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Medical Scope Journal (MSJ)
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27153312     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35790/msj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
Medical Scope Journal (MSJ) diterbitkan oleh Perhimpunan Ahli Anatomi Indonesia (PAAI) Komisariat Manado bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. Tulisan yang dimuat dapat berupa artikel telaah (review article), hasil penelitian, dan laporan kasus dalam bidang ilmu kedokteran baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun dalam bahasa Inggris.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 178 Documents
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Pengaruh Kafein terhadap Tekanan Intraokular Juanito, Julian; Supit, Wenny P.; Rares, Laya M.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.2.2.2021.31851

Abstract

Abstract: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the risk factors of glaucoma or worsening of its prognosis. There are a lot of external factors that can affect IOP inter alia exercise, as well as some food and drinks. One of the drinks that could affect IOP is coffee that contains caffeine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether caffeine had an effect on IOP. This was a literature review study using 4 data bases, as follows: Clinical Key, Pub-med, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The keywords were Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 literatures were selected. The results showed that some literatures reported an increase in IOP after caffeine consumption, the others reported a decrease in IOP, meanwhile some others did not find any change of IOP. In conclusion, the effect of caffeine on IOP was acute. People who had high intensity of caffeine consumption had a more significant increase in IOP after consuming caffeine.Keywords: caffeine, intraocular pressure (IOP)  Abstrak: Peningkatan tekanan intraokular (TIO) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk terjadinya glaukoma atau memperburuk prognosis glaukoma. Terdapat banyak faktor eksternal yang dapat memengaruhi TIO, antara lain olahraga, minuman, dan makanan. Salah satu minuman yang dapat memengaruhi TIO ialah kopi yang mengandung kafein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kafein pada tekanan intraokular. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan empat database yaitu Clinical key, PubMed, Google scholar, dan Science direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil kajian mendapatkan bahwa beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya peningkatan TIO setelah konsumsi kafein, penelitian lain melaporkan penurunan TIO, dan terdapat pula penelitian yang tidak menemukan perubahan apapun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pengaruh kafein pada TIO hanya berlangsung akut. Individu yang memiliki intensitas konsumsi kafein lebih tinggi menunjukkan peningkatan TIO yang lebih nyata setelah mengonsumsi kafein.Kata kunci: kafein, tekanan intraokular (TIO) 
Prevalensi Kristal Urat dalam Urin pada Subjek Dewasa Muda Berat Badan Lebih dan Obes Tedjo, Tierza C. H.; Rambert, Glady I.; Monga, Arthur E.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.28003

Abstract

Abstract: Overweight and obese are conditions in which abnormal fat is accumulated in the body that may cause health problems. According to WHO, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, the BMI ≥23kg/m is considered overweight and ≥25kg/m is considered obese. This study was aimed to evaluate whether urate crystals were found in the urine of young adults with overweight and obese. This was an observational and descriptive study. Samples were chosen by using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling type. The results showed that there were 60 young adults as subjects, consisting of 24 males (40%) dan 36 females (60%). There were 22 overweight subjects (36.7%), 24 obese-1 subjects (40%), and 14 obese-2 subjects (23.3%). Of 60 subjects, urine amorph crystals were found in 32 subjects (58.3%) meanwhile oxalate calcium crystals were found in 12 subjects (20%). In conclusion, among young adults with overweight and obese, the prevalence of urine amorph urate crystal was 58.3% and of urine oxalate calcium crystal was 20%.Keywords: overweight, obese, urine crystal, amorphous urate crystal, calcium oxalate crystal Abstrak: Berat badan lebih dan obes adalah keadaan akumulasi lemak abnormal atau berlebih yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Menurut WHO, khususnya untuk area Asia-Pasifik, seseorang dikatakan tergolong berat badan lebih jika IMT-nya ≥23kg/m2 dan obes jika ≥25kg/m. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi adanya kristal urat dalam urin dewasa muda dengan berat badan lebih dan obes. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menda-patkan sebanyak 60 dewasa muda yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian, terdiri dari 24 orang laki-laki (40%) dan 36 orang perempuan (60%). Di antaranya terdapat 22 orang (36,7%) berat badan lebih, 24 orang (40%) obes 1, dan 14 orang (23,3%) obes 2. Dari 60 subyek, ditemukan kristal urat amorf pada 32 orang (58,3%) dan kalsium oksalat pada 12 orang (20%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada dewasa muda dengan berat badan lebih dan obes, prevalensi kristal urat amorf urin sebesar 58,3% dan kristal kalsium oksalat urin sebesar 20%.Kata kunci: berat badan lebih, obes, kristal urin
Gambaran Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) di RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado Tahun 2018 Syarwani, Teuku I.; Tendean, Hermie M. M.; Wantania, John J. E.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.27462

