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INDONESIA
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Published by Pusat Litbang Daya Saing Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan
ISSN : 20895690     EISSN : 24069272     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Squalen publishes original and innovative research to provide readers with the latest research, knowledge, emerging technologies, postharvest, processing and preservation, food safety and environment, biotechnology and bio-discovery of marine and fisheries. The key focus of the research should be on marine and fishery and the manuscript should include a fundamental discussion of the research findings and their significance. Manuscripts that simply report data without providing a detailed interpretation of the results are unlikely to be accepted for publication in the journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 308 Documents
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Stress response in sponges and their potential applications to biomonitor stressors in coral reef ecosystem Dewi, Ariyanti Suhita
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 5, No 3 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v5i3.52

Abstract

Sponges are sessile invertebrates that belong to the class of primitive and simple metazoans.Slow mobility causing sponges to develop a high adaptability toward environmental changes. Asfilter feeder, sponges bioaccumulate pollutants from their surroundings. Therefore, they can beused as tools to detect heavy metals pollutions and non-biodegradable chemical wastes.Ecologically, every sponge species demonstrates different level of resiliency toward disturbances.Observation on their community structures, including species diversity, richness and abundance,provides information on the biological integrity of their inhabited ecosystem. Detection ofenvironmental stress also can be conducted by measuring the expression of stress indicatorprotein such as Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 as biomarker in sponges. These sensitive anddiverse stress responses make sponges as potential bioindicators for biomonitoring program ofcoral reef ecosystem.
Chemical Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification of Seaweed Solid Wastes Pujoyuwono Martosuyono; Andi Hakim; Yusro Nuri Fawzya
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 10, No 2 (2015): August 2015
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v10i2.130

Abstract

The technical feasibility of seaweed waste utilization as a resource of renewable energy was investigated in this paper. The production of fermentable sugars from seaweed waste was studied by dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment and further enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment was conducted by using 1.0 and 2.0% dilute sulfuric acid w/v and 4 and 5% sodium hydroxide w/v for 30 min at 121 oC. Pretreated seaweed wastes were analyzed by X­Ray Diffraction (XRD) to examine the crystallinity index of the cellulose and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine the changes in structure of cellulose fiber. Saccharification of pretreated seaweed waste was carried out using crude cellulase enzyme provided by Pulp and Paper Research Center in Bandung. Saccharification was done in shake flask with 20% of substrate in citrate phosphate buffer at 30 oC and 50 oC, agitation of 150 rpm in shaking incubator for 48 h. Samples were collected at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for further analysis. Enzyme concentrations were varied between 10­50 U/g dry samples. The results showed that dilute acid and base pretreatment of seaweed solid waste can be used to improve the digestibility of seaweed waste. It successfully acted by reducing the lignin content and degrading the structure of cellulose from crystalline into amorphous form which is more susceptible to the enzyme action.The optimum pretreatment condition was shown by 4% NaOH at 121 oC for 30 min, producing the most fermentable sugar concentration. Sugar concentration produced by saccharification was optimum at 50 oC, enzyme concentration of 50 U/g sample for 24 h base pretreatment. The results of the experiment were expected to contribute in the process development of bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials into renewable energy sources. 
Front Cover Squalen Bulletin Vol. 12 No. 2 Tahun 2017 Squalen Squalen
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v12i2.308

Abstract

Prospects for the utilization of marine bioenergy for coastal and small islands in Indonesia Asep Bayu
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 6, No 2 (2011): August 2011
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v6i2.63

Abstract

Marine bioenergy is the use of marine biomass for energy resources either directly or indirectlyvia chemical preparation. The end bioenergy products that can be derived are biobriket frommangrove, biogas from macroalgae, biodiesel from microalgae and bintaro seed and bioethanolfrom seagrass and nipah palm. The advantages of marine bioenergy compared to those fromsolar and wind are its abundant supply of raw materials as well as the low cost and simplicity of itsenergy conversion technologies. Marine bioenergy is capable to cover three main sectors ofenergy needed by coastal communities. The supply of energy can be reassured since the conceptof energy harvesting can be applied to transform coastal regions into “Desa Mandiri Energy”.Cultivation of energy crops may also provide new employments and increase public awarenesson the importance of coastal marine biology resources. Therefore, marine bioenergy could be anideal alternative that supports not only energy security, but also social, economy, and ecologyaspects.
Screening of Indonesian Streptomyces sp. Capable of Secreting Transglutaminase (Mtgase) and Optimization of Mtgase Production Using Different Growth Media Yusro Nuri Fawzya; Dewi Seswita Zilda; Seprianto Chaniago; Hana Nurullita Prestisia; Puspita Lisdiyanti; Noer Khasanah
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v11i1.195

