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All Journal Buletin Peternakan Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan Pastura; Journal Of Tropical Forage Science Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia JAS (Journal of Animal Science) Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan

Mullik, M. L.

Fakultas Peternakan, Perikanan Dan Kelautan, Universitas Nusa Cendana

Author-ID : 324439

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Veterinary Other

Published : 19 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Quantification of the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis in steers fed green tropical grass Mullik, Marthen L.; Poppi, Dennis P.; Mclennan, Stuart R.
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures are always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical forage will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457 Â± 20.1 kg) were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon afterward. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Mean crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate was 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM) respectively. Mean DM intake was 1.6% liveweight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92%/h for fluid and solids respectively. Mean EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matters. It is concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was at the level below the minimum recommended value for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. Key words: Microbial Protein, Efficiency, Tropical Grass, Cattle

Improving growth rate of Bali cattle grazing native pasture in the wet season by supplementing high quality forages Mullik, Marthen L.; Permana, Bambang
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This grazing experiment aimed at assessing effects of providing high quality forage as supplements for Bali cattle grazing native pasture in the wet season. Twenty four Bali heifers with a mean live weight of 85.4Â±3.8 kg were allotted into four reatments. The treatments were (1) grazing only, (2) grazing + Gliricidia sepium leaf, (3) grazing + Acacia villosa leaf, and (4) grazing + Lannea grandis leaf.Â The heifers grazed together on a 25 ha Bothriochloa timorensis dominant pasture during the day (0700 h to 1700 h) in wet season, and supplements were provided at night. The supplements were given in accordance to achieve 30% refusal.Â Total intake was estimated by marker technique (Cr2O3). Live weight was recorded twice a month. Data were subjected to statistical analysis based on general linear model suited to a completely random design.Â The results showed that growth rate of Bali heifers grazing native pasture during wet season in Timor was low (35 g/d), and providing high quality forages as supplements at night significantly improved LWG by up 205%. Yet, the magnitude of LWG response varies according to type of forage, with the best result achieved by heifers given Gliricidia sepium leaf. Key Words:Â Bali Cattle, Grazing, Native Pasture, Wet Season, Supplement

Quantification of the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis in steers fed green tropical grass Marthen L. Mullik; Dennis P. Poppi; Stuart R. Mclennan
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 14, No 2 (2009): JUNE 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures are always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical forage will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457 ± 20.1 kg) were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon afterward. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Mean crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate was 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM) respectively. Mean DM intake was 1.6% liveweight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92%/h for fluid and solids respectively. Mean EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matters. It is concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was at the level below the minimum recommended value for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. Key words: Microbial Protein, Efficiency, Tropical Grass, Cattle

Anaerobic fermentation effectively reduces concentration of total tannins in Chromolaena odorata Yelly M. Mullik; Muhammad Ridla; Iwan Prihantoro; Marthen L. Mullik
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 21, No 1 (2016): MARCH 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Chromolaena odorata is a potential feed source but its usage is hampered by presence of various secondary metabolic compounds in plant’s tissues. One group of them is tannin. This experiment was aimed to evaluate various pre-treatment methods on total tannin concentration and in vitro digestibility of dry- and organic-matter. An 8 x 3 completely randomized experimental design was employed to test 8 different treatments. The treatments were: Fresh = freshly-chopped chromolaena leaves as control, Sun-dried = sun-dried (3x 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Oven-dried = oven-dried (60oC for 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Boiled = water-boiled (5 minutes) chromolaena leaves, RenWater = water-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenNaOH = NaOH-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenHCl = HCl-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, and Fermented = anaerobically-fermented (21 days) chromolaena leaves. Parameters measured were concentration of total tannins and nutrient content. The results showed that application of low heat (Sun-dried), hot water (Boiled), water soaking (RenWater), or unaeobic fermentation technique significantly reduced total tannin by 43% into 62% compared to control. The highest suppression (62%) was achieved by Fermented treatment. In the contrary, medium heat application (oven-dried at 60°C) or chemicaltreatments (HCl or NaOH) had no effect. Protein content of chromolaena was improved by 60% and crude fiber was reduced by 32% in Fermentaed treatment compared to the control. It could be concluded that anaerobic fermentation can be used an effective strategy to reduce tannin concentration in Chromolaena odorata without affecting its feeding value.

