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Detection of Pathogenic Leptospires in Rat and Shallow Populations and Its Spatial Distribution in Bakaran Kulon Village, Pati District Dyah Widiastuti; Nova Pramestuti; Zumrotus Sholichah; Endang Setiani; Raden Ludhang P Rizki
Insights in Public Health Journal Vol 2 No 1 (2021): Insights in Public Health Journal
Publisher : Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.iphj.2021.2.1.4979

Background In tropical areas, Leptospirosis is still considered a public health problem, particularly in the event of heavy rainfall and flooding. Transmission of leptospira bacteria from infected animals, such as rats, takes place through the urine or blood. Different serovar leptospires can be found in different reservoir animals in the field. However, research on the presence of pathogenic leptospires in rats in Pati Regency, one of the areas with leptospirosis cases in Central Java, is very limited. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to identify Leptospira characteristics. Spp in rat and its distribution in Pati Regency. Methods: Rat capture was carried out in Bakaran Kulon Village in Pati Regency. Detection of pathogenic leptospires was carried out using the ropB gene and followed by phylogenetic analysis. As additional details, a buffer analysis was carried out to measure the distance between the positions of cases of leptospira and positive rats positions. Results: Pathogenic were found in 11.76% (2/17) of rats and shallows in the area of study. Based on DNA leptospires sequencing, Leptospira found in Bakaran Kulon Village Pati Regency were Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae and Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Ballum, both of which are pathogenic. Based on a buffer analysis, Leptospira-positive rat was found around cases of leptospirosis at distances of 30 and 60 m. Conclusion: This study shows that Leptospira spp. in rats found around the location of leptospirosis cases, which indicates that rats have great potential as transmitters of leptospirosis to humans.

SPOT SURVEI LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK DAN NOGOSARI, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Nova Pramestuti; Bina Ikawati; Dyah Widiastuti
Kesmas Indonesia Vol 7 No 1 (2014): Jurnal Kesmas Indonesia
Publisher : Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (199.472 KB)

ABSTRACTIn 2013 there were three leptospirosis cases reported in Boyolali. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of leptospirosis including cases overview aboutperson, place and time, transmission history, the trap success in catching mice and rats, and species of Leptospira infected rodent in Ngemplak and Nogosari district, Boyolali. This study was a cross sectional study. Rodent traping conducted at three locations with leptospirosis cases in Ngemplak and Nogosari District, Boyolali, in April 2013. A total of 300 traps wereinstalled, 2 traps inside and 2 traps outside for each house during three days. The trapped mice and rats were identified, counted their population density and their kidneys were taken for Leptospira examainationusingPCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. Data were processed and analyzed descriptively, presented in a frequency distribution form. The result showed that transmission of leptospirosis may occured around the case’ house, the river and rice fields. The highest rodentsuccess trapwas found in KismoyosoVillage (14 %). Rat species which were found consisted of R.tanezumi, and R. indica Bandicota argentiventer, there was no rat kidney samples infected with Leptospira bacteria according to PCR assay. Leptospirosis transmission in Boyolali should be noteddue to the high rat trap success and the location which was closed to the river . Key words: Survey,leptospirosis, rats Kesmasindo, Volume 7( 1 )Juli 2014, Hal 63-70

Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue Sunaryo Sunaryo; Nova Pramestuti
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol. 8 No. 8 Mei 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan di beberapa daerah masih sering terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus DBD cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter entomologi dan menggambarkan jenis tempat penampungan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal dan Kota Semarang pada bulan Juni - Oktober 2013 desain potong lintang. Survei jentik dilakukan untuk melihat keberadaan tempat penampungan air pada 100 rumah. Masing-masing kabupaten dipilih tiga lokasi desa endemis DBD. Hasil survei digunakan untuk menghitung nilai parameter entomologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kasus DBD di empat kabupaten/kota terkait dengan keberadaan vektor A. aegypti. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih tingginya persentase jumlah rumah yang ditemukan jentik A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) serta tingginya jumlah kontainer ditemukan jentik A. aegypti pada rumah yang dilakukan survei (Breteau Index). Nilai ovitrap index paling tinggi di Desa Kalikabong Kabupaten Purbalingga sebesar 40%. Proporsi controllable site lebih banyak daripada disposable site, berarti rumah tersebut berisiko tinggi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk.Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused outbreak. In Central Java, incidence of DHF high every years, especially in 2012. This study aimed to analyze the parameters of entomology and describe types of containers. The study was conducted in Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal District and Semarang City in June _ October 2013 with cross-sectional design. Larvae survey had been done in 100 houses in three villages that endemic DHF at every district/city. The survey results are used to calculate parameter entomology. The results showed that existance of DHF cases in four district/city connected with the population of A. aegypti. This matter proved with high percentage of houses that found A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) and the high of container that containing A. aegypti in every houses (Breteau Index). The high of ovitrap index (OI) was 40% in Kalikabong village, Purbalingga district. The proportion of controllable sites more than disposable sites, meaning the house as the high risk of mosquito breeding sites.

Mikroorganisme Patogen pada Feses Tikus Dyah Widiastuti; Nova Pramestuti; Endang Setiyani; Harjianti Fajar Rahayu
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol. 8 No. 4 November 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Tikus liar dan domestikasi mempunyai potensi faktor risiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Mereka dapat membawa mikroorganisme yang dapat ditransmisi melalui kontak dengan urine maupun feses atau melalui ektoparasit yang ada di tubuh mereka. Pada penelitian ini, diamati prevalensi mikroorganisme zoonotik pada tikus yang tertangkap di Pasar Kota Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Bakteri Salmonella paratyphi B dan Salmonella paratyphi C menunjukkan prevalensi yang paling tinggi (masing-masing 20%). Spesies bakteri lain yang ditemukan antara lain Salmonella typhimurium, Citrotobacter, Citrotobacter frendii, Enterotobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan Proteus miriabilis. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa tikus yang berada di pasar dapat berperan sebagai reservoir untuk berbagai bakteri zoonotik seperti Salmonella dan E.coli.Commensal as well as wild rats and mice may present a potential risk to public health. They may harbour microorganisms that can be transmitted either through contact with infected rodent urine or faeces, or through ectoparasites. Prevalence of zoonotic microorganism in house rat (Rattus tanezumi) was studied in City Market of Banjarnegara Regency. Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella paratyphi C showed the highest prevalence in faecal material of Rattus tanezumi (20%). The other species of bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Citrotobacter, Citrotobacter frendii, Enterotobacter cloacae, Eschericia coli (E. coli) and Proteus miriabilis were also found in this study. These results indicated that house rat may act as reservoir for zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella and E.coli.

FORMULASI RODENTISIDA NABATI PAPAIN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALI MENCIT Nova Pramestuti; Corry Laura Junita Sianturi; Bina Ikawati; Agus W Anggara
Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Vol 10 No 2 (2018): Vektora : Jurnal vektor dan reservoir penyakit
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) Salatiga

Rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Rodenticides are commonly used for control of rats. They can beextremely harmful to humans, not only kill rats and other rodents, but also kill their predators. Therefore, usingnatural rodenticide may be a better alternative. Combination of papain and salt can kill rats more quickly. Theaim of this study was to make a proportion of natural rodenticide appropriately to control mice with papain asactive ingredient. A quasi-experiment with post-test only with control group design was used in the study. There were four treatment used in this study i.e treatment A (papain 16%), B (papain 24%), C (papain 32%), and D (papain 40%). Each was mixed with corn, wheat, soy, caramel, papain product for the brand “X” (consist ofpapain, salt, sugar), paraffin, corn oil and refined sugar. Rodenticides given to mice for seven days, feed intakeand death of mice were observed every day. The results showed that mice death were decreased in corcondantwith increasing the concentration of papain product for the brand “X”, after rodenticide treatment. There is asignificant difference in mortality rate of mice among various rodenticide formulations (p-value<0.05), withthe most significant differences in treatment A and D. Feed proportion which contains papain product for thebrand “X” 40% can be used as an alternative to make natural rodenticide with the highest mortality.

BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS: PROTOZOA USUS POTENSIAL PENYEBAB DIARE Nova Pramestuti; Dewi Saroh
Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Vol 4 No 1 (2017): SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Aceh

Blastocystis hominis merupakan protozoa usus yang sering menyebabkan diare dan manifestasi gastrointestinal seperti nyeri perut, muntah, dan perut kembung. Penularan melalui makanan dan air yang terkontaminasi oleh kista dengan rute oral-fekal. Manifestasi klinis baru timbul ketika sistem imun dalam tubuh menurun. Prevalensi Blastocystis hominis lebih tinggi pada negara berkembang terkait dengan kebersihan diri yang kurang, paparan dari binatang, dan konsumsi air minum yang terkontaminasi parasit. Blastocystis hominis dapat menginfeksi tubuh manusia secara tunggal atau terdapat parasit lain yang juga menginfeksi. Penularan Blastocystis hominis dari manusia ke manusia lain dapat dicegah dengan menjaga kebersihan perorangan, kebersihan fasilitas umum, mencegah kontaminasi feses dalam makanan dan air, mengupas dan mencuci buah dan sayuran mentah. Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoa that causes diarrhea and gastrointestinal manifestations such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and flatulence. Transmission is through food and water contaminated by cysts with faecal–oral route. Clinical manifestations emerge when the body immune system is low. High prevalence of Blastocystis infection has been reported in developing countries associated with poor personal hygiene, animal exposure, and contaminated water consumption with parasite. Human were infected with a single species of parasite (Blastocystis hominis) or multiple infection with other parasite. Transmission of Blastocystis hominis from human to human can be prevented by maintaining individual hygiene; public sanitation; and preventing oro-fecal contamination; peeling and washing raw fruits and vegetables.

UJI ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Dyah Widiastuti; Nova Pramestuti
Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Vol 5 No 2 (2018): SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Aceh

Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus menjadi masalah yang serius saat ini karena meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotik (Multi Drug Resistance/ MDR). Meluasnya resistensi bakteri terhadap obat-obatan yang ada, mendorong pentingnya upaya untuk menemukan langkah alternatif dengan pemberian obat-obatan pencegah penyakit infeksi dari bahan alam. Ekstrak jahe merah dikaji aktivitas anti mikroba terhadap S. aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji coba kontrol yang sepenuhnya acak dengan lima ulangan. Dalam penelitian ini hanya terdiri dari satu faktor saja, yaitu pemberikan ekstrak jahe merah dengan menggunakan taraf/ level: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) pada konsentrasi 100% memberikan penghambatan tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan S. aureus (12,54 ± 0,76 mm). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang jahe dikategorikan lemah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus. Nowadays Staphylococcus aureus infection becomes a serious problem due to increased bacterial resistance to various types of antibiotics (Multi Drug Resistance/ MDR). Widespread bacterial resistance to existing drugs, prompting the importance of efforts to find alternative measures by administering medicines to prevent infection from natural substances. Red ginger extract was investigated for the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. This study used completely randommized control trial with three replications. The first factor was the tested microbe and the second was the fresh extract of the ginger rhizome. The result showed that fresh extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) at concentration 100% gave the highest inhibition to the growth of S. aureus (12.54± mm). The antibacterial activity of ginger rhizome extract is categorized as weak in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.

JENIS DAN BAHAN DASAR TEMPAT PERKEMBANGBIAKAN VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA Nova Pramestuti; Ulfah Farida Trisnawati
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 9 Nomor 1 Juni 2013
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

