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Adaptasi Morfologi Fisiologi dan Anatomi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solm) di Berbagai Perairan Tercemar Haryanti, Sri; Hastuti, Rini Budi; Hastuti, Endah Dwi; Nurchayati, Yulita
BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA Vol 14, No 2 (2006): Vol. XIV, No. 2, Oktober 2006
Publisher : BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (646.688 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/baf.v14i2.2576

Abstract

The research was conducted to determine the morphology , physiology and anatomy adaptation from eceng gondok in waste water pollution. The research was done at the laboratory of Botany Structure and function. The design of the experiment use was split plot design based of Completely Randomized Design. First factor was density 2 and 4, second factor was 3 waste was LIK, drugs and metal foundry with water to control. The treatment was 3 replicates, The experiment was long 20 days with leaf morphology parameter ,growth/ physiology parameter ( long root, content of chlorophyl leaf) and anatomy parameter ( leaf,and stalk leaf and root). The result of the research indicated was leaf morphology adaptation on drugs waste and physiology adaptation on third waste and root anatomy adaptation was drugs waste with protrution branch root.
Kandungan Klorofil, Karotenoid, dan Vitamin C pada Beberapa Spesies Tumbuhan Akuatik Kurniawan, Madha; Izzati, Munifatul; Nurchayati, Yulita
BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA Vol 18, No 1 (2010): Vol. XVIII, No. 1, Maret 2010
Publisher : BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (684.593 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/baf.v18i1.2614

Abstract

Aquatic plants have important role in water ecosystem. They serve as the main producer, oxygen suplier and heavy metal absorbtion. Beside that, aquatic plants also economically potencial, such as sources of chlorophyll, carotenoid and vitamin C. The aim of this experiment is to analize the content of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C in 13 species of aquatic plants. It is expected that these plants maybe used for commercial purposes. The plants were collected from Rawa Pening, Genuk stream, and brackish water shrim pond in Kendal and Jepara. These chemical analysis were done by spectrophotometer, whereas vitamin C content was measured using iodometric titration method. Results indicated that the highest content of chlorophyl was resulted by Ipomoea aquatica, which is 22,1 mg/L. The highest content of carotenodid and vitamin C is resulted by Nymphaea sp., which were 3,42 mg/L and 14,1 mg/30 g respectively. It is concluded that Ipomoea aquatica and Nymphaea sp. have good commercial value as sources of pigment and vitamin C.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Alkaloid pada Kalus Berakar Datura metel L. terhadap Peningkatan Mikronutrien dari Medium MS Hadayani, Wahyu; Nurchayati, Yulita; Setiari, Nintya
BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA Vol 12, No 1 (2012): VOL XX, NOMOR 1, TAHUN 2012
Publisher : BULETIN ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI dh SELLULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (242.93 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/baf.v12i1.4763

Abstract

Senyawa alkaloid dari tanaman Solanaceae memiliki potensi obat antara lain sebagai antibakteri bahkan memberi efek halusinasi. Alkaloid pada kecubung, Datura metel disintesis pada organ akar dan diakumulasi pada bagian pucuk. Salah satu metoda untuk produksi senyawa alkaloid tersebut adalah dengan menginduksi perakaran dari kalus yang berasal dari daun (induksi kalus berakar). Produksi alkaloid dapat ditingkatkan dengan memodifikasi komponen mikronutrien dari medium dasar MS (Murashige&Skoog).  Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi mikronutrien terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan alkaloid total dari kalus berakar.  Kultur diperoleh dari induksi kalus dalam medium MS tanpa zat tumbuh dengan perlakuan konsentrasi mikronutrien.  Pertumbuhan kultur ditentukan dari berat segar dan berat kering,   sedangkan kandungan alkaloid total dianalisis dengan metoda titrasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi mikronutrien hingga 2,5 kali dari medium MS menghambat pertumbuhan kalus berakar. Namun demikian, kondisi ini tampak tidak mampu memacu produksi senyawa alkaloid dari kultur.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Senyawa Antioksidan pada Kalus Hibiscus sabdariffa L. dari Eksplan yang Berbeda secara in vitro Noviati, Agustin; Nurchayati, Yulita; Setiari, Nintya
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 22 Issue 1 Year 2014
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3638.594 KB)