Improving growth rate of Bali cattle grazing native pasture in the wet season by supplementing high quality forages Marthen L. Mullik; Bambang Permana
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 14, No 3 (2009): SEPTEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

This grazing experiment aimed at assessing effects of providing high quality forage as supplements for Bali cattle grazing native pasture in the wet season. Twenty four Bali heifers with a mean live weight of 85.4±3.8 kg were allotted into four reatments. The treatments were (1) grazing only, (2) grazing + Gliricidia sepium leaf, (3) grazing + Acacia villosa leaf, and (4) grazing + Lannea grandis leaf. The heifers grazed together on a 25 ha Bothriochloa timorensis dominant pasture during the day (0700 h to 1700 h) in wet season, and supplements were provided at night. The supplements were given in accordance to achieve 30% refusal. Total intake was estimated by marker technique (Cr2O3). Live weight was recorded twice a month. Data were subjected to statistical analysis based on general linear model suited to a completely random design. The results showed that growth rate of Bali heifers grazing native pasture during wet season in Timor was low (35 g/d), and providing high quality forages as supplements at night significantly improved LWG by up 205%. Yet, the magnitude of LWG response varies according to type of forage, with the best result achieved by heifers given Gliricidia sepium leaf. Key Words: Bali Cattle, Grazing, Native Pasture, Wet Season, Supplement

Supplementation strategies to improve efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis on cattles fed with tropical grass hay Marthen L Mullik
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 1 (2006): MARCH 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

This experiment aimed at increasing rumen microbial protein supply into intestine through ration manipulation. Four Santa Gertrudis steers with a mean liveweight (W) of 218 (±5.6) kg were used in a latin square design (4 x 4) to observe the effect of four diets on the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). The steers were given pangola grass hay (8.5% protein) as the basal diet. The treatments were 1) pangola grass hay alone (KON), 2) pangola grass hay + 19 g urea/kg dry matter (DM) hay (URE), 3) as for treatment URE + a supplement mix at 0.5% W (SUP), and 4) as for treatment SUP + salt at 0.15% W (SUG). Urea was added into the hay to support a theoretical EMPS of 160 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter (DOM) whereas supplement mix contains fast, medium, and slow rumen fermentable energy and protein to synchronise energy and protein release in the rumen. Salt was added to alter passage rate of digesta. Addition of urea alone or with supplement mix increased EMPS significantly compared to KON (77 g MCP/kg DOM) but no difference between URE (119 g MCP/kg DOM) and SUP (110 g MCP/kg DOM). Addition of salt into supplement mix increased EMPS by 84% (140 g MCP/kg DOM). It might be concluded that rumen degradable protein (RDP) was deficient in steers fed low quality grass hay hence urea supplementation significantly increased EMPS to a similar extent as that of the supplement mix formulated to have a synchrony in protein and energy release. Increasing fluid dilution rate, by adding salt, also had a dramatic affect on EMPS as observed in treatment SUG. It increased up to the level suggested in the International feeding standards. Key Words: Microbial Protein, Soluble Protein, Dilution Rate, Supplement, Tropical Grass

