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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL BATANG BIDARA LAUT (Strychnos ligustrina) TERHADAP BAKTERI PATOGEN Edy Kurniawan; Dwi Soelistya Dyah Jekti; Lalu Zulkifli
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 19 No. 1 (2019): Januari - Juni
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Abstract : Strychnos ligustrina stem has been empirically used by the people of West Nusa Tenggara and Bali in the treatment of malaria, tooth ache and diarrhea, but there is no scientific data that supports it. This study aims to determine and prove the antibacterial activity of Strychnos ligustrina methanol extract to pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo. This research is an experimental study conducted by measuring the inhibition zone (mm) growth of pathogenic bacteria, determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) in vitro, and determining the percentage of antibacterial activity of methanol extract of S. ligustrina stem in vivo. The experiment was conducted using 4 groups of concentrations of S. ligustrina stem methanol extract in an in vitro study of 25, 50, 75, and 100% with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and aquadest as a negative control. In vivo studies experiments were carried out using 6 treatment groups of test animals male mice Balb / c (Mus musculus). The in vitro test results showed that methanol extract of S. ligustrina stems was able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with medium categories of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and categories of weaks to Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus and K. pneumonia bacteria isolates was at a concentration of 25% while for E. coli isolates at a concentration of 30%. The methanol extract of the S. ligustrina stem has no killing power against the pathogenic bacteria tested. Antibacterial activity in vivo was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus pathogenic bacteria by 6.60% (at 25% concentration), 8.62% (at 50% concentration), and 17.31% (at 100% concentration), against K. pneumonia was 11.85% (at 25% concentration), 51.21% (at 50% concentration), and 65.92% (at 100% concentration), against E. coliat 19.18% (at concentration 25%), 29.98% (at 50% concentration), and 40.88% (at 100% concentration). Methanol extract of S. ligustrina stem proved to have antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo.ÃÂ Key words: Srychnos ligustrina, pathogenic bacteria, antibacterial, in vitro, in Vivo.ÃÂ Abstrak : Strychnos ligustrina secara empirisÃÂ telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Bali dalam pengobatan penyakit malaria, sakit gigi, dan diare, tetapi belum ada data ilmiah yang mendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan membuktikan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut terhadap bakteri patogen secara in vitrodan in vivo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambat (mm) pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) secara in vitro, serta menentukan persentase aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut secara in vivo. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan 4 kelompok konsentrasi ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut pada penelitian in vitro yaitu 25, 50, 75, dan 100% dengan ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol positif serta aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif. Pada penelitian in vivo percobaan dilakukan menggunakan 6 kelompok perlakuan hewan uji mencit jantan galur Balb/c (Mus musculus). Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan kategori sedang terhadap Staphylococcus aureus isolat klinis dan kategori lemah terhadap Klebsiella pneumonia dan Escherichia coli isolat klinis. Nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) untuk isolat bakteri S. aureus dan K. pneumoniae adalah pada konsentrasi 25% sedangkan untuk isolat E. coli pada konsentrasi 30%. Ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut tidak memiliki daya bunuh terhadap bakteri patogen yang diuji. Aktivitas antibakteri secara in vivo mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen S. aureus sebesar 6,60% (pada konsentrasi 25%), 8,62% (pada konsentrasi 50%), dan 17,31% (pada konsentrasi 100%), terhadap K. pneumonia sebesar 11,85% (pada konsentrasi 25%), 51,21% (pada konsentrasi 50%), dan 65,92% (pada konsentrasi 100%),ÃÂ ÃÂ terhadap E. coli sebesar 19,18% (pada konsentrasi 25%), 29,98% (pada konsentrasi 50%), dan 40,88% (pada konsentrasi 100%). Ekstrak metanol batang bidara laut terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro dan in vivo.ÃÂ Kata kunci: Srychnos ligustrina, bakteri patogen, antibakteri, in vitro, in vivo

Metabolite Activity of Endophy Fungi Isolated from Betle Leaf (Piper betle) Against Candida Albicans Aini Aini; Edi Kurniawan; Sumiatun Sumiatun
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022): January - March
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i1.3246

Betle (Piper betle) is a type of plant producing antimicrobial substances and secondary metabolites that are potentially used for the production of new drugs. Candidiasis is a disease caused by Candida albicans and causes diseases of the mucosa of the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina. The study aimed to isolate the betle leaf endophyte fungus (Piper betle L.) and find out the activity of its metabolites against Candida albicans. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The research method used was descriptive observation. The purpose of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi and their activity against Candida albicans from beetle leaves. The yield of endophytic fungal secondary metabolites was obtained by fermentation method, and the activity of Candida albicans was detected by diffusion method. Isolation test obtained from R&D hospital NTB Province. The research results obtained the endophytic fungi isolated from beetle leaves (Piper betle L.) and obtained the identification results of the fungus Cephalosporium.

Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Resistance to Pyrazinamide Antibiotic Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique Edy Kurniawan; Idham Halid
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 4 (2022): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4224

The tuberculosis treatment control program is constrained by the outbreak of TB that is resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT), especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Confirmation of tuberculosis drug resistance really needs to be done in each area considering that there are variations in phenotypes and genotypes in each region through laboratory tests such as molecular biology tests. Aim of study to determine the prevalence of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis resistance to pyrazinamide antibiotics by PCR technique. This research is a descriptive exploratory study which has been carried out in the molecular biology laboratory of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Public Hospital. The sample in this study was positive TB sputum obtained from Patut Patuh Patju Hospital The Province of West Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that 5 of the samples were pyrazinamide resistant. Concluded that Resistance to pyrazinamide antibiotics was found from 10 samples, 5 of which had developed resistance to pyrazinamide antibiotics.

Isolate and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Local Nira as Probiotic Starter Candidates Aini Aini; Jumari Ustiawaty; Edy Kurniawan; Alfin Maulana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 4 (2022): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4429

Probiotics are dietary supplements that contain lactic acid bacteria (BAL), which are capable of converting sugars (including lactose). Probiotics are used in the prevention of infectious diseases. Nira is often used as an ingredient to make alcoholic beverages (tuak) and sugar, but it has not been able to increase the economic value of sap water. The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria in sap as a probiotic candidate. The method in this study was carried out by isolating lactic acid bacteria in sap with a dilution series of 10-0, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6, then pipetting 1 ml into a cup petri dish and incubating in an anaerobic jar equipped with Anaerocult for 2 x 24 hours. Then macroscopic and microscopic observations were made and sugar and catalase tests were carried out to determine the type of bacteria found. The results of the isolation and characterization of bacteria in the sap were found to be 4 isolates, namely isolate 1A, which is Bacillus coagulans bacteria. Isolate 1B was a Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. Isolates 2A and 2B are bacteria from the genus Lactobacillussp.

Isolate and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Local Nira as Probiotic Starter Candidates Aini Aini; Jumari Ustiawaty; Edy Kurniawan; Alfin Maulana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 4 (2022): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4429

Probiotics are dietary supplements that contain lactic acid bacteria (BAL), which are capable of converting sugars (including lactose). Probiotics are used in the prevention of infectious diseases. Nira is often used as an ingredient to make alcoholic beverages (tuak) and sugar, but it has not been able to increase the economic value of sap water. The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria in sap as a probiotic candidate. The method in this study was carried out by isolating lactic acid bacteria in sap with a dilution series of 10-0, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6, then pipetting 1 ml into a cup petri dish and incubating in an anaerobic jar equipped with Anaerocult for 2 x 24 hours. Then macroscopic and microscopic observations were made and sugar and catalase tests were carried out to determine the type of bacteria found. The results of the isolation and characterization of bacteria in the sap were found to be 4 isolates, namely isolate 1A, which is Bacillus coagulans bacteria. Isolate 1B was a Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. Isolates 2A and 2B are bacteria from the genus Lactobacillussp.

Isolate and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Local Nira as Probiotic Starter Candidates Aini Aini; Jumari Ustiawaty; Edy Kurniawan; Alfin Maulana
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 22 No. 4 (2022): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4429

Probiotics are dietary supplements that contain lactic acid bacteria (BAL), which are capable of converting sugars (including lactose). Probiotics are used in the prevention of infectious diseases. Nira is often used as an ingredient to make alcoholic beverages (tuak) and sugar, but it has not been able to increase the economic value of sap water. The purpose of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria in sap as a probiotic candidate. The method in this study was carried out by isolating lactic acid bacteria in sap with a dilution series of 10-0, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, and 10-6, then pipetting 1 ml into a cup petri dish and incubating in an anaerobic jar equipped with Anaerocult for 2 x 24 hours. Then macroscopic and microscopic observations were made and sugar and catalase tests were carried out to determine the type of bacteria found. The results of the isolation and characterization of bacteria in the sap were found to be 4 isolates, namely isolate 1A, which is Bacillus coagulans bacteria. Isolate 1B was a Bacillus licheniformis bacteria. Isolates 2A and 2B are bacteria from the genus Lactobacillussp.

Identification of Escherichia coli Sub Type Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) from Food Samples Using Pcr (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Technique Deby Anggryani; Edy Kurniawan; Dhika Juliana Sukmana; Jumari Ustiawaty
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 4 (2023): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5540

Escherichia coli is a normal flora of the digestive tract of humans and animals and is important in the digestion of food. This bacteria lives in feces, can cause health problems, such as diarrhea and vomiting. This research was conducted for consideration in the prevention of diarrhea, processing, marketing of food. This study aims to determine the presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli sub-type (ETEC) from food samples. This research is an explorative descriptive study, as many as 5 samples from food, food samples taken are food consumed every day and some include traditional food in Mataram City. The samples were cultured on BHI-Broth media, followed by inoculation on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium and continued with the Gram stain test. Colonies that are metallic green in colour and show the characteristics of Escherichia coli bacteria on Gram staining are then carried out for purification of the bacteria on Nutrient Agar (NA) medium, if the classification of bacteria shows the characteristics of Escherichia coli bacteria on Gram staining then proceed with the Indole/sugar-test. The results showed that of the 5 food samples isolated, only 1 sample showed positive E.coli bacteria. Then proceed to the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) stage using the qualitative PCR method to determine the presence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli sub-type (ETEC) bacteria in food samples. , with a target gene of 237 bp.

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