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Densification process of Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and Matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) Sawdust Waste for Biomass Based Solid Fuel Source in West Papua Indonesia: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Agus Prasetya; Halomoan Siagian; Felix Arie Setiawan; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, S.T., M.E, D.Eng.
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.66024

Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) are two amongst many prominent biomass sources from West Papua, Indonesia. With their versatile characteristics, merbau and matoa wood are used in many industries such as furniture, music instrument, and many other specialty products. However, wood processing industries can emit up to 60% of the residue. In this study, the usage of both merbau and matoa sawdust wastes as solid fuel was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). merbau and matoa sawdust are sieved to get the desired particle size (-20+50 mesh). Two kinds of the sawdust are then mixed in various compositions (70, 50, and 30% merbau). The mixed sawdust is then mixed with varied sticky starch solutions (1, 5, and 10%) to be formed in pellets with various moulding compression force (50, 100, and 150 kg/cm²). The pellets are then analyzed for its characteristics such as ash, moisture contents, and calorific value to be compared with its initial conditions. A full three-level factorial design under RSM was applied to explain the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that statistically, merbau content, binder content, and compressive force showed relatively significant effects on the studied responses (ash content, moisture content, and calorific value). In addition, ANOVA analysis proved that each variable has significant effects on the responses that are confirmed by practically zero P-value. The coefficient of determinations (R²) are all above 0.96 and the normal probability plots confirm that the proposed models adequate the experimental results.Keywords: biomass waste; densification; merbau; matoa; RSM A B S T R A KMerbau (Intsia bijuga) dan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forster) adalah dua di antara sumber biomassa potensial yang berasal dari Papua Barat, Indonesia. Dengan karakteristiknya yang serbaguna, merbau dan matoa digunakan di banyak industri seperti furnitur, alat musik, dan banyak produk khusus lainnya. Namun, industri pengolahan kayu dapat menghasilkan hingga 60% residu. Di Pada penelitian ini, pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa sebagai bahan bakar padat dipelajari dengan menggunakan response surface method (RSM). Serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa diayak untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang diinginkan (-20+50 mesh). Dua jenis serbuk gergaji kemudian dicampur dalam berbagai komposisi (70, 50, dan 30% merbau). Serbuk gergaji yang sudah tercampur kemudian dicampur dengan bahan perekat yang bervariasi larutan pati (1, 5, dan 10%) untuk dibentuk dalam pelet dengan berbagai gaya tekan cetakan (50, 100, dan 150 kg/cm²). Pelet kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya seperti abu, kadar air, dan nilai kalor untuk dibandingkan dengan kondisi awalnya. Sebuah desain RSM tiga faktorial penuh diterapkan untuk menjelaskan korelasi antara variabel independen dan variabel terikat. Secara statistik, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar merbau, kadar pengikat, dan gaya tekan menunjukkan efek yang relatif signifikan pada respons yang dipelajari (abu kadar air, kadar air, dan nilai kalor). Selain itu, analisis ANOVA membuktikan bahwa masing-masing variabel memiliki efek signifikan pada tanggapan yang dikonfirmasi oleh nilai P yang mendekati nol. Koefisien determinasi (R²) seluruhnya berada di atas 0,96 dan grafik probabilitas normal mengonfirmasi bahwa model yang diusulkan cukup sesuai dengan hasil eksperimen.Kata kunci: limbah biomassa; densifikasi; merbau; matoa; RSM

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Boy Arief Fachri; Felix Arie Setiawan; Helda Wika Amini; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Atiqa Rahmawati; Ari Susanti; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (March 2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.1.8872.31-43

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang Menjadi Nata de Musa di Kabupaten Lumajang Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Felix Arie Setiawan
Warta Pengabdian Vol 14 No 3 (2020): Warta Pengabdian
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/wrtp.v14i3.14873

