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Pengujian Ekstrak Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) untuk Pengendalian Nematoda Bengkak Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Ruliani, Lili; Purnama, Andang; Tohidin, Tohidin
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Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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ABSTRACTÂ Testing of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaf Extract in Controlling Root â Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Â Meloidogyne spp. is agent of root â knot disease on tomato plants. One alternative to controlling root â knot disease on tomato plants is by using botanical nematicides such as mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract. The purpose of this research was to get an effective and efficient concentration of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract in controlling Meloidogyne spp. on tomatoes. This research was conducted at the green house of Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from March to April 2016. The research was arranged in the Randomized Block Design consisted of 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments which is the concentration of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract 50 g/l, 100 g/l, 150 g/l, 200 g/l, control and carbofuran 2 g/plant. The results showed that treatment with concentration of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract 150 g/l was effective and efficient in controlling Meloidogyne spp. in root tomato in the green house. That treatment suppressed the number of gall in root tomato was 72,9%.Â Keywords : Botanical pesticides, leaf extract, Mangifera indica L., Meloidogyne spp., tomato plant.Â Â ABSTRAKÂ Meloidogyne spp. adalah nematoda yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit bengkak akar pada tanaman tomat. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengendalikan penyakit bengkak akar pada tanaman tomat adalah dengan menggunakan nematisida alami berupa ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi ekstrak daun mangga yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengendalian nematoda Meloidogyne spp. pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2016. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji diantaranya adalah konsentrasi ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L.) 50 g/l, 100 g/l, 150 g/l, 200 g/l, kontrol dan carbofuran 2 g/tanaman. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan perlakuan 150 g/l ekstrak daun Mangifera indica L. efektif dan efisien dalam mengendalikan nematoda Meloidogyne spp. pada akar tanaman tomat di rumah kaca. Perlakuan tersebut dapat menekan jumlah gall pada akar tanaman tomat sebesar 72,9 %.Â Kata kunci : Nematisida alami, ekstrak daun, Mangifera indica L., Meloidogyne spp., tanaman tomat.

Potential Toxicity Of Some Plant Metanol Extracts Against Aedes aegepti (L). Larvae Nanda, Ernaldi Eka; Santosa, Entun; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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Resistance is a decrease in the level of sensitivity of a pest populations that causing a previously effective pesticides becoming ineffective. This case is caused by inappropriate insecticides application, continuous use, only one type of pesticide and usage for long periods of time. There are a lot alternative source of insecticides which is more effective and environmentally friendly. One alternative source of insecticides that can be used for pest control is plants. This study aimed to determine the potential toxicity of methanol extract of N. tabacum, B. asiatica, V. zizanoides, A. indica, and T. vogelli on the mortality and development time of A. aegypti mosquito larvae. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The experiment was performed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment and 4 replication. The result showed that methanol extracts of the test material were toxic to the larvae A. aegypti with the highest the lowest toxicity were at the concentration of 0.001% i.e treatment of T. vogelli, N. tabacum, B. asiatica, A. indica, and V. zizanoides with the successive rate of mortality (45%, 65%), (37.5%, 60%), (32.5%, 50%) and (32,5%, 47.5%). Besides being toxic, the methanol extract also influenced development of A. aegypti larvae. The pH levels and the dissolved oxygen content of the tested methanol extract solution at the concentration of 0.005% in each treatment are not much different when compare with controls.

Toxicity of four kind plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides L., Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz., Melia azedarach L., Tephrosia vogelii Hook F.) against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens STAL.) Febritami, Giannisa; Usyati, N; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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One of the main pests that attack rice plants is the brown planthopper (BPH) or Nilaparvata lugens StÃ¥l. The negative impact of synthetic insecticides that have been used to control BPH causing increased desire to return to nature with the use of natural materials for plantÂ protection. One source of natural ingredients that can be used in plant protection can come from plants as a botanical insecticide. Several plant species are known to have the botanical insecticidal activity such as Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), Barringtonia asiatica (Lechytidaceae), Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) and Tephrosia vogelii (Fabaceae). In this research, toxicity testing was performed on extracs of A. conyzoides, B. asiatica, M. azedarach and T. vogelii to BPH, and its phytotoxicity on rice plants. The research was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in experimental toxicity test of plant extract and phytotoxicity test on rice plant was done using 2 concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% in each plant extract, and used 0.5% concentration on anti-oviposition effect. The results showed that T. vogelii methanol extract with 0,5% concentration caused the highest nymphs brown planthopper mortality which was 42,5% and at concentration 0,5% the four plant extract did not cause inhibition of oviposition activity on the BPH and did not cause phytotoxicity in rice plants.

