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INDONESIA
Al-Kimia
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
ISSN : 23022736     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Al-Kimia is a journal of chemistry that published by Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Alauddin Makassar. The journal is published twice a year on January-June and July-December. This journal encompasses original research articles in all aspects of chemistry and related area. The journal, which was firstly published in July 2013, is a forum for communication of research results, review the results of research, methodologies and new approaches in research related to chemistry in Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER" : 10 Documents clear
The The Effectivity of Palm Oil Kernel Shell (OPS-Fe3O4) for Phenol Waste Degradation Routes Adrianto, Ari; Hadi Pratomo, Bagus; Cahya Pratiwi, Dwita; Rahmawati, Evi
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.39783

Abstract

Phenol is a type of hazardous waste that can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans. It has been discovered that the phenol content in wastewater generally ranges from 1-6800 ppm. Phenol removal applications such as adsorption separation are highly recommended, one of which is the application of activated carbon. Activated carbon can be produced from natural biomass which has a high content of lignin, carbon, and hemicellulose. One of the most developed biomass is OPS (Palm Oil Kernel Shell). OPS’ texture is a hard textured endocarp and dark gray. To increase waste degradation, the application of magnetite (Fe3O4) was found to be an effective modification of the adsorbent. In the experimental results, variations in adsorbent dosage, particle size, and contact time were carried out. At various adsorbent doses, the addition of 1g/ml was more effective in producing up to 98.5% removal. Meanwhile, the size of 0.05 mm produces highest degradation when compared to 0.22 mm and 0.55 mm. The optimum contact time reveals that it occurs in the range of 50-60 minutes. The FTIR results revealed that the most abundant O-H, C=C and N-H content was found to be adsorbed at each particle size.
Molecular Docking of Physalis angulata and Schleichera oleosa as a Potential Inhibitor of Dengue methyltransferase Hasan, Rahmawaty; Lady Yunita Handoyo, Diana; Zukhruf, Laila
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.40433

Abstract

Indonesia as the 2nd country with the largest Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases among 30 countries with endemic areas. Oral infusion of Physalis angulata and Schleichera oleosa are potential plants that is traditionally applied for DHF treatment. This study aimed to analyze the chemical compounds of Physalis angulata and Schleichera oleosa as an alternative therapy to DHF utilizing the molecular docking procedure. The methods are macromolecule and ligand preparation, validation as well as molecular docking, data analysis and visualization. The compounds were downloaded from the PubChem database and dengue methyltransferase protein was obtained from PDB (1L9K). Molecular docking has interacted with the Autodock and analyzed by Pymol, Discovery Studio Visualizer and Ligplot. The results revealed that the test ligands had lower binding energies than the SAH as a native ligand, specifically 14-Hydroxyixocarpanolide -10.69 kcal/mol as a potential compound from Physalis angulata and Schleicherastatin 5 -10.25 kcal/mol as a potential compound from Schleichera oleosa. With hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic pockets, all of the test ligands bind the NS5 dengue methyltransferase active site. The results suggested that Physalis angulata and Schleichera oleosa possess offering compounds for inhibiting NS5 dengue methyltransferase as a DHF treatment.
Characterization of Hydroxyapatite of Chicken Eggshells Composite with Gelatin as Methylene Blue Absorbent Nurfadillah; Ramadani, Kurnia; Firnanelty; Chadijah, Sitti; Aisyah, Aisyah; Ilyas, Asriani; Nur, Arfiani; Adawiah, Syarifah Rabiatul; Andriani, Titik
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.40781

Abstract

Chicken egg shells contain an inorganic element (CaCO3) which has potency to be a source of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) which is then reacted with diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as a phosphate precursor for hydroxyapatite synthesis. This study aims to determine the characterization of hydroxyapatite from eggshells and determine the absorbability of hydroxyapatite-gelatin composites against methylene blue. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite used precipitation method. The calcination results obtained calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) content in the shell of 68.3%. Analysis of hydroxyapatite with Fourier Tranform Infra-Red (FT-IR) there was a wavenumber of 3434 cm-1 perform hydroxyl groups (-OH-), 1421 cm-1 carbonate groups (-CO3-2) and 1035 cm-1, 604 cm-1, 471 cm-1 phosphate groups (-PO4-2), and analysis by x-ray diffraction revealed that pure hydroxyapatite crystals had formed at an angle of 2Ɵ = 34,08 with crystallinity of 100%. The peaks that appear on the XRD diffractogram are adjusted to the Joint Committee on Power Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) No. 09-0432. The synthesis of HAp-gelatin composites obtained typical groups such as, amine groups from gelatin and phosphate groups and carbonates from Hap. The results of methylene blue absorption using hydroxyapatite-gelatin composites have obtained optimum conditions at a ratio of 2: 4 for 240 minutes with an efficiency of 63%. Based on these data, it reveals that the longer the time given, the greater the methylene blue absorbed
Toxicity Test of Elo (Ficus Racemosa L.) Leaf Extracts and Fractions Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Methods Suryani, Novia; Gustiana, Serli
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.40821

