0.18, respectively, which is similar to anammox stoichiometry. The maximum Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) has achieved 0.29 kg–N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.6 kg–N/m3.d. The highest ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) were 88% and 85%, respectively. Based on this results, it indicated that sugarcane bagasse as organic carriers could increase the amount of total nitrogen removal by provided of denitrification process but inhibited the anammox process at a certain COD concentration.
Karakterisasi Produk Biomassa Seluler dalam Bioreaktor Membran pada Biodegradasi Zat Warna Azo Remazol Black 5 Puti Sri Komala; Yommi Dewilda; M Zulfan; Zilvia Wulandari
Reaktor Volume 15 No.3 April 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (513.465 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.3.139-147

Abstract

Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan karakterisasi produk biomassa seluler dalam bioreaktor membran (BRM) anoksik-oksik pada biodegradasi zat warna Azo Remazol Black 5 (RB 5) pada umur lumpur rendah. BRM terdiri dari tangki anoksik,  kontak, dan stabilisasi serta membran eksternal polysulfone yang diletakkan di antara tangki kontak dan stabilisasi. Umpan yang digunakan adalah campuran zat warna RB 5 dengan konsentrasi 120 mg/L dan ko-substrat limbah tempe dengan COD berkisar antara 2.080-2.400 mg/L. Dengan kombinasi waktu filtrasi dan backwash 1 jam dan 1 menit, BRM dapat beroperasi selama hampir 50 hari dengan fluks rata-rata 9 lmj dan tekanan 0,8 – 2 bar. Komponen seluler masing-masing tangki dilakukan diukur sebagai parameter material polimer ekstraseluler (EPS) dan produk mikrobial terlarut (SMP). Efisiensi penyisihan warna pada berkisar antara 66%- 77%, sedangkan penyisihan COD berkisar pada 44%-50%. Perpindahan biomassa antar tangki yang tidak sempurna diperkirakan telah menurunkan kinerja penyisihan senyawa organik BRM. Kandungan karbohidrat pada SMP maupun EPS  masing-masing tangki nilainya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar protein. Karbohidrat yang berasal dari umpan merupakan penyebab utama fouling dibandingkan protein. Konsentrasi EPS yang tinggi terdapat pada tangki stabilisasi akibat transfer oksigen yang buruk dalam struktur biofilm setelah melewati membran. Kata kunci: Bioreaktor Membran (BRM) anoksik-oksik, material polimer ekstraseluler (EPS), produk mikrobial terlarut (SMP), umur lumpur (SRT), zat warna azo Remazol Black 5   Characterization of Cellular Biomass Products in Membrane Bioreactor on Azo Dye Remazol Black 5 Biodegradation Abstract In this study characterization  of  cellular biomass products in anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (MBR) on azo dye Remazol Black 5 (RB 5) biodegradation in the low solid retention time was carried out. The MBR consists of anoxic, contacts, and stabilization tank of 4, 2 and 4 hours respectively, and was equipped with an external polysulfone membrane which placed between the contact and the stabilization tanks. Feed was the  mixture of azo dye RB 5 with a concentration of 120 mg/L and co-substrate tempe industrial wastewater with COD ranging between 2.080-2.400 mg / L. With a combination of  filtration and backwash time of 1 hour and 1 minute, the MBR was operated for 50 days with an average flux 9 lmh and pressures of  0.8 to 2 bar. Cellular components of each tank was measured as a parameter performed extracellular polymeric material (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). The color removal efficiency was in range of 66%- 77%, while COD removal efficieny i.e. 44%-50%. Unfavorable biomass transfer between tanks may decreased the organics removal efficiencies of MBR. The carbohydrates content of the SMP and EPS from each tank was higher than that of the the protein content. Carbohydrates coming from the feed, seem the main cause of the fouling compared to proteins. The  high concentration of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was in the stabilization tank due to poor oxygen transfer within the biofilm structure after passing through the membrane.
Analisis Beban Pencemar Total Nitrogen dan Total Fosfat akibat Aktivitas Antropogenik di Danau Maninjau Roselyn Indah Kurniati; Puti Sri Komala; Z Zulkarnaini
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2021): Agustus 2021
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.19.2.355-364