Abstract

Abstract: Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is the rupture of the membrane before delivery. This study was aimed to determine the profile of PROM based on maternal age, parity, occupation, duration of PROM, type of delivery, gestational age, and perinatal outcomes. This was a descriptive and retrospective study. Samples were delivery women who had PROM at gestational age≥ 37 weeks and <37 weeks at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado form January 1 to December 31, 2018. The results showed a total of 78 patients of PROM. Most patients were 20-34 years (65.39%), senior high school educated (71.80%), housewifery (69.23%), multiparity (58.87%), PROM ≥24 hours (65.38%), gestational age ≥37 weeks (85.90%), cesarean delivery (85.90%), and Apgar score of 7-10 (79.48%). In conclusion, PROM patients in 2018 were more common in age 20-34 years, senior high school educated, housewifery, multiparity, PROM ≥24 hours, gestational age ≥37 weeks, cesarean delivery, and a perinatal outcome of Apgar score of 7-10 (79.48%)Keywords: premature rupture of membrane Abstrak: Ketuban pecah dini (KPD) adalah keadaan pecahnya selaput ketuban sebelum persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian KPD berdasarkan usia ibu, paritas, pekerjaan, lamanya ketuban pecah, jenis persalinan, usia kehamilan, dan luaran perinatal. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Sampelpenelitian ini ialah ibu bersalin yang mengalami KPD pada usia kehamilan ≥37 minggu dan <7 minggu di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari -31 Desember 2018. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total 78 kasus KPD yang terdiri dari ibu berusia 20-34 tahun (65,39%), pendidikan SMA (71,80%), IRT (69,23%), multipara (58,87%), ketuban pecah ≥24 jam (65,38%), usia kehamilan ≥37 minggu (85,90%), persalinan seksio sesarea (85,90%), dan Apgar score 7-10 (79,48%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kasus KPD pada tahun 2018 yang paling sering pada usia ibu 20-34 tahun, pendidikan SMA, IRT, multipara, ketuban pecah ≥24 jam, usia kehamilan ≥37 minggu, persalinan seksio sesarea, dan luaran perinatal Apgar score 7-10.Kata kunci: ketuban pecah dini
Peran Terlipressin pada Penyakit Hati Kronik Andrea, Decky; Rotty, Luciana
Medical Scope Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2021): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.3.1.2021.33784

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic liver disease is a progressive impairment of liver function. It is caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver, viral infection of the liver, excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases such as galactosemia, autoimmune disease, and the influence of chemicals. Complications that are often found are esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin, which is a vasopressin analogue, is currently widely used in developed countries because it has been shown to improve survival of patients with esophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin is the current standard therapy for esophageal variceal bleeding in countries where it is available.Keywords: chronic liver disease; terlipressin  Abstrak: Penyakit hati kronis (PHK) adalah gangguan fungsi hati yang terjadi secara progresif. Peyakit hati kronis di sebabkan oleh non-alcoholic fatty liver, infeksi virus pada hati, konsumsi alkohol berlebihan, peyakit metabolik seperti galaktosemia, penyakit autoimun, dan pengaruh bahan kimia. Komplikasi yang sering ditemukan pada PHK ialah perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Terlipressin yang merupakan analog vasopressin saat ini banyak di pakai di negara maju karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pasien perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Dewasa ini terlipressin telah menjadi terapi standar perdarahan varises esofagus di negara-negara di mana obat ini tersedia.Kata kunci: penyakit hati kronik; terlipressin
Hubungan antara Beban Kerja Fisik dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja Industri Pembuatan Mebel Kayu di Desa Leilem Satu Reppi, Giani C.; Suoth, Lerry F; Kandou, Grace D.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2019): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.1.2019.26629