Abstract

Ascorbic acid and carotenoid are secondary metabolites found in roselle, which show antioxidant activity. These compounds can be obtained from callus induced  by several kinds of explants. The aims of this experiment is to study callus growth from explants which can encourage high level of antioxidant compounds. The callus was obtained from difference organ, i.e. section of leaf, petiole and flower sepal. Sterilized explants were planted in MS (Murashige&Skoog) combined with 2 mg/L Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) dan 5 mg/L Benzyl Adenin (BA).  This experiment has been conducted by completly randomized design with 5 replicates. Besides fresh weight callus, callus respons from each explants were analyzed descrptively.  Ascorbic acid and carotenoid content were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by titration and spectrophotometric respectively.  The results showed that all kinds of explant dedifferentiated into callus which antioxidant content. Callus from leaf section had the higgest fresh weight with high level ascorbic acid. Whereas the higgest carotenoid level was obtained from callus-derived flower sepals. It conclused that  in vitro callus was useful for producing plant biochemical compounds. Keywords : Callus induction, antioxidant agents, explants, ascorbic acid, cartenoid
Pertumbuhan Tongkol Jagung Baby Corn (Zea Mays L.) Varietas Pioneer-11 Setelah Pemberian Kascing Nurchayati, Yulita; Yuliana, Titis
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 14 issue 4 Year 2006
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (447.125 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRACT---An experiment to obtain high productivity of baby corn’s cob by casting treatment has been conducted. The aims of this experiment were to study the casting effect for baby corn productivity and to obtain the efficient dose of casting to increase baby corn productivity. This experiment was done by a Randomized Complete Design with four treatment and seven replication. The treatments were four kinds of casting dose, i.e 0g/plant, 200g/plant, 400g/plant and 600g/plant in their growth media. The measurable parameter were fresh weights, dry weights and cob quantity of baby corn. The casting was analyzed qualitatively including C/N ratio and organic material of casting. The result showed that the casting can increase the cob of baby corn productivity eventhough the efficient doses of casting to increase the baby corn productivity were not obtained.   Keywords: baby corn, casting, cob
EFEK NAUNGAN DAN UMUR TANAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PROFIL METABOLIT BUNGA KRISAN (CHRYSANTHEMUM SP.) Hana, Puji Nur; Nurchayati, Yulita; Budihastuti, Rini
Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi (Bulletin of Anatomy and Physiology) Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Departemen Biologi Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/baf.5.1.2020.%p

Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan profil metabolit tanaman krisan (Chrysathemum sp.) dipengaruhi umur fisiologi dan cahaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan kombinasi naungan dan umur fisiologi tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan profil metabolit bunga krisan, serta mengetahui senyawa spesifik dari profil metabolit bunga krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Krisan Bandungan Jawa Tengah pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal 4 perlakuan dengan 10 kali ulangan, yaitu kombinasi perlakuan naungan 0% umur fisiologi tanaman 80 HST (P0 U80) dan 125 HST (P0 U125), naungan 75% umur fisiologi tanaman 80 HST (P1 U80) dan 125 HST (P1 U125). Perlakuan P0 U125 menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman paling tinggi yaitu 131,40 cm, dan diameter bunga yang lebih besar yaitu 6,38 cm. Perlakuan P1 U125 menghasilkan jumlah bunga terbanyak yaitu 21,40 bunga. Perlakuan naungan 0% menyebabkan waktu inisiasi bunga lebih cepat 104,1 HST dibanding naungan 75% 112,8 HST. Kesimpulkan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan kombinasi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah bunga pada krisan. Pertumbuhan tanaman krisan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P0 U125, jumlah bunga tertinggi pada perlakuan P1 U125. Terdapat senyawa spesifik etil linoleat pada perlakuan P1 U125, merupakan kelompok senyawa asam lemak pembentuk pyrethrin yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati. Kata kunci: bioinsektisda, metabolit sekunder, intensitas cahaya, umur tanaman
Pertumbuhan Kalus Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varietas Permata F1 dari Jenis Eksplan dan Konsentrasi Sukrosa yang Berbeda secara In Vitro Ulva, Maria; Nurchayati, Yulita; Prihastanti, Erma; Setiari, Nintya
Life Science Vol 8 No 2 (2019): November 2019
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lifesci.v8i2.37103

