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Optimization Of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) Drying In Rubber Seed Oil Extraction For Chamois Leather Tanning Ono Suparno; Ika Amalia Kartika; . Muslich; Gita N. Andayani; Kurnia Sofyan
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Drying is one of the important steps in oil extraction using mechanical pressing. It can decrease oil hydrolysis and increase yield of oil due to the decrease of oil affinity on the material surface and protein coagulation. Therefore, the oil will be released easily from seed in the oil extraction using the hydraulic pressing. Objectives of this research were to determine a combination of temperature and duration of drying of rubber seed prior to oil extraction in order to produce oil with the best yield and physico-chemical properties for chamois leather tanning, and to observe the potency of the rubber seed oil as a leather tanning agent. This research consisted of sortation of rubber seed, rubber seed drying using an oven, oil extraction using a hydraulic pressing, and analysis of physico-chemcal properties of the oil and residue of rubber seed after extracting its oil. Results of the research shows that the higher temperature and duration of rubber seed drying, the higher oil content in residue and colour of the oil, whereas yield, iodine number, acid number, free-fatty acid content of the oil, as well as water content of the rubber seed decreased. Based on the highest of yield and iodine number, the best treatment for the rubber seed drying was drying at 70oC for one hour. This condition resulted in oil with physico-chemical characteristics of oil: yield of 20.52%, colour of 4077 PtCo unit; density of 0.924, viscosity of 160 centipoises, iodine number of 146, acid number of 2.08, FFA of 1.04 %, saponification number of 184.58, and peroxide number of 30.46. The treatment gave oil content in the residue of 9.84 %. The rubber seed oil was potential for substituting fish oil as tanning agent, as it had iodine number of higher than 120.Keywords: drying, rubber seed, oil, oil tanning, tanning agent, chamois leather.

Biodeterioration should be controlled properly for efficient and sustainable forest products (woods) utilization. This research aimed to know the distribution of wood biodeterioration in house structure; the biodeterioration intensity and its economic loss in Lembang, Bogor, Serang and North Jakarta, which were different in temperature and humidity. The survey was conducted to 200 houses in the four places. The result showed that wood biodeterioration occured in most (90%) house buildings. Do Trisna PRIADI; Dodi NANDIKA; Kurnia SOFYAN; ACHMAD .; Arif Budi WITARTO
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Biodeterioration should be controlled properly for efficient and sustainable forest products (woods) utilization. This research aimed to know the distribution of wood biodeterioration in house structure; the biodeterioration intensity and its economic loss in Lembang, Bogor, Serang and North Jakarta, which were different in temperature and humidity. The survey was conducted to 200 houses in the four places. The result showed that wood biodeterioration occured in most (90%) house buildings. Doors, windows and roof structures were the most frequent attacked by biodeterioration agents. Decay fungi attacked wet wooden house components, mainly lisplank and ceiling, whereas termites attacked mainly doors, windows, poles and walls. The volume of damaged wooden house components in Lembang and Bogor were higher than those in the warmer and drier regions, Serang and North Jakarta. The average economic loss due to wood biodeterioration in a houses was about Rp28 000/year. However the economic loss per region was quite high, about two billion rupiahs per year in Serang and more than eight billion rupiahs in Bogor City. Keywords : Biodeterioration, decay fungi, termites, beetles, residential buildings

Candlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent. This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, Saptadi DARMAWAN; Gustan PARI; Kurnia SOFYAN
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Candlenut shell as a lignocelullose raw material is a potential by-product for produce activated charcoal. It’s quality are affected by raw material and activated process i.e. temperature, activation time and activating agent. This paper intends to study the properties of activated charcoal made from candlenut shell. Candlenut shell was carbonization at 500 °Cfor 5 hour. Then activated using phosphoric acid in three different temperatures: 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C, in the duration time of 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The result shows that candlenut shell activated charcoal more influence of temperature than activation time. Overall, the activated charcoal met the Indonesian Standard requirement for commercialised activated charcoal with optimation activation at 800 °C for 120 minute. Keywords : Candlenut shell, activated charcoal, optimation, activation, phosphoric acid

EFFECT OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADDITION ON FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD Saptadi Darmawan; Kurnia Sofyan; Gustan Pari; Krisdianto Sugiyanto
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol 7, No 2 (2010): Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Secretariat of Agency for Standardization of Environment and Forestry Instruments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/ijfr.2010.7.2.100-111

The manufacturing of medium density fiberboard (MDF) using dry forming process for interior purpose requires extensive amount of thermo-setting urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Unfortunately, this adhesive brings about formaldehyde emission from the resulting MDF, which was potentially harmful to human beings. The use of activated charcoal can be effective to reduce such emission. As the relevance, this research aimed to investigate the effect of activated charcoal addition to the MDF pulp on formaldehyde emission from the MDF. The fibers for the MDF-mat forming were the pulp procured from the MDF factory, resulting from the thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) conducted on the mixed mangium wood (Acacia mangium) and rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) in 3:1 (w/w) proportion, respectively. Such mixed TMP pulping was also done in the factor y. The bonding between TMP pulp fiber during mat forming was assisted by the use of UF adhesive. Prior to the MDF mat forming , was added to the resulting TMP pulp-fibers activated charcoal in various amount, 2%, 4% and 6% based on fiber mass as well as based on UF adhesive mass. The activated charcoal was prepared by carbonizing candle nut shell into charcoal followed by activation process using phosphate solution. Meanwhile the forming of MDF mat employed air-dr y process. As the control, MDF forming with UF adhesive was performed without addition of activated charcoal. It turned out that the activated charcoal-added MDF exhibited effective reduction in formaldehyde emission and significant improvement in physical and mechanical properties, i.e. lower thickness swelling , and greater MOR , MOE and internal bond, compared to the control MDF. The use of activated charcoal at 4% based on the adhesive mass seemed to be the optimum amount. Physical and mechanical properties of the activated charcoal added MDF could mostly meet the JIS specification.