Abstract

Abstract: Work fatigue is a condition of decreased working performance of an individual. Workload could cause work fatigue, therefore, work burden -physically and mentally- has to be individually adjusted. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between work fatigue and workload among workers of furniture manufactures at Desa Leilem Satu. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Population consisted of all workers of furniture manufactures at Leilem Satu village with a total number of 72 workers. There were 42 respondents involved in this study. Data were analyzed by using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The Spearman Rank correlation test of the relationship between work fatigue and workload obtained a p-value of 0.039 (<0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between work fatique and workload among workers of furniture manufactures at Desa Leilem Satu.Keywords: workload, work fatigue Abstrak: Kelelahan kerja merupakan suatu keadaan dimana terjadi penurunan performa kerja dari seseorang. Beban kerja merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang terjadinya kelelahan kerja sehingga beban kerja yang diterima baik beban kerja fisik maupun mental harus sesuai dengan kemampuan fisik dan mental pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beban kerja fisik dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industri pembuatan mebel kayu di Desa Leilem Satu. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi yang digunakan yaitu seluruh pekerja di industri pembuatan mebel kayu di Desa Leilem Satu berjumlah 72 orang. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan yaitu 42 orang. Data pene-litian diuji dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil uji Spearman Rank terhadap hubungan antara beban kerja fisik dengan kelelahan kerja mendapatkan nilai p=0,039 (<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara beban kerja fisik dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industri pembuatan mebel kayu di Desa Leilem Satu.Kata kunci: beban kerja, kelelahan kerja
Perbandingan Leukosituria, Nitrit, Leukosit Esterase dengan Kultur Urin dalam Mendiagnosis Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Anak Sabriani, Jehan; Umboh, Adrian; Manoppo, Jeanette I. Ch.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.2.2.2021.32596

Abstract

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is the most common infection after upper airway infection. The diagnosis of UTI is based on urine culture, however, this examination takes a longer time and is quite expensive. Therefore, the diagnosis of UTI can also be confirmed by using leukocyturia, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase tests although they can not replace urine culture as the gold standard. This study was aimed to determine the accuracy of positive leukocyturia, positive nitrite, positive leukocyte esterase examination, combination of positive leukocyturia and nitrite examinations, positive leukocyturia and leukocyte esterase, and leukocyturia, nitrite, positive leukocyte esterase in diagnosing UTI. This was a literature review study. The results of the literature review showed that the range of accuracy of UTI diagnosis using positive leukocyte esterase examinations was 9-6.8%, positive nitrite was 2.8-100%, leukocyte esterase was 13.7-86%, combination of positive leukocyturia and nitrite had a sensitivity value of 33 %, and specificity of 94%, combination of positive leukocytic and leukocytic esterase had a sensitivity value of 70% and a specificity of 90%, and combination of leukocyturia, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase had an accuracy range of 100%. In conclusion, these examinations coul be used to confirm the diagnosis of UTI in children especially if the urine culture can not be performed on them.Keywords: urinary tract infection (UTI), leukocyturia, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, urine culture, children Abstrak: Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan infeksi yang paling sering terjadi pada anak setelah infeksi saluran napas atas. Diagnosis ISK ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kultur urin, namun pemeriksaan ini membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang cukup mahal. Pemeriksaan leukosituria, nitrit, dan leukosit esterase juga membantu dalam mendiagnosis ISK, namun ketiga pemeriksaan ini belum dapat menggantikan kultur urin sebagai baku emas untuk mendiagnosis ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar ketepatan pemeriksaan leukosituria positif, nitrit positif, leukosit esterase positif, gabungan pemeriksaan leukosituria dan nitrit positif, leukosituria dan leukosit esterase positif, dan gabungan leukosituria, nitrit, leukosit esterase positif dalam mendiagnosis ISK. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran ketepatan diagnosis ISK menggunakan pemeriksaan leukosituria positif yaitu 9-6,8%, nitrit positif sebesar 2,8-100%, leukosit esterase sebesar 13,7-86%, gabungan leukosituria dan nitrit positif memiliki nilai sensitivitas 33%, dan spesifisitas sebesar 94%, gabungan leukosituria dan leukosit esterase positif memiliki nilai sensitivitas 70% dan spesifisitas sebesar 90%, serta gabungan pemeriksaan leukosituria, nitrit, dan leukosit esterase memiliki kisaran ketepatan sebesar 100%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pemeriksan-pemeriksaan tersebut dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis ISK pada anak terutama bila kultur urin tidak memungkinkan dilakukan.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kemih (ISK), leukosituria, nitrit, leukosit esterase, kultur urin, anak
Penyakit Crohn: Laporan Kasus Siwy, Paul V.; Gosal, Fandy
Medical Scope Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.2.1.2020.29630