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban pencemar dan daya tampung total nitrogen (TN) dan total fosfat (TP) akibat dari aktivitas antropogenik di Danau Maninjau. Perhitungan beban pencemar untuk aktivitas penduduk, pertanian, peternakan dan jumlah tamu hotel menggunakan Rapid Assesment. Penetapan  beban pencemar KJA dan daya tampung yang mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No 28 Tahun 2009. Lokasi penelitian yang ditetapkan berdasarkan SNI 6989.57:2008 terdiri dari 10 lokasi yaitu tengah danau, PLTA, KJA, inlet dan outlet danau. Uji ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% digunakan dalam melihat perbedaan data konsentrasi TN dan TP secara waktu pengambilan sampel dan lokasi sampling. Rasio TN:TP dievaluasi untuk mengetahui pembatas kesuburan perairan dan korelasinya terhadap klorofil.Konsentrasi TN berada pada rentang 0,42 – 0,95 mg/L, TP berkisar 0,18-0,66 mg/L dan klorofil-a 5,49-8,69 mg/m3. Hasil uji ANOVA, konsentrasi TN dan TP  secara waktu pengambilan sampel tidak berbeda secara signifikan yaitu 0,64 dan 0,88 sedangkan secara lokasi sampling berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,01 dan 4,03x10-6. TN dan TP memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap klorofil dan diperoleh rasio TN:TP<10 yang mengindikasikan nitrogen sebagai pembatas kesuburan. Beban pencemar TN dan TP terbesar berasal dari KJA yang menyumbang hampir 84,20 % dan 91,83% dari total beban pencemar. Ditinjau dari daya tampung mesotrofik beban pencemar TN belum melebihi sedangkan TP telah melebihi daya tampung sehingga perlu pengurangan hingga 71,34% untuk mesotrofik dan 90,44% untuk oligotrofik. Secara keseluruhan status trofik Danau Maninjau berada pada kondisi eutrofik dengan index 63,39. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the pollutant load and the capacity of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) resulting from anthropogenic activities in Lake Maninjau. Calculation of the pollutant load for the activities of the population, agriculture, livestock and the number of hotel guests using Rapid Assessment. Determination of KJA pollutant load and carrying capacity refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 28 of 2009. The research locations determined based on SNI 6989.57: 2008 consist of 10 locations, namely the middle of the lake, hydropower plant, marine cage, inlet and outlet. ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level was used to see the differences in TN and TP concentration data in terms of sampling time and sampling location. The TN: TP ratio was evaluated to determine the limitation of water fertility and its correlation to chlorophyll. TN concentrations were in the range 0.42 - 0.95 mg / L, TP ranged from 0.18 to 0.66 mg / L and chlorophyll-a was 5.49. -8.69 mg / m3. ANOVA test results, TN and TP concentrations at sampling time did not differ significantly, namely 0.64 and 0.88, while the sampling location was significantly different with a significance value of 0.01 and 4.03x10-6. TN and TP had a strong relationship to chlorophyll and the TN: TP ratio was obtained <10, which indicates nitrogen as a fertility limiter. The largest TN and TP pollutant load comes from KJA which accounts for almost 84.20% and 91.83% of the total pollutant load. Judging from the mesotrophic capacity of the TN pollutant load has not exceeded while the TP has exceeded the capacity so that it needs a reduction of up to 71.34% for mesotrophic and 90.44% for oligotrophic. Overall, the trophic status of Lake Maninjau is in a eutrophic condition with an index of 63.39.
Emission and Heavy Metal Content Characteristic of Densified Refused Derived Fuels of Oil Sludge and Biomass Combination as an Alternative Fuel for Cement Plant Rati Yuliar Ningsih; Fadjar Goembira; Puti Sri Komala; Nino Perdana Putra
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 3 No. 3 (2019): September
Publisher : Research Centre of Inorganic Materials and Complexs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (700.205 KB) | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2019.3.3.100-105

Abstract

Hazardous Waste such Oil Sludge combined with biomass (coconut shell and rice husk) was utilized as an alternative fuel in cement plant in form of Densified-Refused Derived Fuel (D-RDF). D-RDF were Co-Processed with primary fuel into Rotary Kiln in order to reduce usage of fossil fuel and eliminate the hazardous waste by thermal treatment, meanwhile to recover the energy contained in the D-RDF, the utilization of these waste are expected without causing adverse effect into the environment. Co-Processing of D-RDF as alternative fuels into cement plant kiln must follow the regulation applied in Indonesian Environment and Forestry Minister regulation 19/2017 and European Union for Responsible Incineration and Treatment of Special Waste (EURITS). Based on previous research, D-RDF composition of oil sludge and biomass at 1:1 ratio with 5% starch addition was choose as they give best calorific value at 6000 kcal/kg. The objective of these research are to observe the emission caused by the utilization of these D-RDF and potential effect into cement or clinker product. The result show NOx and CO value are meet the standard requirement by government regulation meanwhile SO2 value which are 1251 mg/Nm3 and 1500 mg/Nm3, over the regulation standard which is 650 mg/Nm3. This issue could be overcome in the plant with pre treatment of D-RDF and utilization of Bag House Filter or Electostatic Precipitator before release the emission to the stack. Trace element analysis of D-RDF ashes (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn dan Zn) show the result are meet the EURITS regulation, which mean utilization of D-RDF will not give quality deffect to cement or clinker product.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DENGAN TUMBUHAN Scirpus grossus L.f. Puti Sri Komala
Purifikasi Vol 6 No 2 (2005): Jurnal Purifikasi
Publisher : Department of Environmental Engineering-Faculty of Civil, Environmental and Geo Engineering. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (315.205 KB) | DOI: 10.12962/j25983806.v6.i2.294