Abstract

This study aims to determine the toxicity ability of the Ficus racemosa L. plant, known as the elo plant, which has been widely applied as an alternative medicine for natural ingredients. The use of natural ingredients as drug candidates is one option to increase the value of natural ingredients and become biodiversity in Indonesia. The research method used is the maceration method used to obtain leaf extract. Furthermore, the extract obtained was partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents to obtain the leaf fraction. Qualitative tests were carried out to determine the secondary metabolite compounds. Meanwhile, the toxicity ability of elo plant extract and leaf fraction was tested using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) as an initial toxicity screening with Artemia salina Leach. Based on the results, revealed the extract and fraction of the leaves contained secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. Toxicity test obtained LC50 value of leaf extract of 91.76 ppm; leaf n-hexane fraction of 220.47 ppm; leaf ethyl acetate fraction of 249.13 ppm; and leaf chloroform fraction of 338.16 ppm. Based on the LC50 value, it reveals that the leaf extract and leaf fraction of the elo plant perform toxic potency.
Extraction and Application of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seed Tannins as a Biomordant for Natural Dyeing of Timorese Handwoven Fabric Adu, Risna Erni Yati; Djugian Gelyaman, Gebhardus; Nensiana Kono Foni, Elfrida; Theresia Djue Tea, Marselina
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.41015

Abstract

Natural dyeing of Timorese handwoven fabrics results in less intense and less color fastness of products against washing. The use of metal mordant such as alum for color fixation is not sufficiently safe for the environment. In this study, the extracted tannin of avocado seeds was applied as an alternative mordant to increase the color fastness of natural handwoven fabrics. Tannin was extracted by maceration, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with UV-Vis, applied in different concentration for handwoven fabric dyeing and the color fastness value was determined using the Staining Scale Standard. The results revealed that avocado seeds contain tannins with a total tannin content of 22.75 mg/kg dry weight. The FTIR Spectra shows several specific functional groups of tannin such as C-O and -OH which are effective enough to bind dyes and fabric fibers. It was concluded that the higher the tannin concentration, the higher the color fastness of the handwoven fabrics.
Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions from the Root of Gitaan (Willughbeia coreacea Wall) Rudiyansyah; Edwindar, Felgi; Ardiningsih, Puji
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Gitaan (Willughbeia coreaceae) is one of Indonesian endemic plants and belongs to Apocynaceae family that is potential for antioxidant source. This family contains triterpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and cardenolides, unfortunately information about secondary metabolites together with its biological activities from W. coreaceae is scarce. This study was conducted to determine secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity from the methanol extract and fractions of gitaan root. The root powder was macerated, its secondary metabolites were analyzed by phytochemical test and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the qualitative and quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) methods with the ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. Results showed the methanol extract and methanol fraction have alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, and ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions contained alkaloids and polyphenols. By DPPH qualitative, all samples except for n-hexane fraction showed antioxidant properties which were indicated by yellow stains on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate after sprayed with 50 ppm of DPPH. By quantitative, methanol extract and fractions of methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and the ascorbic acid showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 44.1181 ppm, 45.4060 ppm, 57.2484 ppm, 983.9576 ppm, and 0.0445 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, methanol extract has better antioxidant activity then other fractions.
The Effect of Cellulose Succinate Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of Bioplastics Jannah, Miftahul; Mustapa; Utami, Aisyiah Restutiningsih Putri; Papriani, Nada Pertiwi
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.41287