Abstract

culture. Callus growth is influenced by the type of explant and the composition of the planting medium, one of which is sucrose concentration. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best type of explants for callus culture and find out the optimum sucrose concentration for callus growth. The method used is callus induction in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, with the treatment of sucrose concentration and explant types. Explants were grown in MS media with the addition of 1 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1 ppm benzyl amino purine (BAP). This study uses explants in the form of hypocotyl and cotyledons from tomato sprouts in vitro. The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) in 2x4 factorial pattern. The first factor is the type of explants in the form of hypocotyl and cotyledons. The second factor is sucrose concentration which is 10, 20, 30 and 40g/L. The parameters observed were initiation time, wet weight, dry weight and callus morphology. The results showed that the treatment of explant type did not affect the growth of tomato callus, but different concentrations of sucrose in the media significantly affected. Sucrose at 30-40 g/L is a concentration that can stimulate the growth of tomato callus, both in hypocotyl explants and tomato cotyledo. Keywords: in vitro culture, hypocotyl, cotyledons, sucrose, callus, kultur in vitro, hipokotil, kotiledon, sukrosa, kalus. udidaya tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) dapat dilakukan dengan cara kultur in vitro melalui kultur kalus. Pertumbuhan kalus dipengaruhi oleh jenis eksplan dan komposisi media tanam, salah satunya konsentrasi sukrosa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh jenis eksplan yang paling baik untuk kultur kalus dan mengetahui konsentrasi sukrosa yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan kalus. Metode yang digunakan adalah induksi kalus dalam media Murashige and Skoog (MS), dengan perlakuan konsentrasi sukrosa dan jenis eksplan. Eksplan ditumbuhkan dalam media MS dengan penambahan Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 1 ppm dan Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) 1 ppm. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksplan berupa hipokotil dan kotiledon dari kecambah tomat secara in vitro. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x4. Faktor pertama adalah jenis eksplan berupa hipokotil dan kotiledon. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi sukrosa yaitu 10, 20, 30 dan 40g/L. Parameter yang diamati yaitu waktu inisiasi, berat basah, berat kering, dan morfologi kalus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis eksplan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan kalus tomat, namun konsentrasi sukrosa yang berbeda pada media berpengaruh secara signifikan. Sukrosa sebesar 30 - 40g/L merupakan konsentrasi yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan kalus tomat, baik pada eksplan hipokotil maupun kotiledon kecambah tomat. Kata kunci: in vitro culture, hypocotyl, cotyledons, sucrose, callus, kultur in vitro, hipokotil, kotiledon, sukrosa, kalus
Effects of Light for Callus Induction of Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora Apiculata Bi) by In Vitro I’anatushshoimah, I’anatushshoimah; Nurchayati, Yulita; Prihastanti, Erma; Hastuti, Rini Budi
Life Science Vol 9 No 2 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lifesci.v9i2.47157