Abstract

Air limbah hotel dan industri karet mengandung nitrat yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak diolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan instalasi tumbuhan Mensiang (Scirpus grossus L. f) dengan variasi laju pembebanan hidrolis (HLR) 100 l/m2.hari dan 200 l/m2.hari dan konsentrasi COD 275 mg/l dan 490 mg/l. Parameter yang diukur adalah BOD, COD, TSS, Nitrogen dan pH, serta Amoniak total khusus untuk limbah cair karet. Efisiensi penyisihan yang diperoleh yaitu BOD5 sebesar 82-98%, COD 87-97%, TSS 78-92%, nitrogen total 90-93% serta amoniak total 87-91%. Secara keseluruhan tingkat penyisihan parameter pencemar pada limbah cair industri karet kecuali nitrogen total lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat penyisihan pada limbah cair hotel. HLR dan konsentrasi COD influen optimum yaitu 100 l/m2.hari dan 215-275 mg/l.
PEMETAAN PRIORITAS LOKASI DISTRICT METERED AREA (DMA) DENGAN PENENTUAN POTENSI NON REVENUE WATER (NRW) DENGAN GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) Tomi Wirawan; Denny Helard; Puti Sri Komala
Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) Vol 6, No 2 (2020): SEPTEMBER 2020
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jukung.v6i2.9261

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prioritas lokasi dari beberapa rencana District Metered Area (DMA) untuk penurunan Non Revenue Water (NRW) pada salah satu zona Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Jawa Gadut, Pauh, Kota Padang. Dari 5 (lima) lokasi Rencana DMA dalam zona SPAM dipilih dari data yang sudah lengkap yakni pada DMA 01 dan DMA 02. Penelitian menawarkan metode yang aplikatif dan dapat diterapkan ke lokasi lain. Prioritas lokasi DMA didasarkan pada tingkat potensi NRW komponen kehilangan air fisik dan non fisik dari faktor dan subfaktor penyebab yang sudah diinput kedalam attribut spasialnya. Dengan menggunakan Weighted Sum Method (WSM) dan dipetakan melalui Geographical Information System (GIS) diperoleh hasil komponen kehilangan air fisik pada kelas potensi NRW tinggi, sedang dan rendah berurutan pada DMA 01 adalah 81%, 19%, 0% dan pada DMA 02 adalah 60,5%, 0,1%, 39,4%. Potensi NRW komponen kehilangan air non fisik pada kelas potensi NRW tinggi, sedang dan rendah berturut-turut pada DMA 01 adalah 5,6%, 76,3%, 18,1% dan pada DMA 02 adalah 0,6 % dan 74,8 %, 24,6%. Terlihat bahwa metode berhasil untuk mengetahui lokasi DMA yang prioritas dan mengetahui potensi NRW kehilangan air fisik lebih tinggi dibandingkan potensi kehilangan air non fisik. Kata Kunci: District metered area (DMA), geographical information system (GIS), non revenue water (NRW), SPAM jawa gadut,  weighted sum method (WSM). This study aims to determine the location priority of several District Metered Area (DMA) plans to reduce Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in one of the zones for the Java Gadut drinking water supply system (SPAM), Pauh, Padang City. From the 5 (five) locations of the DMA Plan in the SPAM zone were selected from complete data, namely DMA 01 and DMA 02. The research offers an applicable method that can be applied to other locations. DMA location priority is based on the level of potential NRW components of physical and non-physical water loss from the causative factors and subfactors that have been inputted into their spatial attributes. By using the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and mapped through  Geographical Information System (GIS), the results of the physical water loss components in the high, medium and low potential NRW classes in DMA 01 were 81%, 19%, 0% and at DMA 02 were 60.5%, 0.1%, 39.4%. The NRW potential of non-physical water loss components in the high, medium and low NRW potential classes at DMA 01 were 5.6%, 76.3%, 18.1%, and at DMA 02, 0.6% and 74.8, respectively. %, 24.6%. It appears that the method is successful in determining the priority DMA location and knowing the potential NRW for physical water loss is higher than the potential for non-physical water loss. Keywords: District metered area (DMA), geographical information system (GIS), non revenue water (NRW), SPAM jawa gadut, weighted sum method (WSM)
Studi Kuantitas Air Buangan Kampus Universitas Andalas Limau Manis Padang Puti Sri Komala; Yenni Ruslinda; Juwita Zurienra
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v5i2.1956