ABSTRACT. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus and transmitted by the bite of Aedes sp. In 2009-2010 in the District Banjarnegara dengue cases increased. In 2009-2010, in Banjarnegara district which reported increased of DHF cases. Research objectives were to obtain information on water reservoirs (TPA) as a breeding Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by type and basic materials, landfill as a breeding Ae. aegypti and Ae. Dengue virus positive albopictus species and basic materials. The objective of this study was to get information about containers (TPA) as a breeding places of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and which Dengue virus infection based on their types and main material. The study was conducted in Kuta Banjarnegara and Parakan Canggah sub district, Wanadadi, Klampok, Singamerta dan Tapen village Banjarnegara district in May to Agust 2012. Larval survey were done around 100 meters of DHF cases with local transmission. Bath, buckets, and refrigerator tray were breeding place type of Ae. aegypti which more founded. Indoor container and used goods were breeding place of Ae. aegypti infected with Dengue virus. Buckets, old tires, used goods and leaf midrib were breeding place of Ae. albopictus which more founded. Refrigerator tray was breeding place of Ae. albopictus infected with Dengue virus. Most of the breeding place Ae. aegypti were made of plastics, ceramics, and cement. Breeding place of Ae. aegypti infected with Dengue virus were made of plastic, ceramic, glass, and rubber . Breeding place of Ae. albopictus and infected with Dengue virus were made of plastic

Kondisi Filariasis Pasca Pengobatan Massal di Kelurahan Pabean Kecamatan Pekalongan Utara Kota Pekalongan Bondan Fajar Wahyudi; Nova Pramestuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 12 Nomor 1 Juni 2016
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

Pekalongan city is endemic for filariasis. Filariasis Mass Drug Administration (MDA) implemented to decrease filariasis endemicity in Pekalongan. It was started in 2011, but in the Pabean Village has started implementing in 2009. The study aimed to determine filariasis condition after MDA. A descriptive study with cross sectional design was conducted in Pabean village, North Pekalongan Sub-district, Pekalongan city. Finger Blood Filariasis slide and medication status of those who had filariasis MDA in 2011-2013 were examined. Finger Blood Filariasis slide of 519 respondents examined found 7 (Mf rate 1.35 %) microfilariae positive and spread almost evenly throughout the village. Microfilariae density accounted for 229.02 per ml of blood and only one species of filarial worms found as Wuchereriabancrofti. Respondents who received the drug in 2011, 2012, and 2013 increased (80.02 %, 90.75 %, 92.68 % respectively), but respondents who were taking medication decreased (63.01 %, 60.89 %, and 55. 88 % respectively). Pabelan village still endemic filariasis (Mf rate > 1%) although MDA filariasis was done for 5 years.

GAMBARAN PEMANFAATAN KARTU PENDERITA MALARIA SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMANTAUAN PENGOBATAN MALARIA VIVAX (STUDI KASUS DI PUSKESMAS WANADADI I DAN BANJARMANGU I, KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA) Agung puja kesuma; Nova pramestuti
BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA Volume 10 Nomor 1 Juni 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Banjarnegara Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI

ABSTRAKKabupaten Banjarnegara merupakan salah satu daerah endemis malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengobatan berperandalam mencegah terjadinya penularan malaria. Kartu penderita malaria merupakan salah satu alat instrumen untukmemantau pelaksanaan follow up pengobatan. Pemanfaatan kartu penderita malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara dimulaisekitar tahun 1999. Tidak semua puskesmas di Kabupaten Banjarnegara memanfaatkan kartu penderita malaria. Tujuanpenelitian untuk mendeskripsikan manfaat kartu penderita malaria dalam pemantauan pengobatan malaria vivax.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan studi kasus, pengumpulan data dengan wawancaramendalam dan observasi kartu penderita malaria. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Wanadadi I dan Banjarmangu Ipada Bulan April-Mei 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Puskesmas Wanadadi I terdapat 60 kartu penderita malaria(80%) yang diisi oleh JMD dan hanya 23 kartu (38,3%) yang diisi lengkap. Di Puskesmas Banjarmangu I tidak ada kartupenderita malaria yang diisi. Follow up pengobatan tepat waktu paling banyak (82%) pada follow up IV. Penderita yangdifollow up secara lengkap (lima kali) sebanyak 18 penderita (30%). Penggunaan kartu penderita malaria di PuskesmasWanadadi I dan Banjarmangu I belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik.

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