Pengaruh Pemupukan Nitrogen dan Umur Tanaman terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Rumput Kume (Sorghum plumosum var. timorense) F. K. Keraf; Y. Nulik; M. L. Mullik
Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Vol 17, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpi.17.2.123-130.2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi dan kualitas sorghum plumosum var. timorense dengan pemberian pupuk nitrogen dan umur tanaman. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 4 level pupuk nitrogen (faktor 1) dan 6 level umur tanaman (faktor 2) yang diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan, jumlah anakan, produksi biomasa, kandungan nutrisi dan kecernaan in vitro. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk nitrogen berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi bahan kering dan produksi serat kasar, namun berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap laju pertumbuhan, jumlah anakan, produksi bahan organik, produksi protein kasar, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik. Sedangkan faktor umur tanaman berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Interaksi kedua faktor tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap jumlah anakan, produksi bahan kering, produksi bahan organik dan produksi serat kasar, namun berpengaruh (P<0,5) terhadap laju pertumbuhan, produksi protein kasar dan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik.

Penurunan Total Tanin Silase Semak Bunga Putih (Chromolaena odorata) dengan Aditif Tepung Putak (Coryphaelata robx) dan Isi Rumen Sapi muhammad ridla; Yelly Magdalena Mulik; Iwan Prihantoro; Marthen Luther Mullik
Buletin Peternakan Vol 40, No 3 (2016): BULETIN PETERNAKAN VOL. 40 (3) OKTOBER 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i3.12838

This study was aimed to assess the effect of the addition of putak meal (as a source of carbohydrates) and rumen content (as a source of enzymes) in the making of C. odorata silage to the total content of tannins and nutrient content of C. odorata silage. The treatments were: CO (C. odorata), COP (C. odorata + 10% of putak meal), COPR5 (C. odorata + 10% of putak meal + 5% of rumen content), and COPR10 (C. odorata + 10% of putak meal + 10% of rumen content). The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design, with 4 x 2 factorial patterns. The first factor was the treatment (CO, COP, COPR4, COPR10) and the second factor is the silage fermentation time (0 days and 21 days). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. The variables measured were concentration of total tannin content and nutrient content. The results showed that the addition of (10% of putak meal and 10% of rumen content) decrease total tannins of the silage by 15.50%. The nutrient content (OM and OP) increased by 3.45% and 41.81% respectively as well as a decline in crude fiber 3% when compared to the silage without additives. Fermentation time of C. odorata silage for 21 days produced the best quality silage fermentation time compared to 0 days.

QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF RUMEN MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN STEERS FED GREEN TROPICAL GRASS MARTHEN L. MULLIK; DENNIS P. POPP; STUART R. McLENNAN
Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan Vol 11 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (283.185 KB)

ABSTRACT The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical grass will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457±20.1 kg) were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon after. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Crude protein and water soluble carbohydrates content were 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM) respectively. DM intake was 1.6% live weight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92 %/h for fluid and solids respectively. EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter. It might be concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was below the minimum level for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. ABSTRAK Tingkat pasokan protein mikroba rumen (MCP) ke usus halus merupakan salah satu unsur kunci dalam meramal respon pertumbuhan ruminan terhadap ransum tertentu. Data MCP hijauan tropis selalu berada di bawah nilai prediksi model rumen yang dipakai saat ini. Dengan demikian, kuantifikasi pasokan MCP rumput tropis diharapkan menjadi masukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prediksi model rumen untuk pakan daerah tropis. Empat sapi jantan muda Brahman persilangan (457±20,1 kg) digunakan dalam sebuah penelitian metabolisme. Rumput pangola (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) dipanen setiap pagi dan langsung diberikan kepada ternak dalam kandang metabolis. Parameter yang diukur adalah produksi MCP dan efisiensi sintesis MCP (Emps), konsumsi, laju alir digesta, dan konsentrasi amonia rumen. Nilai EMPS diestimasi menggunakan turunan purin dalam urin. Kandungan protein kasar dan karbohidrat mudah larut adalah 6.3 % and 7.4%. Rata-rata konsumsi BK adalah 1.6% berat badan. Konsentrasi amonia rumen 69 mg/L, sedangkan laju alir digesta cair sebesar 7.84 %/jam and padat sebesar 6.92 %/jam. Rata-rata EMPS hanya 72 g MCP/kg bahan organik tercerna. Disimpulkan bahwa nilai EMPS untuk rumput tropis segar yang dikonsumsi oleh sapi jantan berada di bawah nilai standar hijauan yang dipedomani dewasa ini.