Abstract

In this study, the quantity of wastewater from the existing facilities at the Andalas University Campus was carried out. The measured wastewater consists of grey water, black water, and specific wastewater. The wastewater was classified based on its activities, namely dormitories, lecture room, student facilities, offices, religious facilities, cafeterias, sports facilities, laboratories, and campus bus pools. The sampling method used was the bucket method. Grey water sampling was carried out on regular days (Monday-Thursday), worship days (Friday), and holidays (Saturday and Sunday), while specific wastewater and black water were measured on regular days. Peak hours occur at 12.00-14.00 except in the dormitory at 06.00-08.00 and cafeteria at 10.00-11.00. The peak factor of used water ranges from 1.56 to 3.13. From the measurement results obtained the wastewater from dormitory wastewater of 212.8 m3/day; lecture building 491 m3/day; student facilities 32.4 m3/day; offices 245.4 m3/day; worship 50.4 m3/day; cafeteria 109.2 m3/day; sports facilities 8.7 m3/day; laboratory 282 m3/day; corral 27 m3/day; and pool bus 34.7 m3/day respectively. The total wastewater from Unand Limau Manis Campus is 1,439.6 m3/day. The wastewater composition consists of, grey water 812.3 m3/day (52.67%), specific wastewater 343.8 m3/day (23.45%) and 337.5 m3/day (23.88%) black water.
Perencanaan Sistem Plambing Air Buangan Gedung Rusunawa Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas Puti Sri Komala; Suarni S. Abuzar; Purnama Mentari Dewi
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol 4: No. Edisi Khusus (Oktober 2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32672/jse.v4i2.1443

Abstract

According to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No.03-7065-2005, the building with more than 500 inhabitants, should prepare plumbing system design. The plumbing sewerage design of student flats building referred to SNI 03-6481- 2000 and SNI 03-7065-2005. Sewerage system for black- and grey water was discharged separately. Black water comes from the closet and the toilet clean out, while grey water comes from the lavatory, sink and floor drain. The wastewater flow rate is determined based on the plumbing fixtures. The sewage flowed partially full in horizontal pipe, and discharged into the standpipe in the the building shaft then flowed to the wastewater treatment plant i.e anaerobic-aerobic bioseptic tank. Grease traps are mounted at the sink to separate oils and fats. Each wastewater fixture is equipped with a fixture vent connected to the standpipe vent which extended through the roof to outdoors. Vent system consists of the vent circuit that connected to the toilet and the floor drain respectively, and the single vent that connected to the sink and the lavatory respectively. Black water sewerage pipes used 3-4 inches PVC, while  the grey water sewerages used 1 ½ - 2 ½ inches PVC, and vent used pipe 2-4 inches PVC.
PENGARUH WAKTU FLOKULASI PADA PROSES KOAGULASI FLOKULASI DENGAN BIOKOAGULAN KELOR UNTUK MENYISIHKAN KADAR BESI AIR SUMUR Dewi Fitria; Puti Sri Komala; Dura Vendela
Jurnal Reka Lingkungan Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekalingkungan.v10i2.165-174

Abstract

Salah satu sumber air baku air minum yang sering digunakan adalah air sumur. Air sumur pada umumnya mempunyai kualitas yang lebih baik dibanding air permukaan. Masalah yang sering ditemui pada air sumur adalah airnya terkadang mengandung logam besi (Fe) yang tinggi. Fe yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, menimbulkan bau yang menyengat dan gangguan estetika akibat perubahan warna air. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan proses koagulasi flokulasi untuk menurunkan kandungan Fe di dalam air sumur dengan menggunakan biji kelor sebagai biokoagulan. Percobaan ini menggunakan variabel utama waktu flokulasi dengan rentang 10-30 menit dengan interval 2 menit. Pengaruh waktu flokulasi pada penyisihan Fe juga dikaji pada variabel yang ikut mempengaruhi penyisihan Fe seperti  ukuran flok, C-organik air hasil koagulasi dan kadar air dalam flok. Waktu koagulasi yang digunakan adalah selama 1 menit dengan kecepatan 100 rpm, kecepatan flokulasi 40 rpm, waktu pengendapan 60 menit, dan dosis kelor yang digunakan 33 mg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu flokulasi optimum penyisihan Fe adalah 18 menit.