Abstract

Transglutaminase (TGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of inter- and intra-molecular e-(l-glutamyl) lysine (GL) crosslinks, plays an important role in surimi-based products production. The development and the diversification of surimi-based products have recently been getting popular in Indonesia. These surimi-based products can be made from various types of fish. These products generally exhibit good gel strength properties,  depending on the fish type and the processing method used. Transglutaminase plays an important role in generating such properties. Fish’s endogenous TGase reduces quickly after it is caught and is almost completely destroyed by freezing it, applying exogenous TGase may improve fish’s gel forming ability. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) can potentially be used to increase gel properties. In this research, a total of 228 Streptomyces strains from marine and terrestrial environments were screened and selected based on their ability to produce MTGase. Strain TTA 02 SDS 14 exhibited the highest activity; and therefore, it was selected for further study. The 16S-rRNA gene analysis showed that it shared 99% similarity to S. thioluteus. In order to optimize MTGase activity, enzyme production was carried out using six different formulas media, designated as media A, B, C, D, E, and F. The result shows that the highest MTGase activity was observed in medium B that contains pepton (1.5%), MgSO4.7H20 (0.1%), KH2PO4 (0.5%), Na2HPO4 (0.5%), soybean powder (2%), potato starch (2%), and glucose (1.5%). The MTGase activity reached the highest level (1.45 U/ml) after 4 days of incubation
IDENTIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES FROM BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SHRIMP WASTE PROCESSING Chasanah, Ekowati; Ali, Mahrus; Ilmi, Miftahul
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): May 2012
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v7i1.11

Abstract

Attention on chitin degrading enzymes has been growing since their ability to reduce the waste of shrimp/other crustaceans processing industries and converting them into value added products such as biologically active chitin and chitosan oligomer. Previous experiment found that KLU 11.16 isolate was one of the potential bacteria isolated from shrimp waste producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitosanases. A study on the identification of KLU 11.16 extracellularcrude enzyme was carried out by cultivating the bacteria on chitin medium. Due to the wide application of chitosanase, the characterization of the crude chitosanase was carried out after an identification of the enzymes secreted. Based on assessment using zymogram technique, this bacteria secreted a mixed extracellular chitinolytic enzyme and other hydrolytic enzyme. The crudechitinolytic enzyme degraded 85% deacetylated (DA) better than 100% DA chitosan, and slightly degraded glycol chitin, indicating that KLU 11.16 secreted chitosanases and chitinases enzyme. In addition to the chitinolytic enzyme, the bacteria also secreted protein and carbohydrate degrading enzymes when running at SDS-PAGE enriched with casein, soluble starch and CMC substrates.Crude chitosanases enzyme was performed well at pH 6 and temperature of 300C, and the activity can be increased by addition of 1 mM Fe 2+ in form of chloride salt. Addition of detergent, i.e1mM of Triton X-100 and SDS slightly decreased the activity. Future application of the crude chitosanase from KLU 11.16 was on producing chitosan derivative such as chitosan oligomer using substrateof 85% DA chitosan, which is more digestable by other enzymes secreted by KLU 11.16
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PENGOLAHAN PEMPEK PALEMBANG Theresia Dwi Suryaningrum; Ijah Muljanah
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 4, No 1 (2009): May 2009
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v4i1.145

