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HIPERTENSI, DIABETES MELLITUS, DAN OBESITAS SEBAGAI FAKTOR KOMORBIDITAS UTAMA TERHADAP MORTALITAS PASIEN COVID-19: SEBUAH STUDI LITERATUR Luh Ade Dita Rahayu; Jannatul Cahya Admiyanti; Yumna Iftinan Khalda; Fatikha Rudia Ahda; Nur Feby Febiana Agistany; Sastraningsih Setiawati; Nabila Indah Shofiyanti; Cut Warnaini
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 9 No 1 (2021): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Volume 9.1 Edisi Maret - Juli
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v9i1.342

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 patients with comorbid diseases have a higher mortality rate than patients without congenital diseases. The most common comorbids found in COVID-19 patients are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus reached 41.7%, hypertension reached 56.6%, and obesity reached 41.7%. Methods: The method used in this paper is literature review from various references and focused on the correlation of comorbid with the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The references are being retrieved from NCBI and Google Scholar. Overall, 21 sources were used which were obtained from various data bases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Researchgate, and WHO. Discussion: There is an increase in ACE-2 expression which causes a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection on COVID-19 patient with hypertension. Impaired T-cell function and increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) also play an important role in increasing the severity on COVID-19 patient with diabetes. Obesity can cause abnormalities in the secretion of cytokines, adipokines, and inferferon which will disrupt the immune system in the human body. Conclusion: The complex pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity as comorbid in COVID-19 patients increase the severity and mortality risk.
The Potential of Saponin in Sea Cucumbers to Prevent Hyperlipidemia Talitha Syahla; Diki Wahyudi; Sima Smith; Yumna Iftinan Khalda; Zulfa Hasyimiyyah Ihtisyam; Dini Suryani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 4 (2023): October - December
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5740

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is the main risk factor for atherosclerosis which can cause death. The occurrence of hyperlipidemia is relatively high with a percentage of 45% globally and 35% in Indonesia.  The purpose of this article is to determine the potential of saponins in sea cucumbers as the ingredients used to prevent hyperlipidemia. The method used in this article is a literature study by collecting relevant and focused articles. The literature used were the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), and Google Scholar. The results of the literature review carried out are that the saponins found in sea cucumbers are the main component as a lipid reducer compared to other compounds found in sea cucumbers. In conclusion, saponins in sea cucumbers influence lipid metabolism which ultimately prevents hyperlipidemia through various mechanisms.