Abstract

The principle of bioplastic film formation is based on hydrogen bonds between the constituent molecules of bioplastics. The addition of carboxylic groups to cellulose molecules into cellulose succinate (CS) can increase bond regularity so that it has an impact on the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CS concentration on tensile strength and elongation of bioplastics. The stages of this research are the synthesis of bioplastics by mixing method and variation of CS concentration, characterization of bioplastics to determine the effect of CS concentration on the mechanical properties of bioplastics, analysis of functional groups with FTIR and bond regularity with XRD. The results obtained in this study are CS concentration affects the characteristics of bioplastics. The best bioplastic was found at 3.2% CS concentration with a tensile strength value of 10.48 MPa and elongation of 4.38%. The peaks that appear on FTIR analysis are typical groups on cellulose, namely O-H, C-H and C-O. CS bioplastics also consist of amorphous and crystalline phases.
Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis Process from Waste Cooking Oil in a Phased Array Ultrasonic Reactor Using Response Surface Methode Priscilla, Tiara
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.41555

Abstract

The research aims to optimize the process of biodiesel synthesis from used cooking oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in ultrasonic phased array reactor. Used cooking oil, as a potential waste source, has been identified as a sustainable alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. The use of ultrasonic phased array reactors is expected to improve conversion efficiency through cavitation to produce high yields and purity of biodiesel. RSM used to obtain the optimal combination of transesterification reaction conditions, including variables such as feedstock ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction time. A quantity of methanol and NaOH was transesterified in a reactor that had been filled with used cooking oil. The results showed the yield of biodiesel was achieved at 90.3250% with an optimum mole ratio of 1:7.59 (oil to methanol), a catalytic concentration of NaOH 0.14% by weight of oil and a reaction time of 15 minutes. The oil/methanol ratio is the most important operating parameter based on the ANOVA test. Based on the physical properties of biodiesel on density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, carbon residue and based on the results of GC-MS testing the biodiesel produced is in accordance with SNI 7182:2015.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Salicylanilide Compounds from Gondopuro Oil as an In-Vitro Koes Sundoro, Aries; Adhityasmara, Dhimas; Indriyanti, Erwin
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.42341

Abstract

A component of gondopuro oil is methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate has functional groups that allow it to be reformed. Changes in functional groups can occur through chemical reactions, one of which is through the aminolysis reaction to produce salicylamide or salicylanilide. The precursor for the synthesis of amide derivatives is a carboxylic acid, using natural methyl salicylate from gondopuro oil and amines sonochemically using sonichemical methods for 3, 4, and 5 hours with temperature control of ± 60ºC. Then liquid extraction was carried out using of hexane and distilled water 2 to 3 times until 2 phases were formed, then left for 1 night at a temperature of less than 100C and decanted. Then extracted with 10 mL of cold 5% NaOH 2 times until two phases were formed, namely the n-hexane fraction and the NaOH fraction. The NaOH fraction obtained is then heated using a water bath to evaporate the solvent so that it becomes a solid, which is then placed in an oven to form crystals. The crystals obtained were then dried using an oven at 40ºC until dry, and then the yield of the synthesized powder was calculated. From the research results, it can be concluded that Salicylanilide compounds can be synthesized using sonochemical methods and produce the largest % yield in the 3rd sample at 5 hours at 11.23%. Salicylanilide compounds have anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of 100.0 ppm with a % inhibition of 46.07%.
The Antibacterial Activity Testing on Acetyleugenol Against Staphylococcus aereus Dinurrosifa, Rahmawati Salsa; Sulistyarini, Indah; Darumas P, Athika; Indriyanti, Erwin
Al-Kimia Vol 11 No 2 (2023): DESEMBER
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v11i2.42347

Abstract

The main contents of clove oil are phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid, as well as flavonoids. One of the derivatives of the eugenol compound is acetyl eugenol which was developed by the esterification reaction between eugenol and acetic acid anhydride using the sonochemical method. Synthesis of acetyleugenol was sonicated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 70-80°C. The % yield of the synthesized compound is calculated and continued with testing which includes solubility, melting point, FTIR and GC-MS tests, which are then tested for antimicrobial activity. The research results show that eugenol and acetic acid anhydride compounds with a NaOH catalyst can be synthesized using ultrasonic waves and produce a % yield of 3.50%. The resulting synthesis can melt starting at a temperature of 30°C and can dissolve in ethanol, methanol, chloroform and ether but does not dissolve in distilled water. FTIR testing on the acetyl eugenol compound showed the presence of -OH phenolic groups, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O esters, and C=O esters. Acetyleugenol at concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% was able to act antibacterial on Staphylococcus aureus cultures with a density of 1.0 X 108 CFU/mL.

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