Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[Sekuritisasi Isu Separatisme Patani, Thailand Selatan dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme ]]>
<![CDATA[Wulandari, Cintya]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosyidin, Mohamad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The escalation in insurgency by Southern Thailand separatist groups that began with the Arion military raid, the Krue-se and Tak Bai incidents in 2004, promted the Thai government to take securitization action against an ethnational nationalist issue that had not previously been considered a political issue. This research aimed an explanation of the securitization process undertaken by the Thai government to construct the ethnonationalist issue of Southern Thailand as a threat to Thailand's national security. This research uses the securitization theory which is focus in speech act. Speech act is the process of securitization where policy makers (stakeholders) gave an official statement to change the public's opinion on the issue.This research uses qualitative method through library literature data. The results of this study found that the process of securitization of ethno-nationalist issues in South Thailand originated from a non-political issue that became a political issue after being constructed by Thai government officials statements by speech act such as "legal action should be taken" and "we mean business" aimed to construct to the Thai community the ethno-nationalist issue of Southern Thailand poses a threat to Thailand's national security.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Motif dan Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dalam Penanganan dan Pencegahan Kejahatan Trafficking in Persons (TIP) di Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Ilyas, Maulana Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Trafficking in Persons (TIP) is a form of modern-day slavery which seizes the human rights and freedom of its victims. The alarming situation of this transnational crime development has led the world leaders to realize the necessity of a jointly agreed international instrument to prosecute and prevent this notorious crime. Then, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children UNTOC was established in 2000. In 2001, the United States emerged as an advocate of Palermo Protocol towards entire countries in the world. The U.S. has promoted compliance to the TIP Protocol through an annual TIP report, followed by unilaterally exercised rewards and punishments. The U.S. always reiterates that her active role in the global TIP prosecution and prevention is intended to uphold human rights and freedom values. Nonetheless, the U.S. sincerity has been questioned by some parties, criticized for its self-interest and political tendency. This thesis will reveal the motive/reason behind the U.S. active role in Indonesia’s TIP prevention, prosecution, dan protection through application of rational theory of International Relations. This thesis applies qualitative research method to gain perceptivity of reason, opinion, and motive underlying actor’s behavior. The conclusion of this thesis is that the U.S. takes active role in Indonesia’s TIP prevention, prosecution, and protection to gain her self-interest in maintaining safe migration. Her motive is to contain terrorism Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Memori dan Trauma dalam Hubungan Internasional: Pengaruh Isu “Comfort Women†terhadap Kerjasama Keamanan Jepang dan Korea Selatan ]]>
<![CDATA[Adityani, Fiandara Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Japan and South Korea have a complicated relations ever since Japan’s occupation in Korean Peninsula in 1910. During Japan’s occupation, Japanese military abducted thousands of Korean women to work in a military brothel and serve as a sex slaves for Japanese forces, or known as “comfort womenâ€. Trauma left by Japanese colonial rule created mutual animosities which hamper bilateral relations between both countries. In 2012, South Korea back off from the first military cooperation pact with Japan, due to overflow public resentment in South Korea toward Japan. The objective of this research is to understand how “comfort women†issue impacted bilateral security cooperation between Japan and South Korea. This research used qualitative methods alongside with the concept of memory, war, and world politics to explain how memory and trauma shape South Korean’s perception toward Japan, as well as the concept of Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies to explain the impact of public opinion toward South Korea’s foreign policy. The result of this research indicated that history of “comfort women†created collective memory in South Korea, which hampers its bilateral security cooperation with Japan. The bilateral security cooperation between Japan and South Korea established only after two nations reach consensus in “comfort women†issue.]]>
<![CDATA[Celah Kejahatan dalam Relasi Pangan-Manusia Studi Kasus Ndrangheta dalam Kejahatan Pangan di Italia ]]>
<![CDATA[Ningrum, Nadita Anisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Food crime in the form of food product fraud especially in fraudulent olive oil commodities frequently occurred in the period 2014 to 2017 in Italy. The estimated profit gained by organized crime groups reaches millions of euros. Italian agriculture has finally become the focus of mafia's Ndrangheta involvement in the food chain. This research is aimed to find out why the Ndrangheta group committed food crime in Italy and to analyzed the Ndrangheta group as transnational organized crime group. The Ndrangheta group in the Italian food crime scheme is puzzling as to why human-food relations bring up the Ndrangheta group to commit food crimes in Italy. In response to this phenomenon, this thesis used the concept of transnational organized crime groups and non-traditional security concepts, with qualitative methods. The results showing that the presence and characteristics of the Ndrangheta group, the socio-economic conditions of the Calabria region and the facilitative system encouraged food crime take place in Italy. Also extreme power of Ndrangheta made them worse to be controlled. Therefore multilateral cooperation is needed in the form of institutions or regimes that can press for the urgency of food crime, pursue strategies in deterring and detecting the existence of organized crime groups.]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh Sertifikasi Kakao terhadap Penurunan Praktik Perbudakan Anak oleh Petani Kakao di Pantai Gading ]]>