Abstract

Abstract: Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory transmural bowel disease with unspecific clinical characteritics. It could involve all parts of the digestive system. The exact cause of this disease remains unknown. Its manifestation depends on the location of involved intestinal mucosa, however, it could also occur extra intestinal. We reported a case of Crohn’s disease in a 54-year-old male. In this patient there was defecation with blood in stool, abdominal pain, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis was based on history, physical examination, endoscopic examination and colonoscopy, as well as histopathological examination. Colonoscopy EGD examination and tissue biopsy were performed on this patient and revealed esophagitis EGD classification of Los Angeles grade A and erosive gastritis. The results of colonoscopy suggested Crohn’s disease, and internal and external hemorrhoids. Pathology examination showed non-specific chronic gastritis, nonspecific chronic ileitis with datia cells, nonspecific pancolitis, and specific chronic proctitis. Disease activity measured by using CDAI (Crohn Disease Activity Index) score was 170 (mild disease). Moreover, based on the Montreal classification it was classified as A3 L3 B1 and SES-CD (Simple Endoscopic Scoring System in Crohn’s Disease) with value of 0 (not active). This patient was planned to be treated with 500 mg of mesalazine three times daily.Keywords: Crohn’s disease Abstrak: Penyakit Crohn adalah bagian dari penyakit inflamasi saluran cerna dengan karakteristik klinis yang tidak jelas, transmural, dan dapat mengenai semua bagian saluran cerna. Sampai saat ini etiologinya belum diketahui pasti. Manifestasi penyakit ini bervariasi tergantung kerusakan dari lokasi mukosa intestinal yang terkena. Manifestasi ini dapat juga terjadi di luar sistem saluran cerna. Kami melaporkan suatu kasus penyakit Crohn pada seorang laki-laki berusia 54 tahun. Pada pasien ini didapatkan buang air besar disertai darah, nyeri perut, mual dan penurunan berat badan. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan endoskopi dan kolonoskopi serta pemeriksaan histopatologik. Pemeriksaan EGD-kolonoskopi dan biopsi jarring-an dengan hasil EGD esofagitis klasifikasi Los Angeles grade A dan gastritis erosiva. Hasil kolonoskopi ialah kesan suspek penyakit Crohn dengan hemoroid interna dan eksterna. Hasil histopatologi mendapatkan gastritis kronik non spesifik, ileitis kronik non spesifik dengan sel datia, pankolitis non spesifik dan proktitis kronik non spesifik. Aktivitas penyakit diukur dengan skor CDAI sebesar 170 (aktivitas ringan) dan berdasarkan klasifikasi Montreal diklasifikasikan sebagai A3 L3 B1 dan SES-CD sebesar 0 (tidak aktif). Pasien ini direncanakan untuk diterapi dengan pemberian mesalasin 500mg tiga kali sehari.Kata kunci: penyakit Crohn
Gambaran Glukosa Darah dan Glukosa Urin pada Dewasa Muda Berat Badan Lebih dan Obes Lengkong, Timothy D.; Wowor, Mayer F.; Berhimpon, Siemona L. E.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.27816