Abstract

Initiation of Rhizophora apiculata BI propagation in vitro can be done by callus culture. Induction of mangrove callus has the problem of browning emergence. The phenomenon of browning can be overcome by limiting the treatment of light. The purpose of this research were to study the effect of light duration on callus growth, to understand the duration of light treatment that can spur the optimal callus growth, and to understand the effect of the light treatment on the browning event. The explants used were leaf grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with addition of NAA 1 ppm, BAP 0.3 ppm and activated charcoal 12 g / l. The treatments included 24 hour dark treatment, 24 hours light, dark 16 hours light 8 hours, light 8 hours dark 16 hours with 4 repetitions each. The results showed that the light treatment could induce callus formation while 24 hour dark treatment could reduce browning. All explant grown in conditions exposed to light and dark spewn exudate. The best callus growth (0.1939 g) was obtained in the T16G8 treatment (light 16 hours, dark 8 hours) with the time of the emergence of callus 6 DAP. Research about tissue culture with mangrove plants is rarely conducted because of high browning possibility. Thus, the novelty of this research lies upon the process of browning prevention using light duration treatment so browning could be prevented and mangrove culture could produce callus. Inisiasi perbanyakan Rhizophora apiculata BI secara in vitro dapat dilakukan dengan kultur kalus. Induksi kalus mangrove memiliki masalah munculnya kecoklatan. Fenomena pencoklatan bisa diatasi dengan membatasi perawatan cahaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh lama pencahayaan terhadap pertumbuhan kalus, mengetahui lama perlakuan cahaya yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan kalus yang optimal, dan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan cahaya terhadap kejadian pencoklatan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah daun yang ditanam pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) dengan penambahan NAA 1 ppm, BAP 0,3 ppm dan arang aktif 12 g / l. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi perlakuan gelap 24 jam, terang 24 jam, terang gelap 16 jam 8 jam, terang 8 jam gelap 16 jam dengan masing-masing 4 pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan cahaya dapat menginduksi pembentukan kalus sedangkan perlakuan gelap 24 jam dapat mengurangi pencoklatan. Semua eksplan tumbuh dalam kondisi terpapar eksudat yang dimuntahkan terang dan gelap. Pertumbuhan kalus terbaik (0,1939 g) diperoleh pada perlakuan T16G8 (terang 16 jam, gelap 8 jam) dengan waktu munculnya kalus 6 HST. Penelitian tentang kultur jaringan dengan tanaman mangrove jarang dilakukan karena kemungkinan kecoklatannya tinggi. Dengan demikian, kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada proses pencegahan pencoklatan menggunakan perlakuan durasi yang ringan sehingga pencoklatan dapat dicegah dan kultur mangrove dapat menghasilkan kalus.
Pertumbuhan Kecambah Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro pada Konsentrasi NaClO dan Waktu Sterilisasi yang Berbeda Nida, Khoirin; Luaeliyah, Masrukhatul; Nurchayati, Yulita; Izzati, Munifatul; Setiari, Nintya
Life Science Vol 10 No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lifesci.v10i1.47165

