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Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Encephalitis ., Darminto; Bahri, Sjamsul; Saepulloh, Muharam
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Outbreak of encephalitis, which killed more than 80 people in Malaysia, invited public attention throughout the world, especially Â stakeholdersÂ inÂ animal husbandry Â and Â veterinary Â practices.Â TheÂ diseaseÂ was initially Â diagnosed as Japanese-B- encephalitis (JE) which was transmitted to human from infected pigs. Recently, the causal agent of the outbreak has been identified as morbilivirus which was called Hendra-like Virus or Nipah Virus. Indonesia as neighboring country to Malaysia needs to take anticipation to prevent the occurrence of similar outbreak. For anticipation, it is required to understand all diseases, which cause encephalitis, especially the zoonotic diseases. From many infectious diseases of animal, only 17 diseases which are able to cause encephalitis, 9 of them are zoonotic diseases: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western equine encephalomyelitisÂ Â (WEE),Â Â VenezuelanÂ Â equineÂ Â encephalomyelitisÂ Â (VEE),Â Â Japanese-B-encephalitisÂ Â (JE),Â Â MurrayÂ Â valley encephalitis (MVE), Louping-ill, Rabies and Equine morbilivirus (EMV) and Nipah Virus. The viral agents and the mode of transmission to human are discussed in this publication. All those encephalitic zoonoses, except Rabies and JE, are exotic to Indonesia. So it is required to keep the free status of Indonesia to those diseases by strict quarantine measures. All imported animals to Indonesia should be confirmed free from those diseases based on the laboratory examination. Â Key words: Encephalitis, zoonosis, nipah virus

Application of Polymerase Chainreaction (PCR) In Diagnosis of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in Indonesia Saepulloh, Muharam; ., Darminto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal viral disease of cattle, buffalo and other ruminants characterized by proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes and followed by necroses of infected organs . According to the aetiological of the agents, MCFis classified into two types: wildebeest-associatedMCF(WA-MCF) which is caused by Alcelaphinae herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1) and sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) which is caused by Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2). Most MCF cases in Indonesia is SA-MCF. Due to the intact virus of SA-MCF has not been able isolated, the diagnosis of this disease is based on the clinical signs and pathological changes. However, a segment of DNA virus of SA-MCF has been isolated from MCF cases in rabbit, deer, and cattle which provided an opportunity to study a DNA sequencing and led to the development of diagnostic technique based on the molecular biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR technique was able to detect segments of DNA of SA-MCF virus in infected organs . This publication describes the application of PCR for diagnosis of SA-MCF inÂ Indonesia. Key words : MCF, PCR, diagnosis, cattle, buffalo

Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Chickens Saepulloh, Muharam; ., Darminto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry characterized by respiratory disorder such as coughing with blood exudate from the trachea. The disease is caused by Herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae and subfamily of Alphaherpesvirinae. The virus has been characterized as Gallid herpesvirus-1. ILT is worldwide distribution and has been reported to be present in Indonesia. However, the information on the disease in this country is limited. Spread of the ILT among chickens can be by inhalation or digestion, but ELT virus is not transmitted vertically by eggs . The morbidity rate of the disease is about 90-100% with mortality rate between 10-70%. ILT may reduce body weight gain and reduce egg production, so it causes lost in layers, broilers as well as breeders . Diagnosis of the disease can be based on the isolation and identification of the virus using embryonated chicken eggs. There is no treatment available for ILT, so the control of the disease is mainly by vaccination. To ensure the results of vaccination program, monitoring antibody titres following vaccination is essentially required. The most widely used serological test for antibody monitoring is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Keywords : ILT, epidemiology, diagnosis, control, chicken

Study and Control of Newcastle Disease in Ducks Saepulloh, Muharam; ., Darminto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A study on the infection of Newcastle disease (ND) in ducks has been conducted at some areas in Indonesia and other countries by serology method and viral isolation. The result indicated that ND virus was capable of infecting ducks, stimulated immune response, with or without manifestation of the clinical signs of ND . Based on the pathotyping tests, viral isolates were considered as velogenic strains. Some infected ducks could spread the virus to the environment through faeces, so that it will be very dangerous for chicken breeder residing in the same location with many duck populations . On that account, ducks have an important role in spreading the ND virus, thus care should be taken on the presence of ducks in the poultry farms . Key word : Newcastle disease, ducks, velogenic strain