Abstract

Abstract: Increased body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obese individuals is related to blood glucose as the main source of energy. Urine glucose or glucosuria is a condition where glucose is found in the urine (usually when serum blood glucose >200 mg/dL). This study was aimed to obtain the profile of blood glucose and urine glucose among overweight and obese young adult individuals. This was an observational and descriptive study. Samples were taken by using non-probability sampling and consecutive sampling. The results showed that of 106 overweight and obese young adult individuals, there were 51 individuals (48.1%) with blood glucose <90 mg/dL and 55 individuals (51.9%) with blood glucose ≥90 mg/dL; none of them had urine glucose. In conclusion, among overweight and obese young adult individuals, about half of them had blood glucose ≥90 mg/dL and the others had blood glucose ≥90 mg/dL, albeit, none had glucosuria.Keywords: overweight, obese, blood glucose, urine glucose, BMI Abstrak: Peningkatan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada keadaan berat badan lebih dan obes berhubungan dengan glukosa darah yang merupakan sumber energi dalam tubuh. Glukosa urin atau glukosuria adalah kondisi dimana glukosa ditemukan dalam urin (biasanya saat serum glukosa darah >200 mg/dL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran glukosa darah dan glukosa urin pada subjek dewasa muda dengan berat badan lebih dan obes. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan non-probability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan dari 106 dewasa muda yang tergolong berat badan lebih dan obes, terdapat 51 orang (48,1%) yang memiliki kadar glukosa darah <90 mg/dL dan 55 orang (51,9%) yang memiliki kadar glukosa darah ≥90 mg/dL, serta tidak ada yang memiliki glukosa urin. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada dewasa muda yang tergolong berat badan lebih dan obes, sekitar setengah daripadanya memiliki kadar glukosa darah ≥90 mg/dL dan setengahnya lagi memiliki kadar glukosa darah ≥90 mg/dL, tetapi tidak ada yang memiliki glukosuria.Kata kunci: berat badan lebih, obes, glukosa darah, glukosa urin, IMT
Morfologi, Patogenesis, dan Imunoterapi Kanker Paru Tipe Adenokarsinoma Robot, Renita Y.; Durry, Meilany F.; Kairupan, Carla F.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2021): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.3.1.2021.33544

Abstract

Abstract: Although some common therapies for cancers are available, many patients experience relapse during therapy. Therefore, an understanding of the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas is needed in lung cancer therapies, especially targeted therapies. Immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in the therapy of various tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was aimed to review the morphology, pathogenesis, and immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinomas. This was a literature review study using databases of Clinical Key, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The results showed that morphology of lung adenocarcinomas was characterized by the presence of lesions consisting of several morphological spectra, starting with pre-invasive lesions, then minimally invasive adenocarcinomas to invasive adenocarcinomas. Pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas was associated with genetic changes of several genes such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1; however, the most frequently involved were EGFR, KRAS, and ALK. The immunotherapies used for lung adeno-carcinomas were nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, durvalumab, avelumab, cemiplimab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and matuzumab; however, the most commonly used were nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab. In conclusion, morphological spectra of lung adeno-carcinomas are pre-invasive lesions, minimally invasive adenocarcinomas, and invasive adeno-carcinomas. Pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinomas is associated with the presence of genetic changes, especially mutations of EGFR, KRAS and ALK. The most widely used immunotherapies for lung adenocarcinomas are nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which are included in the PD-1 antibody group and atezolizumab in the PD-L1 antibody group.Keywords: lung adenocarcinoma morphology; pathogenesis; immunotherapy  Abstrak: Telah tersedia beberapa terapi umum kanker namun banyak pasien mengalami kekambuhan saat terapi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pemahaman tentang patogenesis adenokarsinoma paru dalam terapi kanker paru khususnya terapi target. Imunoterapi dianggap sebagai teknologi yang memberikan harapan dan telah terbukti efektif dalam terapi berbagai tumor, termasuk non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah morfologi, patogenesis, dan imunoterapi dari kanker paru tipe adenokarsinoma. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan database Clinical Key, Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan morfologi adenokarsinoma paru ditandai adanya lesi yang terdiri dari beberapa spektrum morfologik, diawali dengan lesi preinvasif, selanjutnya lesi adenokarsinoma invasif minimal sampai adenokarsinoma invasif. Patogenesis adenokarsinoma paru berhubungan dengan perubahan genetik beberapa gen, yaitu EGFR, KRAS, ALK, dan ROS1; namun yang paling sering terlibat ialah EGFR, KRAS, dan ALK Imunoterapi yang digunakan untuk terapi adenokarsinoma paru ialah nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, durvalumab, avelumab, cemiplimab, cetuximab, panitumumab, dan matuzumab; namun terbanyak digunakan ialah nivolumab, pembrolizumab, dan atezolizumab. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah spektrum morfologi dari adenokarsinoma paru berupa lesi preinvasif, adenokarsinoma invasif minimal, dan adenokarsinoma invasif. Patogenesis dari adenokarsinoma paru berhubungan dengan adanya perubahan genetik, terutama mutasi EGFR, KRAS, dan ALK. Imunoterapi yang paling banyak digunakan untuk terapi adenokarsinoma paru ialah nivolumab dan pembrolizumab yang termasuk dalam golongan antibodi PD-1 serta atezolizumab yang masuk dalam golongan antibodi PD-L1.Kata kunci: morfologi adenokarsinoma paru; patogenesis; imunoterapi
Hubungan Antara Usia dan Masa Kerja dengan Keluhan Muskulo-skeletal pada Pekerja Mebel di Desa Leilem Dua Kecamatan Sonder Tambuwun, Jerro H.; Malonda, Nancy S. H.; Kawatu, Paul A. T.
Medical Scope Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.1.2.2020.27201