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been cultivated with tubers. One alternative to the propagation of potatoes can be done with seeds that are germinated in vitro. The factors that influence the germination of potato seeds are the concentration of sterilant and time of sterilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the proper sterilant concentration and sterilization time to increase growth in the optimal percentage of germination and potato sprouts. The method used is in vitro culture with different concentrations and time treatment. This study used explants of potato seeds which were sterilized with a concentration of 15% and 20%, 1 and 3 minutes of sterilization. The design used a completely randomized design 2x2 factorial. The factor are sterilant concentration and sterilization time. The parameters observed were germination time, plant height, number of leaves and roots. The results showed that sterile concentration did not affect of germination time but affected the germination. A 15% concentration indicates that germination occurs rapidly, while a 20% concentration inhibits germination. A 15% concentration results in an optimal number of leaves and plant height. The higher the concentration of sterile, tends to inhibit the growth of roots and leaves. Keywords: Sprouts; potatoes; in vitro culture; NaClO; growth; sterilization, Kecambah; kentang; kultur in vitro; NaClO; pertumbuhan; sterilisasi Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) selama ini dibudidayakan dengan umbi. Salah satu alternatif perbanyakan kentang dapat dilakukan dengan biji yang dikecambahkan secara in vitro. Faktor yang mempengaruhi perkecambahan biji kentang adalah konsentrasi sterilan dan waktu sterilisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi sterilan (yang mengandung zat aktif 5,25% NaClO) dan waktu sterilisasi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah kentang. Metode yang digunakan adalah kultur in vitro biji kentang dengan perlakuan konsentrasi sterilan dan waktu sterilisasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan eksplan biji kentang yang dilakukan sterilisasi dengan konsentrasi sterilan 15% dan 20% dan waktu sterilisasi 1 menit dan 3 menit. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x2. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi sterilan dan faktor kedua adalah waktu sterilisasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu perkecambahan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi sterilan tidak berpengaruh terhadap waktu perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah. Konsentrasi sterilan 15% menyebabkan waktu perkecambahan cenderung lebih cepat dan konsentrasi sterilan 20% cenderung menghambat pertumbuhan kecambah. Keywords: Sprouts; potatoes; in vitro culture; NaClO; growth; sterilization, Kecambah; kentang; kultur in vitro; NaClO; pertumbuhan; sterilisasi
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Suren (Toona sinensis Merr.) Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit Yang Diinfeksi Spora Colletotrichum capsici Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kandungan Pigmen Dan Vitamin C Sadiah, Fitriatus; Nurchayati, Yulita; Saptiningsih, Endang
Life Science Vol 10 No 2 (2021): November 2021
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lifesci.v10i2.54442

Abstract

Anthracnose is a disease of cayenne pepper that can be caused by the fungus Colletotrichum capsici. Suren leaf extract contains antifungal compounds. This study aims to determine the potential of suren leaf extract as a fungicide and its effect on growth, content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C in cayenne pepper plants. This study used a single factor completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% concentration of suren extract and mankozeb synthetic fungicide. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further test. The results showed that leaf spot from anthracnose decreased from 50%-100% concentration. Plant height at 50% extract reached 140 cm. The number of leaves in 50% and 100% extracts were 182 and 184 leaves. The highest chlorophyll content in suren extract 75% is 43.20 µmol/g and smallest is at 100% which is 37 μmol/g. The highest carotenoid content in 100% suren extract was 8.64 µmol/g, while the smallest was at concentration of 75%, which was 4.68 µmol/g. This study concluded that suren leaf extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively suppressed leaf spot by 8.06%; 32.25%; 41.93%; and 43.95%. Suren leaf extract can increase the growth of cayenne pepper, chlorophyll, carotenoids and vitamin C. Antraknosa adalah penyakit pada tanaman cabai rawit yang dapat disebabkan jamur Colletotrichum capsici. Ekstrak daun suren mengandung senyawa-senyawa antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun suren sebagai fungisida dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil, karotenoid dan vitamin C pada tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 6 perlakuan yang terdiri atas perlakuan ekstrak suren konsentrasi 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dan perlakuan fungisida sintetik mankozeb. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bercak daun dari penyakit antraknosa menurun mulai dari konsentrasi 50%-100%. Tinggi tanaman pada ekstrak 50% mencapai 140 cm. Jumlah daun pada ekstrak 50% dan 100% adalah 182 dan 184 daun. Kandungan klorofil tertinggi pada ekstrak suren 75% yaitu 43,20 μmol/g dan terendah pada konsentrasi 100% yaitu sebesar 37 μmol/g. Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi pada ekstrak suren 100% yaitu 8,64 μmol/g, sedangkan terendah pada konsentrasi 75% yaitu 4,68 μmol/g. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun suren konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% berturut-turut menekan bercak daun sebesar 8,06%; 32,25%; 41,93%; dan 43,95%. Ekstrak daun suren dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan cabai rawit, klorofil, karotenoid dan vitamin C.