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Journal : Jurnal Hortikultura

Pembentukan Benih Sintetik Tanaman Nenas Roostika, Ika; Purnamaningsih, R; Supriati, Y; Mariska, Ika; Khumaida, N; Wattimena, GA
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

Nenas merupakan tanaman buah tropis dan subtropis yang komersial. Kultivar Smooth Cayenne memiliki tipe dan jumlah propagul yang terbatas, sehingga diperlukan dukungan teknologi lainnya untuk produksi benih secara masal. Teknologi benih sintetik dapat diterapkan untuk produksi benih secara masal dan konservasi. Tujuan  penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi auksin dan sitokinin terhadap morfogenesis eksplan nenas yang terenkapsulasi, mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara suhu penyimpanan dengan konsentrasi paklobutrazol atau manitol terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan nenas yang terenkapsulasi dan masa simpan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Bulan April sampai dengan Desember 2011 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap terdiri atas enkapsulasi eksplan, pertumbuhan minimal menggunakan paklobutrazol, atau manitol yang dikombinasikan dengan suhu penyimpanan. Enkapsulasi dilakukan terhadap batang semu dan basal daun menggunakan Na-alginat 3% yang berisi media MS dengan penambahan BA (0, 1, 2, dan 3 mg/l) yang dikombinasikan dengan NAA (0, 1, 2, dan 3 mg/l). Untuk memacu proses diferensiasi, basal daun diberi praperlakuan menggunakan media MS yang mengandung BA 0,5 mg/l dan NAA 0,5 mg/l sebelum dienkapsulasi dengan perlakuan BA dan NAA pada konsentrasi 0; 0,5; dan 1 mg/l.  Pertumbuhan minimal dilakukan menggunakan paklobutrazol (0, 1, 2, dan 3 mg/l) atau manitol (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5%) pada suhu penyimpanan 15 dan 25 0C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa basal daun nenas yang terenkapsulasi mampu berdiferensiasi setelah praperlakuan. Tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara konsentrasi paklobutrazol dengan suhu penyimpanan terhadap daya hidup dan daya tembus kapsul tunas nenas. Biakan tersebut hanya dapat disimpan selama 1 bulan. Interaksi yang nyata juga tidak dijumpai antara konsentrasi manitol dengan suhu penyimpanan terhadap daya hidup dan daya tembus kapsul embrio somatik nenas. Manitol 4% mampu memperpanjang masa simpan hingga 4 bulan. Manitol dapat menggantikan aplikasi suhu rendah dalam penyimpanan kultur nenas yang terenkapsulasi. Pineapple is a commercial tropical and subtropical fruit crop. Smooth Cayenne cultivar has limited type and number of propagules so that it should be supported by the other technology to produce plenty seedlings. Artificial seed can be applied for seed production and conservation. The objectives of the study were to know the effect of combination treatments between auxin and cytokinin to the morphogenesis of encapsulated pineapple cultures, to know the effect of paclobutrazol, mannitol, and temperature of storage to the growth of encapsulated pineapple cultures. The experiment was conducted from April to December 2011 at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Researchers Group of Cell and Tissue of Biology, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor. Factorial of a completey randomized design was used. The study consisted of encapsulation, minimal growth by using paclobutrazol or mannitol combined with storage temperature. Encapsulation was conducted by using 3% Na-alginat containing of MS medium with addition of BA (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/l) combined with NAA (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/l). To promote differentiation, leaf bases were pre-cultured on MS media containing BA and NAA at concentration of 0.5 mg/l respectively prior to encapsulated by BA and NAA (0; 0.5; and 1 mg/l). Minimal growth was conducted by using paclobutrazol (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/l), or mannitol (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%), and combined with storage temperature (15 and 25 0C). The results showed that encapsulated leaf bases of pineapple could differentiate after pre-treatment. There was no interaction between paclobutrazol and temperature to the survival rate and emergence rate of the encapsulated cultures. The encapsulated shoots could be stored for 1 months. There was also no interaction between mannitol and temperature to the survival rate and emergence rate of the encapsulated cultures. By using somatic embryos and 4% mannitol, the storage period could be prolonged for 4 months. Mannitol could substitute the use of low temperature in the conservation of encapsulated pineapple cultures.