Kabupaten Lumajang merupakan salah satu daerah yang berada di kawasan tapal kuda Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan sentra industri pengolahan pisang Karunia Jaya di Desa Kalipenggung, Kecamatan Randuagung. Usaha pengolahan pisang yang secara langsung mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Lumajang, baik dari sektor pemasukan maupun tenaga kerja sehingga keberlangsungannya sangat penting demi kemajuan daerah Lumajang sebagai sentra industri pertanian. Kulit pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk unggulan seperti Nata de Musa, tepung kulit pisang, bioplastik, dll. melalui serangkaian proses produksi. Melimpahnya kulit pisang dari sisa produksi pengolahan pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk olahan karena kulit pisang memiliki komposisi air 68,90%, karbohidrat 18,50%, lemak 2,11%, protein 0,32% dan komposisi kandungan kimia lainnya. Tingginya kandungan karbohidrat dari kulit pisang membuat bahan ini sangat cocok untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar nata de musa. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan nata dari kulit pisang sangat cocok sebagai diversifikasi produk olahan kulit pisang. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi dua tahapan yakni sosialisasi terkait pemanfaatan kulit pisang menjadi nata dan praktik langsung pembuatan nata dari kulit pisang. Kegiatan ini menghasilkanwawasan tambahan bagi masyarakat bahwa limbah kulit pisang tidak hanya dibuang atau dijadikan pakan ternak dimana limbah kulit pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi Nata de Musa sehingga memiliki nilai tambah.Produk Nata de Musa dapat dijadikan sebagai produk unggulan Desa Kalipenggung dan meningkatkan perekonomian warga.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS ON COTTON FABRICS COLORED BY GAMBIR NATURAL DYES (UNCARIA GAMBIR) Edia Rahayuningsih; Felix Arie Setiawan; Conny Julanda Ayanie; Ambrosius Aditya; Yosephine Intan Ayuningtyas
JURNAL KONVERSI Vol 8, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

The increasing interest in the use of natural dyes is not accompanied by sufficient information and method for the application due to broad natural dyes resources existence. Gambir (Uncaria gambir), one of promising favorable natural dyes, has been used as batik coloring for decades. However, the application of gambir extract as a textile colorant faces a severe problem to be encountered which is the microbial growth such as fungi, mold, and bacteria. This study proposed several antifungal agents to suppress the growth of the fungus such as chitosan, aloe vera, and formaldehyde. To conduct the fungus inhibition concentration of every antifungal agent, Aspergillus niger was introduced on the colored cloth medium with the addition of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) growth media. Three methods of antifungal addition during the coloring process were investigated namely pre-coloring, post-coloring, and mix coloring process. The growth of Aspergillus niger was observed and measured the diameter and thickness of the colony. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the treatment significantly. The result showed that all concentration of chitosan and formaldehyde addition, significantly, could suppress the fungus growth. However, formaldehyde is a toxic ingredient and harmful to the environment which becomes a limitation in the application. Meanwhile, from the significance level, Aloe vera could not inhibit the Aspergillus niger growth with the addition of 2 and 5 g/L, but it could suppress the Aspergillus niger growth with the addition of 8 g/L. Furthermore, the optimum condition was observed on the addition of 5 g/L chitosan at post-coloring method because of the minimum growth area of the Aspergillus niger.

Studi Awal Pembuatan Membran Chitosan-Silica Based dari Berbagai Limbah Felix Arie Setiawan; I Made Arimbawa; Navisa Ayudia Putri; Boy Arief Fachri
CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Jember memiliki potensi perikanan terutama udang sebagai sumber kitin yang merupakan dasar pembuatan kitosan. Kitosan berasal dari limbah kulit udang yang dicampur dengan limbah lain yaitu padatan silika dari Pembangkit Listrik Panas Bumi dan fly ash dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap untuk menghasilkan membran yang dapat digunakan dalam filtrasi logam berat dalam air. Membran tanpa silika dibuat sebagai negative control dan dengan silika murni sebagai positive control. Membran kitosan dibuat dengan cara mencampurkan 1,0 gram kitosan dalam 100 mL larutan asam asetat 2% v/v dan 0,8 gram senyawa silika serta 0,5 gram polyethylene glycol. Membran yang telah dibuat diuji untuk menyaring larutan yang mengandung logam berat Cu dan Pb. Konsentratsi optimum dari Cu dan Pb dalam badan cairan dapat dikurangi sebesar 87% dan 80% menggunakan membran kitosan-silika.

Densification process of Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and Matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) Sawdust Waste for Biomass Based Solid Fuel Source in West Papua Indonesia: Optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Agus Prasetya; Halomoan Siagian; Felix Arie Setiawan; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, S.T., M.E, D.Eng.
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.66024

Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) are two amongst many prominent biomass sources from West Papua, Indonesia. With their versatile characteristics, merbau and matoa wood are used in many industries such as furniture, music instrument, and many other specialty products. However, wood processing industries can emit up to 60% of the residue. In this study, the usage of both merbau and matoa sawdust wastes as solid fuel was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). merbau and matoa sawdust are sieved to get the desired particle size (-20+50 mesh). Two kinds of the sawdust are then mixed in various compositions (70, 50, and 30% merbau). The mixed sawdust is then mixed with varied sticky starch solutions (1, 5, and 10%) to be formed in pellets with various moulding compression force (50, 100, and 150 kg/cm²). The pellets are then analyzed for its characteristics such as ash, moisture contents, and calorific value to be compared with its initial conditions. A full three-level factorial design under RSM was applied to explain the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that statistically, merbau content, binder content, and compressive force showed relatively significant effects on the studied responses (ash content, moisture content, and calorific value). In addition, ANOVA analysis proved that each variable has significant effects on the responses that are confirmed by practically zero P-value. The coefficient of determinations (R²) are all above 0.96 and the normal probability plots confirm that the proposed models adequate the experimental results.Keywords: biomass waste; densification; merbau; matoa; RSM A B S T R A KMerbau (Intsia bijuga) dan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forster) adalah dua di antara sumber biomassa potensial yang berasal dari Papua Barat, Indonesia. Dengan karakteristiknya yang serbaguna, merbau dan matoa digunakan di banyak industri seperti furnitur, alat musik, dan banyak produk khusus lainnya. Namun, industri pengolahan kayu dapat menghasilkan hingga 60% residu. Di Pada penelitian ini, pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa sebagai bahan bakar padat dipelajari dengan menggunakan response surface method (RSM). Serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa diayak untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang diinginkan (-20+50 mesh). Dua jenis serbuk gergaji kemudian dicampur dalam berbagai komposisi (70, 50, dan 30% merbau). Serbuk gergaji yang sudah tercampur kemudian dicampur dengan bahan perekat yang bervariasi larutan pati (1, 5, dan 10%) untuk dibentuk dalam pelet dengan berbagai gaya tekan cetakan (50, 100, dan 150 kg/cm²). Pelet kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya seperti abu, kadar air, dan nilai kalor untuk dibandingkan dengan kondisi awalnya. Sebuah desain RSM tiga faktorial penuh diterapkan untuk menjelaskan korelasi antara variabel independen dan variabel terikat. Secara statistik, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar merbau, kadar pengikat, dan gaya tekan menunjukkan efek yang relatif signifikan pada respons yang dipelajari (abu kadar air, kadar air, dan nilai kalor). Selain itu, analisis ANOVA membuktikan bahwa masing-masing variabel memiliki efek signifikan pada tanggapan yang dikonfirmasi oleh nilai P yang mendekati nol. Koefisien determinasi (R²) seluruhnya berada di atas 0,96 dan grafik probabilitas normal mengonfirmasi bahwa model yang diusulkan cukup sesuai dengan hasil eksperimen.Kata kunci: limbah biomassa; densifikasi; merbau; matoa; RSM

Optimization Model on the Effect of Clove Oil, Formaldehyde, and Chitosan Added to Batik Fabric Colored with Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb): Antifungal Properties and Stability Edia Rahayuningsih; Felix Arie Setiawan; Conny Julanda Ayanie; Ambrosius Aditya Antoko; Yosephine Intan Ayuningtyas; Himawan Bayu Petrus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Triggered by the concept of sustainability, the use of natural dyes in batik fabric processing has increased recently. To inhibit fungus growth on batik fabric colored with natural dyes, either clove oil or formaldehyde was added as an antifungal agent. To increase the stability of the interaction between the antifungal agent and the batik fabric, chitosan was used as a crosslinker. A modified version of the standard tests American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) 30 and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied as the characterization method. The results showed that the growth percentage of fungi in Batik treated with either clove oil or formaldehyde was much lower than that in the control sample. Growth of Aspergillus niger could be prevented by about 32% using clove oil and 94% using formaldehyde. The optimal condition was obtained with 1% chitosan as a crosslinking reagent, 15.91 ppm of formaldehyde, and 60-min immersion time, with absorbance intensity of formaldehyde crosslinking solution and fungus growth areas being 0.159 and 2.47%, respectively.

Stainless Steel Cyclic Voltammograms in Dioscorea Opposita Flour Media Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise; Siti Marwati; S. Sulistyani; Heru Pratomo Al; Felix Arie Setiawan
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): IJOST: VOLUME 6, ISSUE 3, December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ijost.v6i3.39078

Improving the efficiency of hydrogen gas production in the water electrolysis process draws great attention from many scholars. To improve the efficiency of the process and reduction in the cost, stainless steel has been widely implemented in the industrial water electrolysis process. Electrolyte modification is also one of the methods to improve the water electrolysis process. The study used Dioscorea opposita tuber flour as a media addition in an alkaline solution. The efficiency of water electrolysis was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The result showed that the activity of the electrode and energy consumption were increased with values of 29 and 23%, respectively, by adding 3 g of the media. However, no media addition showed the lowest energy consumption regarding overpotential value. In general, the Dioscorea opposita tuber flour tends to cover the electrode and reduce the activity. Moreover, the utilization of wastewater from Dioscorea opposita flour industry is still beneficial to produce hydrogen gas instead of using freshwater.

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Boy Arief Fachri; Felix Arie Setiawan; Helda Wika Amini; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Atiqa Rahmawati; Ari Susanti; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (March 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.1.8872.31-43

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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