Molecular cloning of gene fragment encoding 4-coumarate: Coenzyme A ligase of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Sri N. Hartati; Enny Sudarmonowati; S. Suharsono; Kurnia Sofyan
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 15, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

4-coumarate:Coenzyme A ligase (4CL) plays an important role in lignin biosynthetic pathway thatcatalyzed the activation of coumaric acid, caffeic acid or ferulic acid to be a syringil monomer. Ligninbiosynthesis control through 4CL down regulating would support lower lignin wood production. Theobjective of this study was to clone conserved region cDNA of gene encoding 4CL. Gene fragment isolation wasconducted by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerateheterologous primer. The RT-PCR products were purified, sequenced and analyzed to select the highlyhomologous fragment to 4CL. BLASTanalysis result showed that deduction of amino acid sequences from oneof two RT-PCR product nucleotide was highly homologous with the 4CL conserved region from Rubbus ideaus,Oryza sativa, Populus tomentosa, Populus balsamifera, Betulla platyphilla, Nicotiana tabacum, and Arabidopsisthaliana with identity ranging from 78-90%.Key words: 4-coumarate: Coenzyme A ligase, lignin, sengon

Sifat Antirayap Resin Damar Mata Kucing dari Shorea javanica K. et V. Antitermic Properties of Resin from Shorea javanica K. et V Rita Kartika Sari; Wasrin Syafii; Kurnia Sofyan; Muhammad Hanafi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 1 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This study was undertaken primarily to isolate and identify substances from resin of Shorea javanica K. et. V. that might be responsible to inhibit the termite activity of Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Approximately 500 gram of dried-resin was extracted with acetone solvent. The acetone extract was then fractionated into n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and insoluble fraction (residue). The no-choice bioassay test was carried-out by treating paper discs with extracts at the concentration of 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%, 10.0%, 12.0% (W/W), and 0.0 % as control. The bioassay test showed that n-hexane and diethyl ether soluble fraction exhibited highest antitermic properties at Lethal Concentration (LC)50 value of 1.62% and continuation fraction showed N3 of n-hexane fraction an EE1 of diethyl ether fraction exhibited highest toxicity at LC50 value of 1.23 % and 1.65%. Further investigation of the n-hexane soluble fraction by using CC, GC-MS, FTIR, UV-Vis, and NMR led to the isolation and identification of the main compound, namely friedelin, while the diethyl ether soluble fraction contains vulgarol B; 3,4-Secodamar-4(28)-en-3-oic acid; (7R,10S)-2,6,10-Trimethyl-7, 10–epoxy-2,11-dodecadien; and junipene (decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-1,4-methanoazulene)

Tempurung Kelapa Sawit (TKS) sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif untuk Produksi Arang Terpadu dengan Pyrolegneous / Asap Cair Oil-Palm Shell as the Alternative Raw Material for the Integrated Production of Charcoal with Pyroligneous Acid / Liquid Smoke Tjutju Nurhayati; Desviana Desviana; Kurnia Sofyan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 2 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Oil-palm shell (Ops) can be regarded as a fuel, because it has calorific value almost similar to that of wood. Ops is generated as waste from crude palm oil industries, and its utilization as raw material are based on its chemical composition, which contains among others cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as the wood does so.Pyroligneous acid or smoke liquid is produced through the condensation of gas/smoke fraction as generated during the charcoal manufacture from wood or other ligno-cellulosic stuffs such as Ops. Such liquid is also famously called wood vinegar that seems worth for further development. The production of pyroligneous acid/wood vinegar can therefore be integrated with that of charcoal.As the relevance, experiment on integrated production of charcoal and pyroligneous acid/wood vinegar was conducted in the Sakuraba-type portable kiln. The raw material was Ops and Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) wood, the latter used as the comparison/control. The results revealed that the yield of Ops charcoal was lower than that of Mangium charcoal, i.e. 11.37% vs. 24%, respectively. However, the yield of Ops pyroligneous acid (24.8%) was almost comparable to that of Mangium pyroligneous acid (24.5%). In addition, the qualities of charcoal from both Ops and Mangium wood could meet those of Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Likewise, the qualities of their corresponding pyroligneous acids/wood vinegars from both could also comply with those of Japan wood vinegar

Kualitas Arang Kompos Limbah Industri Kertas dengan Variasi Penambahan Arang Serbuk Gergaji The qualities of Compost Charcoal Manufactured from Paper-mill Waste with Varying Addition of Charcoal Sawdust Sri Komarayati; Mustaghfirin Mustaghfirin; Kurnia Sofyan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 5, No 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The development of paper and pulp industry cause waste handling problem. A kind of waste that needs serious attention is sludge. Sludge handling by burning causes air pollution problem, while land filling need much more infestations and areas. Therefore, composting believed as the most effective way to handle sludge. The objective of this research is to increase sludge product utility and to know quality of compost charcoal from sludge. The materials used are sludge from PT Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper Tangerang, Banten, saw dust, saw dust charcoal, and particular bio- activators called OrgaDec were used to stimulate the decomposition of those materials. The methods used are total carbon, nitrogen, phosphor (P2O5), kalium (K2O), magnesium (MgO), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total Calcium (CaO). The best composting pH and temperature is treatment without charcoal addition. The treatment made pH and temperature goes down by charcoal addition. Analysis quality of compost charcoal show that charcoal addition will cause increasing of CEC and decreasing C/N ratio.

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