PENINGKATAN RASIO UREA:UREASE DALAM PROSES HIDROLISIS ALKALI MENURUNKAN KOMPONEN KARBOHIDRAT STRUKTURAL PADA RUMPUT KUME (Sorghum plumosum var. Timorense) KERING Twen O. Dami Dato; Marthen L. Mullik
Pastura : Jurnal Ilmu Tumbuhan Pakan Ternak Vol 9 No 1 (2019): Pastura Vol. 9 No. 1 Tahun 2019
Publisher : Udayana University

Kandungan karbohidrat struktural terutama lignin rumput Kume (Sorghum plumosum var. Timorense) kering relatif tinggi sehingga menurunkan nilai manfaatnya sebagai pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa rumput Kume dengan cara hidrolisis alkali menggunakan filtrat abu sekam padi (FASP) dan penambahan urea dan enzim urease pada rasio yang berbeda. Metode eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 6 × 3 untuk menguji 6 perlakuan yakni: RK1= Rumput Kume kering dipercik FASP 15% b/v dihidrolisis selama 3 jam, RK2= RK1 + urea 4%, RK3 = RK1 + urea 4% + urease 8% (1:2), RK4= RK1 + urea 4% + urease 12% (1:3), RK5= RK1 + urea 4% + urease 16% (1:4), dan RK6= RK1 + urea 4% + urease 20% (1:5). Sebagai kontrol adalah rumput Kume kering yang tidak dihidrolisis. Tiap unit percobaan digunakan 1 kg rumput Kume kering (basis bahan kering) sebagai substrat dan dihidrolisis dalam 1 silo kantong plastik selama 3 jam. Proses pembuatan FSAP sesuai petunjuk Dami Dato (1998). Ke dalam satu liter FASP ditambahkan 40g urea dan 10g kalsium karbonat sebagai sumber kalsium, 18g garam dapur sebagai sumber natrium, dan 2g belerang sebagai sumber sulfur. Prosedur hidrolisis dilakukan sesuai petunjuk Sutrisno dkk. (1986). Variabel yang diamati adalah perubahan kandungan neutral detergent fibre (NDF), hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin, dan acid detergent fibre (ADF). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik sesuai prosedur General linear model untuk RAL dan perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji menggunakan uji Duncan pada nilai ? = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rasio urea:urease dari 1:2 hingga 1:5 sangat nyata menurunkan kandungan NDF sebesar 7,87 19,49%, hemiselulosa sebesar 31,10-65,72%, selulosa sebesar 15,13- 31,60%, lignin sebesar 3,97-20,16%, dan meningkatkan kandaungan ADF sebesar 8,84-13,78%; namun tidak ada perbedaan antara rasio 1:4 (RK 5) dan 1:5 (RK6) untuk semua variabel. Disimpulkan bahwa, hidrolisis rumput Kume kering secara alkali menggunakan FASP dan ditambahi urea dan enzim urease dengan rasio 1:4 merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menurunkan kandungan NDF, hemiselulosa, selulosa, lignin, dan meningkatkan kandungan ADF dalam rumput Kume kering.

Co-Authors Bambang Permana Bambang Permana Bambang Permana Debora Kanahau DENNIS P. POPP Dennis P. Poppi F. K. Keraf Franky M S Telupere Iwan Prihantoro Iwan Prihantoro Jelantik, I Gusti Ngurah Johanis Ly M. E. Manafe M. L. Ressie M. M. Sadipun Muhammad Ridla Simon Edison Mulik STUART R. McLENNAN T. D. Dato Tony Basuki Twen O. Dami Dato Vinensius Darmin Y. Nulik Yelly M. Mullik Yelly Magdalena Mulik Yohana Kamlasi

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