Abstract

Pempek merupakan makanan khas Palembang yang sudah dikenal luas secara nasional sebagai makanan yang gurih dan bergizi. Pempek pertama kali dibuat dengan menggunakan ikan belida (Notopterus sp) atau ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus sp), yaitu  ikan asli sungai Musi yang mempunyai daging putih dan rasa gurih yang khas. Namun karena sumberdaya kedua jenis ikan tersebut semakin langka, sekarang pempek dibuat dari ikan sungai maupun ikan laut. Di pasaran ada 2 jenis pempek yaitu pempek basah dan pempek kering. Pada prinsipnya pengolahan pempek terdiri atas pembersihan dan pemfiletan ikan, pelumatan daging, pengadukan adonan,  pencetakan dan pemasakan, sedangkan untuk pempek kering diperlukan satu tahap lagi yaitu pengeringan dengan menggunakan alat pengering mekanik. Alat pengering mekanik pempek yang dirancang oleh Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jakarta berupa kabinet yang  dilengkapi dengan rak dan sumber panas berasal dari gas elpiji. Kelemahan dari pempek kering adalah perlu direhidrasi (direndam dalam air) dan direbus kembali sebelum disajikan. Usaha pengolahan pempek cukup prospektif, pangsa pasarnya cukup luas karena digemari oleh sebagian besar masyarakat, teknologi pengolahannya sederhana, bahan bakunya mudah diperoleh serta keuntungan yang diperoleh cukup menjanjikan.  Oleh karena itu pengembangan usaha pengolahan pempek Palembang merupakan alternatif sebagai mata pencaharian dalam krisis ekonomi global saat ini.
Transposon Insertion Phenomenon during Cloning of a Partial Fragment Derived from Metagenomic DNA Isolated from Deep-Sea Water and Sediment of Kawio Island, North Sulawesi Agung, Mochamad Untung Kurnia; Moeis, Maelita Ramdani
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 8, No 3 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v8i3.84

Abstract

Transposon is well-known as mobile element found abundant both in prokaryote and eukaryote genomes. In bacteria, transposon (famous name of a transposable DNA) could jump from chromosome to plasmid and its contrary. One type of transposons in bacteria known as insertion sequence (IS), it does not contain any additional genes except a gene encoding transposase, an enzyme that correlated to transponsition activities. The finding of transposon insertion unfortunately found during cloning of a fragment derived from deep-sea metagenomic DNA in this research. In the initial, this research was aimed to clone and characterize the á-amylase encoded gene derived from metagenomic DNA isolated from deep-sea water and sediment of Kawio Island, North Sulawesi. Metagenomic DNA has been isolated from deep-sea water and sediment and by using Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) technique, the DNA it could be increased in quantities to 146,31 ng for each 1 ng of metagenomic DNA. A fragment of ~1000 bp in length was obtained by using touchdown PCR method. The presence of a transposon in this DNA fragment is proposed as a hypothesis for losing ~700 bp leaving just 310 bp cloned sequence. Analysis of sequencing result showed a highest similarity between this 310 bp partial fragment with a replication protein (Rep) encoded gene from Pseudomonas putida (Query Coverage: 88%; Max. Identity: 80%, Positive: 86%) and this protein is known to be involved in plasmid replication where transposase encoding genes known usually presence together with this gene (Rep gene) in a bacterial plasmid.
Determination and Optimization of Flour for Producing Crispy Baby Tilapia using Plackett Burman Design and Central Composite Design Method Syamdidi Syamdidi; Diah Ikasari; Hasta Octavini
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 12, No 1 (2017): May 2017
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v12i1.282

Abstract

Research on processing of crispy baby tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was conducted to obtain type and proportion of flour on this product with central composite design method. This research used 6 types of flour, namely wheat flour, rice flour, potato flour, tapioca flour, corn flour and baking powder. Baby tilapia used for this research were 30-40 day old, 2-3 cm long. Parameters observed were sensory (appearance, odor, taste, texture, overall acceptance) and crispness for the physical parameter. The results showed that only two out of six variables gave big effect on the tested response i.e potato and rice flour. Those two variables were then optimized with central composite design method to obtain the best product. The optimization process demonstrated that the optimum amount of potato and rice flour were 58-60 g (22.16-22.92%) and 40-60 g (15.28-22.92%), respectively.
The use of microalgae as the raw material of bioethanol Assadad, Luthfi; Utomo, Bagus Sediadi Bandol; Sari, Rodiah Nurbaya
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 5, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.v5i2.47

Abstract

Biofuel is one of alternative fossil fuel, in which the raw materials come from biological resources.One of the raw materials for biofuel production is microalgae. Microalgae grows rapidly, does notcompete with food for humans, and needs small areas to cultivate. Utilization of microalgae forbiofuel research nowadays is focusing on biodiesel production, but actually microalgae can beused to produce other biofuels such as bioethanol. The carbohydrate content of the microalgaecan be converted into glucose and fermented into alcohol. Carbohydrate content of the microalgaeis about 5.0–67.9%, which could produce bioethanol up to 38%. A harmony between bioethanoland biodiesel production from microalgae is needed for the optimum utilization of microalgae.Bioethanol production from microalgae can be done using de-oiled microalgae.

Page 4 of 31 | Total Record : 308

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