<![CDATA[Bilhaq, Azzahra Soraya]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Fendy Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Pattipelohy, Shary Charlotte]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, but in the process of production there are child labour incident that occur due to several factors. Children under the age of 17 do work like cutting cocoa beans using a machete or a large knife in Ivory Coast's cocoa plantation. Some of the child laborers in Ivory Coast are a victims of human smuggling and come from neighboring countries such as Ghana, Burkina Faso and Mali. Child slavery is an act that violates the rights of children and adversely affects the child's physical, mental, and future. Cocoa certification is a way to ensure the quality of cocoa plantation production. This research using descriptive-analytic method with neoliberalism perpective to approach the issue. International relations is important in order to find a solution. UTZ Certified has a sustainable program that is followed by cocoa farmers in Ivory Coast and in the program the problem of child labour is also a matter of concern. UTZ Certified as non-profit international organization works with communities, international organizations and chocolate companies to reduce the practice of child slavery in Ivory Coast.]]>
<![CDATA[Cyber Laundering melalui Online Games: Potensi Ancaman Keamanan Ekonomi ]]>
<![CDATA[Kaloka, Muchamad Kibar]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The development of money laundering modus has begun to move into the digital and the internet world, which triggers the emerging of potential of new threats. One of these potentials is the potential threat of cyber laundering through online games. The world of entertainment market, especially in the field of online games that continues to grow has the potential to invite potential money launderers. In Indonesia, this market still does not have a strong regulation. It creates a gap for cyber laundering. This research seeks to see how big the potential threat is and whether the Indonesian government has realized about the potential threat, and how are the chances of the issue to be securitized by the Indonesian government. The research method used is quantitative and qualitative by collecting data and analyzing them to find out how big the potential of the threat and the securitization opportunities of the threat. The result of this research shows that there is a lack of securitization from the Indonesian government due to the related parties in the field of gaming and the government itself has not realized the potential of this threat, so there are gaps that can be entered by potential money launderers.]]>
<![CDATA[Peran Interpol dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Obat-Obatan Palsu di Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Adhinugroho, M. Yudhistira]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Farabi, Nadia]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Interpol is an international organization whose focus on transnational and international crime. One of the concerns is pharmaceutical crimes related to the distribution of counterfeit drugs. Indonesia, as the largest country in Southeast Asia, is surely cannot be separated from the cycle of counterfeit drugs distribution. This study aimed to understand the role and purpose of Interpol as international organization om combating counterfeit drugs in Indonesia. Therefore, this study used the concept of role and purpose of international organization through neoliberalism institutional perspective. This study showed that Interpol had fulfilled the expectation which was determined by the aforementioned concept. One of which is by doing Pangea Operation. It resulted that this operation has given benefits to Indonesia by creating platform for different sectors to cooperate synergistically.]]>
<![CDATA[The United Kingdom Ambivalence on Preservation of British Virgin Islands Status Quo as Tax Havens 2016 ]]>
<![CDATA[Syahla, Ratelia Nabila]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[2016 was highlighted as the year of the biggest and scandalous tax havens report in all over the world: the Panama Papers. This report contributes into country initiation in tax contribution and tax evasion criminalization. It highlights and offers new concept of tax havens by providing the new definition in offshore utilization as a part of tax havens scheme. Hence this thesis focuses on UK and BVI (British Virgin Islands) relations on how they form mutual relations in tax havens network and give a detrimental effect toward tax contribution. United Kingdom and British Virgin Islands form an umbilical relations as overseas territory and part of their financial services, hence their presence as part of United Kingdom tax havens assesses as part of United Kingdom contrary and ambivalance. Therefore this research focuses on how hegemonic country preserved their relations with their former colony into one affiliation, and aims on how harmful London curbs their former colony as a part of their offshore nexus in tax havens.]]>
<![CDATA[Peran United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee (UNHCR) dalam Menangani Pengungsi Suriah Korban Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV) di Lebanon ]]>
<![CDATA[Shabrina, Adinda Ayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Windiani, Reni]]>;
<![CDATA[Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Sexual and gender-based violence is a violence directed against someone based on their gender or sex. SGBV can happen not only in times of peace but also in times of war. This is also what happens in Lebanon to the refugees from Syria. These Syrian refugees have to face and deal with sexual violence and harrassment like rape, survival sex, and early marriage. This research will analyze the roles UNHCR have in handling SGBV victims in Lebanon using the international organization theory by Clive Archer and humanitarian diplomacy concept by Larry Minear and Hazel Smith. This research aims to identify the presence of each activities of humanitarian diplomacy in Lebanon and analyze the role of UNHCR according to the international organization theory. This research uses the literature study method with 2012-2016 set as its timeframe. The result of this research is that humanitarian diplomacy activities are present in Lebanon, and UNHCR has played its role as an international organization in Lebanon.]]>
<![CDATA[Upaya BNP2TKI Dalam Menaggulangi Human Trafficking TKI di Malaysia Tahun 2010-2013 ]]>
<![CDATA[Wijaya, Chandra Kusuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The theme of this research is the effort and effectiveness of BNP2TKI role in Preventing Human Trafficking TKI in Malaysia 2010-2013. This research uses the concept of human trafficking to describe human trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This research, found that the efforts of BNP2TKI in preventing human trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia 2010-2013 are conducted by advocacy and law enforcement, labor protection in pre-placement, placement and post-placement period. In addition, BNP2TKI conducted computerization, as well as coordination with domestic agencies and cooperation with various international actors, including INCB, ILO and IOM. The role of BNP2TKI in dealing with Indonesian human trafficking issues in Malaysia has shown good achievement, although it can not be a fundamental solution. This is marked by decrease in cases, optimization of service standardization to system automation.]]>
