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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis JIMKI : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
Nabila Indah Shofiyanti
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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HIPERTENSI, DIABETES MELLITUS, DAN OBESITAS SEBAGAI FAKTOR KOMORBIDITAS UTAMA TERHADAP MORTALITAS PASIEN COVID-19: SEBUAH STUDI LITERATUR Luh Ade Dita Rahayu; Jannatul Cahya Admiyanti; Yumna Iftinan Khalda; Fatikha Rudia Ahda; Nur Feby Febiana Agistany; Sastraningsih Setiawati; Nabila Indah Shofiyanti; Cut Warnaini
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2021): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Volume 9.1 Edisi Maret - Juli
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v9i1.342

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 patients with comorbid diseases have a higher mortality rate than patients without congenital diseases. The most common comorbids found in COVID-19 patients are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus reached 41.7%, hypertension reached 56.6%, and obesity reached 41.7%. Methods: The method used in this paper is literature review from various references and focused on the correlation of comorbid with the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The references are being retrieved from NCBI and Google Scholar. Overall, 21 sources were used which were obtained from various data bases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Researchgate, and WHO. Discussion: There is an increase in ACE-2 expression which causes a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection on COVID-19 patient with hypertension. Impaired T-cell function and increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) also play an important role in increasing the severity on COVID-19 patient with diabetes. Obesity can cause abnormalities in the secretion of cytokines, adipokines, and inferferon which will disrupt the immune system in the human body. Conclusion: The complex pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity as comorbid in COVID-19 patients increase the severity and mortality risk.
Esophageal Acalasia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Nabila Indah Shofiyanti; M. Diaz Nursyamsu; Rifki Ahmad Eka Putra; Rieke Delya Rizkina; Shalsa Damai Akelba
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 4 (2023): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5567

Abstract

Achalasia is a rare disease, but it can lead to loss of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) causing many complications in the gastrointestinal tract. Achalasia has a good prognosis if treated promptly, but the symptoms are non-specific. The aim of this study was to find out more about the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of esophageal achalasia. This study was conducted on databases, such as PubMed, Google Schoolar, and Sience Direct. Inclusion criteria were free full text published in 2017-2022. The results of the literature review obtained by achalasia can cause functional obstruction at the gastroesophageal junction. Gradual neurodegeneration due to lack of non-cholinergic inhibitory ganglion cells results in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission, resulting in over-contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter and loss of regulation leading to achalasia. Although the incidence of achalasia is very rare, if not treated promptly, it will lead to airway obstruction and cause sudden death. Therapy in patients with achalasia requires long-term follow-up, as the nature of available therapy is palliative, meaning recurrence will often occur. In conclusion, achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder that causes disruption of esophageal peristalsis and malfunction of the esophageal sphincter characterized by difficulty swallowing. Although the incidence of achalasia is very rare, if not treated immediately, it will lead to respiratory obstruction and death.
Co-Authors Cut Warnaini Fatikha Rudia Ahda Jannatul Cahya Admiyanti Luh Ade Dita Rahayu M. Diaz Nursyamsu Nur Feby Febiana Agistany Rieke Delya Rizkina Rifki Ahmad Eka Putra Sastraningsih Setiawati Shalsa Damai Akelba Yumna Iftinan Khalda