Regenerasi Kultur Lengkeng Dataran Rendah cv. Diamond River melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Roostika, Ika; Arief, V N; Sunarlim, N
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Beberapa kultivar lengkeng toleran dataran rendah telah diintroduksi ke Indonesia termasuk lengkengcv. Diamond River. Kultivar tersebut telah dibudidayakan secara komersial di daerah Kalimantan Barat. Namun,pengembangannya menghadapi kendala dalam hal penyediaan bibit. Dalam rangka memperoleh bibit lengkengdalam jumlah yang berlimpah, perlu penerapan teknik kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginduksidan meregenerasikan kalus embriogenik lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Induksi kalus dilakukan menggunakan daunmuda sebagai eksplan. Regenerasi kalus embriogenik dilakukan dalam 4 tahap. Pada tahap pertama digunakan airkelapa pada konsentrasi 5 dan 10%. Pada tahap kedua, diuji pengaruh auksin (IBA dan NAA) serta sitokinin (BAdan kinetin) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 ppm. Pada tahap ketiga, diuji pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA pada taraf0,1; 0,5; dan 1 ppm. Pada tahap keempat diuji perlakuan sukrosa pada taraf 2 dan 3% dengan atau tanpa auksin(IBA dan NAA) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 dan 1 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regenerasi melaluiembriogenesis somatik berpeluang diterapkan pada tanaman lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Respons kalus embriogeniklebih dominan ke arah pembentukan akar daripada tunas. Penggunaan media yang mengandung NAA 1 ppm mampumeningkatkan pembentukan tunas hingga mencapai lebih dari 30%, sedangkan penggunaan sukrosa 3% tanpa auksinmampu meningkatkan pembentukan planlet hingga mencapai 12%. Persentase keberhasilan aklimatisasi adalahsebesar 14%.ABSTRACT. Roostika, I., V.N. Arief, and N. Sunarlim. 2009. Regeneration of Lowland Longan cv. DiamondRiver through Somatic Embryogenesis. Several low-land longan cultivars have been introduced to Indonesia,including cultivar of Diamond River. This cultivar has been planted commercially and produced well in WestKalimantan. Unfortunately, the development of this cultivar was facing a problem on the availability of plantingmaterials. In order to provide large number of Diamond River seedlings, tissue culture technique was used. Theaim of the study was to induce and regenerate embryogenic calli of longan cv. Diamond River. A research on callusinduction was conducted using young leaves as explants source. Regeneration of embryogenic calli was conductedin 4 steps. The first, coconut water at the rate of 5 and 10% were used. The second, the auxin (IBA and NAA) andcytokinin (BA and kinetin) at the level of 0.5 ppm, respectively were tested. The third, the IBA and NAA at thelevel of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm were used. The fourth, the sucrose at the level of 2 and 3% with or without addition ofIBA and NAA at the level of 0.5 and 1 ppm were used respectively. The results showed that somatic embryogenesisregeneration was potentially applied to longan cv. Diamond River. The root formation was more dominant than theshoot formation. The use of 1 ppm NAA could increase the shoot formation up to more than 30% whereas the useof 3% sucrose without auxin could increase the plantlet formation up to 12%. The 14% of plantlet produced by thistechnique grew well during acclimatization period.
Regenerasi Kultur Lengkeng Dataran Rendah cv. Diamond River melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Roostika, Ika; Arief, V N; Sunarlim, N
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n1.2010.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Beberapa kultivar lengkeng toleran dataran rendah telah diintroduksi ke Indonesia termasuk lengkengcv. Diamond River. Kultivar tersebut telah dibudidayakan secara komersial di daerah Kalimantan Barat. Namun,pengembangannya menghadapi kendala dalam hal penyediaan bibit. Dalam rangka memperoleh bibit lengkengdalam jumlah yang berlimpah, perlu penerapan teknik kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginduksidan meregenerasikan kalus embriogenik lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Induksi kalus dilakukan menggunakan daunmuda sebagai eksplan. Regenerasi kalus embriogenik dilakukan dalam 4 tahap. Pada tahap pertama digunakan airkelapa pada konsentrasi 5 dan 10%. Pada tahap kedua, diuji pengaruh auksin (IBA dan NAA) serta sitokinin (BAdan kinetin) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 ppm. Pada tahap ketiga, diuji pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA pada taraf0,1; 0,5; dan 1 ppm. Pada tahap keempat diuji perlakuan sukrosa pada taraf 2 dan 3% dengan atau tanpa auksin(IBA dan NAA) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 dan 1 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regenerasi melaluiembriogenesis somatik berpeluang diterapkan pada tanaman lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Respons kalus embriogeniklebih dominan ke arah pembentukan akar daripada tunas. Penggunaan media yang mengandung NAA 1 ppm mampumeningkatkan pembentukan tunas hingga mencapai lebih dari 30%, sedangkan penggunaan sukrosa 3% tanpa auksinmampu meningkatkan pembentukan planlet hingga mencapai 12%. Persentase keberhasilan aklimatisasi adalahsebesar 14%.ABSTRACT. Roostika, I., V.N. Arief, and N. Sunarlim. 2009. Regeneration of Lowland Longan cv. DiamondRiver through Somatic Embryogenesis. Several low-land longan cultivars have been introduced to Indonesia,including cultivar of Diamond River. This cultivar has been planted commercially and produced well in WestKalimantan. Unfortunately, the development of this cultivar was facing a problem on the availability of plantingmaterials. In order to provide large number of Diamond River seedlings, tissue culture technique was used. Theaim of the study was to induce and regenerate embryogenic calli of longan cv. Diamond River. A research on callusinduction was conducted using young leaves as explants source. Regeneration of embryogenic calli was conductedin 4 steps. The first, coconut water at the rate of 5 and 10% were used. The second, the auxin (IBA and NAA) andcytokinin (BA and kinetin) at the level of 0.5 ppm, respectively were tested. The third, the IBA and NAA at thelevel of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm were used. The fourth, the sucrose at the level of 2 and 3% with or without addition ofIBA and NAA at the level of 0.5 and 1 ppm were used respectively. The results showed that somatic embryogenesisregeneration was potentially applied to longan cv. Diamond River. The root formation was more dominant than theshoot formation. The use of 1 ppm NAA could increase the shoot formation up to more than 30% whereas the useof 3% sucrose without auxin could increase the plantlet formation up to 12%. The 14% of plantlet produced by thistechnique grew well during acclimatization period.