Molecular characterization of Bovine herpesvirus type 1 Indonesian isolates Saepulloh, Muharam; Wibawan, I.W.T.; Sajuthi, D.; Setiyaningsih, D.
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Different subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) have been associated with different clinical conditions of cattle. For that reason subtypes differentiation has become an essential tool for understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BHV infections. In search for a genomic region that would allow a clear distinction between BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2 of glycoprotein D (gD) genes of 8 Indonesian isolates were amplified and sequenced. The amino acid sequence alignments revealed that the levels of genomic similarity ranging from 98.8 to 100% among BHV-1 Indonesian isolates and its results were also similar between BHV-1 Indonesia isolates and BHV-1.1 reference, and 98.4 to 98.8% between BHV-1 Indonesian isolates and BHV-1.2 reference. The isolates could be clearly separated into BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2 after phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the Indonesian isolates were characterized as BHV-1.1 as agent caused respiratory tract infections in cattle or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) disease. The results suggest that the phylogenetic analysis performed here can be used as a potential molecular epidemiological tool for herpesviruses. Key Words: BHV-1.1, BHV-1.2, Glycoprotein D, Phylogenetic Analysis, IBR

Isolation and identification of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from outbreaks at Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines Saepulloh, Muharam; Rovira, Hope G
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry characterized by respiratory disorder such as coughing with blood exudate from the trachea. The disease is caused by Herpesvirus of the family Herpesviridae and subfamily of Alphaherpesvirus. ILT is worldwide distribution and has been reported to be present in the Philippines since 1980. Since then, confirmation of subsequent outbreaks were not reported. Isolation was conducted from nine commercial layer chicken farms located at Lipa City, Batangas from May to July 2002. Tracheal and lung extracts were processed and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs by chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) inoculation. Five samples produced typical pock lesions in CAM after the second passage. Lesions observed were yellowish pocks with opaque edges, distributed throughout the CAM. A vaccine strain of the virus used as the positive control also produced similar pock lesions. Serological confirmation using the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test showed sharp precipitation lines reacting to a standard reference ILTV antisera (anti-NS175). All five isolates produced lines of precipitate identity among themselves and the positive control. This study confirms that the 2002 disease outbreak in the commercial layer chicken farms in Lipa City, Batangas was due to the ILTV. Â Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, agar gel immunodiffusion, isolation, pocks lesion, identification, CAM

Pathogenicity and immunogenicity local isolat infectious laryngo tracheitis virus Indriani, Risa; Hamid, Helmy; Adjid, R.M Abdul; Saepulloh, Muharam
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and contagious respiratory diseases of chicken. The virus is Gallid herpes and belong to family herpesviridae. Two local strains of ILT virus those were BGR-6 and BKS-3 were isolated and their pathogenicity and immunogenicity were further observed after five time pareses on coris allantoic of specific pathogenic free embryonated eggs. The pathogenicity of both isolates to be possible for use as seed vaccine were detected based on pathogenicity indices and antibody response. Experimental specific pathogenic free chicken in isolator cages were infected by the isolates using103EID50. ILT virus per dose. Clinical syndromes, pathological anatomic lesions, and immunological response were observed in the infected chickens and another group at uninfected chickens as a control. Results showed that either BGR-6 or BKS-3 caused clinical signs with ITPI scores of 0,05 and 0,03 respectively and there were no mortality of infected chickens. The top antibody responces of BGR-6 and BKS-3 were observed at OD 0.90 and 0.44 respectively. It can be concluded that BGR-6 and BBS-3 had low ITPI scores, but BGR-6 gave higher antibody response and can be used as a candidate for seed vaccine. Â Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis, ILT, BGR-6, BKS-3, pathogenicity, immunogenicity

Molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates from outbreak cases at Lipa City, Batangas Province, The Philippines Saepulloh, Muharam
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Investigations were carried out to identify molecular character of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates from commercial layer chicken farm located at Lipa City, Batangas Province, the Philippines using western blotting. The virus was first isolated in chorio allantoic membrane (CAM). A-total of five isolates (#IV, #VI-C28, #VI-C29, #VI-C30, and #VII) produced typical plaque lesions in CAM at second passages such as yellowish plaques with opaque edges. Furthermore, five isolates were then characterized by western blotting on 7.5% of acrylamide. These results showed that Chicken antisera to the ILTV strain NS-175 (as standard sera), and rabbit antisera to vaccine strain (BAL-ILT) recognized four major viral protein with molecular weight of 205, 160, 85 and 60 kDa of isolates #VI-C28, #VI-C29, #VI-30 and #VII. While the isolate # IV produced viral protein of 205 and 85 kDa. The same four viral proteins were recognized by both ILTV antisera, indicating that the viral proteins of the vaccine strain and ILTV local isolates from Lipa City, Batangas Province, the Philippine had cross-reactivity. Thus, this cross reactivity may cause the effective protection afforded by the vaccine strain in the field. Â Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, CAM, western blotting, chicken

Development of a nested PCR for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine nasal secretion and semen Saepulloh, Muharam; Adjid, R.M Abdul; T. Wibawan, I Wayan; ., Darminto
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay for detection of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen and nasal secretions was successfully developed. The nested Polymerase Chain Reaction was based on external and internal primers from the viral gD glycoprotein gene. This nPCR assay was 1000-fold more sensitive than using PCR external primer. The nested PCR has a detection limit as low as 5 ag/ml pure BHV-1 DNA and 100,75 TCID50/500 mL BHV-1 infected cells. On the other hand,Â PCR using external primer had detection limit of about 5 fg/ml pure BHV-1 DNA. Specificity studies showed that nPCR could only detect BHV-1, whereas BHV-4, PRV, PI-3 and BRSV can not be detected. In addition, nPCR was also capable in detecting BHV-1 in nasal secretion samples from animal without clinical signs. A total of 405 samples consisted of 381 nasal secretion and 24 fresh semen samples have been tested with the nPCR. The result revealed that from 381 nasal secretion samples tested, 14 samples showed to be positive (3.68%), consisting of 13 out of 294 (4.42%) nasal secretion samples collected from Pangalengan West Java, and 1 out of 87 (1.54%) samples collected from Bogor. Furthermore, 2 out of 11 (18.18%) extended semen samples collected from Bogor and 2 out of 13 (15.38%) fresh semen samples collected from Pasuruan also showed to be positive. In addition, the nPCR was faster and easier to perform than the standard viral isolation test. It is concluded that, the nPCR can be used as test of choice for routine diagnosis of BHV-1. Key Words: Nested PCR, BHV-1, Semen, Glycoprotein D Gene, TCID50

Status Infeksi Virus Hendra Pada Kalong (Pteropus spp.) di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat dan Manado, Sulawesi Utara Sendow, Indrawati; Field, Hume; Ratnawati, Atik; Adjid, RM. Abdul; Saepulloh, Muharam; Breed, Andrew; Morrissy, Chris.; Daniels, Peter
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 1 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i1.144

Hendra merupakan salah satu penyakit emerging dan zoonosis yang berbahaya, termasuk Genus Henipavirus(Paramyxoviridae). Penyakit ini sangat erat hubungannya dengan Nipah, yang dapat menginfeksi ternak babi danmanusia. Survey serologi dilakukan di dua propinsi, yaitu Kalimantan Barat dan Sulawesi Utara. Hasil menunjukkanbahwa 148 kalong (Pteropus sp.) yang terdiri dari 84 P. vampyrus asal Kalimanatan Barat dan 64 P alecto asalSulawesi Utara telah dikoleksi. Hasil serologis mengindikasikan 22,6% P vampyrus di Kalimantan Barat mempunyaiantibodi terhadap virus Hendra, yang juga merupakan reaksi silang dengan virus Nipah. Di Sulawesi Utara, 25%serum mengandung antibodi terhadap virus Hendra, dimana 7,8% diantaranya hanya mempunyai antibodi terhadapvirus Hendra. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa antibodi terhadap virus Hendra terdeteksi padaP. alecto di Sulawesi Utara. Hasil ini merupakan laporan pertama tentang infeksi Hendra pada P. alecto di Indonesia.Adanya perbedaan prevalensi tersebut, dapat disebabkan oleh letak geografis atau spesies kalong yang diuji.Kata kunci: P. vampyrus, P. alecto, antibodi, Hendra, Nipah, Serum Netralisasi

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