Abstract

Abstract: Musculoskeletal complaints vary from mild to severe form. Musculoskeletal com-plaints and disorders could occur due to work or conditions at work inter alia odd posture, static and repetitive movements, as well as physical exposure such as temperature and vibration. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between age and work period and musculoskeletal complaints among furniture workers at Desa Leilem Dua, Sonder. This was an analytical survey study with a cross sectional design. Population of this study consisted of 210 workers, meanwhile respondents were 68 workers. We used the Nordic Body Map questionnaire and the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α=0.05). The results showed that 17 respondents aged ≥30 years had moderate complaints and 36 respondents had severe complaints meanwhile 12 respondents aged <30 years had moderate complaints and 3 respondents had severe complaints. Moreover, 21 respondents who had work period <10 years had moderate complaints and 10 respondents had severe complaints; 8 respondents who had work period ≥10 years had moderate complaints and 29 respondents had severe complaints. The chi-square obtained a p-value of 0.002 for the relationship between age and musculoskeletal complaints and a p-value of 0.000 for the relationship between work period and musculoskeletal complaints. In conculsion, there was a significant relationship between age and musculoskeletal complaints as well as between work period and musculoskeletal complaints among furniture workers at Desa Leilem Dua, Sonder.Keywords: musculoskeletal complaints, furniture worker Abstrak: Keluhan muskuloskeletal dapat bervariasi dari keluhan ringan sampai berat. Keluhan dan gangguan muskuloskeletal dapat terjadi karena faktor pekerjaan atau kondisi saat bekerja berupa postur janggal, gerakan statis dan berulang, juga berupa pajanan fisik seperti suhu dan getaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara usia dan masa kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja mebel di Desa Leilem Dua Kecamatan Sonder. Jenis penelitian ialah survei analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini ialah 210 pekerja sedangkan yang menjadi responden ialah 68 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Nordic Body Map dengan uji bivariat meng-gunakan uji chi-square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 17 responden berusia ≥30 dengan keluhan sedang dan 36 responden dengan keluhan berat; 12 responden yang berusia <30 tahun dengan keluhan sedang dan 3 responden dengan keluhan berat. Terdapat 21 responden dengan masa kerja <10 tahun mengalami keluhan sedang dan 10 responden mengalami keluhan berat; 8 responden dengan masa kerja ≥10 tahun mengalami keluhan sedang dan 29 responden mengalami keluhan berat. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan antara usia dan keluhan muskuloskeletal mendapatkan nilai p=0,002 dan terhadap hubungan antara masa kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal mendapatkan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia dan masa kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja mebel di Desa Leilem Dua Kecamatan Sonder.Kata kunci: keluhan muskuloskeletal, pekerja mebe

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