The effectiveness of soursop seed (Annona muricata L.) agains Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Gilang, Rama Ginanjar; Susniahty, Nenet; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) one of the main pests that cause damage to mung beans in storage areas. This research was conducted to determine the effective dose from soursop seed (Annona muricata) powder resulting mortality and emphasizing the amount of imago on the first-generation C. Maculatus. This research was conducted at Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor using experimental method of Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were tested using 5 doses of A. muricata seed powder with 1 grams, 3 grams, 5 grams, 7 grams, and 9 grams doses, and added with control or without treatment. The results showed that the dose of 5 grams A. muricata seed powder showed the mortality of C. maculatusÂ by 94% at 8 days after infestation, emphasizing the amount of eggs which is placedÂ C. maculatus of mungbean seed 77,64%. Emphasis on the emergence of the first generation of imago in the mung bean seeds is 74.67%. The lowest of loss weight mung beed seed amount 1,33%.Keywords: Annona muricata, Callosobruchus maculatus, Soursop Seed Powder, Mortality

Population Fluctuations Oryctes rhinoceros L. Beetle in Plant Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Given Mulching Oil Palm Empty Bunch Fauzana, Hafiz; Sutikno, Agus; Salbiah, Destia
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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Oil palm is a pre-eminent commodity in Indonesia, especially in Riau Province. The main pests that attack the oil palm is the pest of beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. The life cycle of pre-adult O. rhinoceros is on the ground, while the one that attacks the plant is the beetle stadia. The application of oil palm empty bunches (OPEB) to oil palm cultivation that functions as mulch and soil compost can improve the physical and biological properties of the soil, otherwise O. rhinoceros actually increases its population with OPEB application. The objective of this research is to know the population of O. rhinoceros in oil palm plantation given mulch of empty palm oil bunches. Research using survey method, observation done at PT. Adei Plantation & Industry. Observations made on the pradati with the size of the soil as a sample, to catch the adult beetles used ferotrap using pheromones as much as 5 ferotrap on 10 ha of land. Observations included the pre-adult population, the beetles population of O. rhinoceros, sex ratio, biomass, attack intensity. The results of research that has been done showsthat in the low adults population were the average of 8 tails per week, instar 2 most found was 15 tails. The population of beetles O. rhinoceros were the average of 23.8 tail / ferotrap / month. Population O. rhinoceros 1st week and 2nd, 3rd week decreased, lowest was at 4th week. The sex ratio of female and male beetles was 19.4: 4.4 or 4.54: 1. The intensity of O. rhinoceros attack was 11.72 Â± 2.01% belonging to the category of minor attacks.Keywords: beetles O. rhinoceros, oil palm empty bunches, fluctuations, population.

Bioactivity Formulation Of Leaf Extract Of Kalanchoe pinnata And Seed Of Azadirachta indica Against Spodoptera litura Paramita, Hedi; Puspasari, Lindung Tri; Maharani, Rani; Supratman, Unang; Hidayat, Yusup; Meliansyah, Rika; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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The aim of this research is to know the most effective concentration of liquid formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract 50 EC and Azadirachta indica seed extract 50 EC against S. litura. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Enviromental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The concentration were tested of each formulation were 1%, 2%, 3 %, 4%,and control.Â The experiment arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The results showed that the formulation of A. indica seed extract 50 EC at concentration of 2%, 3%, and 4% effective against S. Litura larvae with mortality of 76.7%, 86.7, and 93.3%Â This formulation also causing a decrease in feeding activity, weight, and lenghten the development time of S.litura larvae. Unlike the case with liquid formulations of K. pinnata 50 EC extract which was less toxic and did not show significant differences in feed intake, weight of larvae, and development time of larvae compared control treatment.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Keywords: Toxicity, mortality, growth dearragement, botanical insecticide.

Effectiveness of Storage Time Formulation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Aedes aegypti Larvae (Linnaeus, 1757) ., Melanie; Rustama, Mia Miranti; Sihotang, Inriyani Sintia; Kasmara, Hikmat
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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Aedes aegypti is known as the main vector of dengue fever in Indonesia which causes a high number of deaths and become an outbreak every year. This disease is generally controlled by breaking the life cycle of mosquitoes with restricted breeds and using synthetic insecticides. So far biological agents from natural enemies and natural pathogens have been developed to anticipate the negative effects of synthetic insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis is well known as entomopathogenic bacteria that can control various insect pests of cultivated plants and vector insects, such as Ae.aegypti.Â B. thuringiensis can form endospores that produced toxin to Ae.aegypti, while the advatages are safe against non-target organisms such as natural predators and parasites, safe for mammals and humans and do not pollute the environment. Effective duration of B. thuringiensis in infecting Ae. aegypti is an important thing to be studied, moreover it is important to know the effectiveness of the expired formulation on the market and the residual effect. This ensures that the use of B. thuringiensis remains safe and does not create new problems such as Ae. aegyptiÂ resistance. The experimental research was used bioassay method, toxicity test was performed B. thuringiensis expired and non expire as comparison at concentration 0 ppm (control), 0,3 ppm; 0.1 ppm; 0.07 ppm; 0.05 ppm; 0.03 ppm; 0.01 ppm. The parameters observed were mortality for 48 hours of toxicity test that results were indicated by LC 50, LC90 and recidual values. The results obtained were LC50 and LC formulations B.thuringiensis expired 0.305 ppm and 1.513 ppm much higher than the non expire LC50 and LC formulations of 0.0363 ppm and 0.8971 ppm. The recidual effect of expired B. thuringiensis on larvae Ae. Aegypti was only effective until day 12, whereas B. thuringiensisÂ thatÂ non expire formulation was effectively until day 14.Keywords : Ae. aegypti, B. thuringiensis, mortality, recidual values, expired formulation

Testing The Effect of Temperature, Storage Time, The Residual Test of Neem Oil Formulation (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) and Bitung Formulation (Baringtonia asiatica) to Its Toxicity Against Large Cabbage Heart Caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana F) Widayani, Neneng Sri; Haq, Afifah Nashirotul; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and storage time of neem formulation and residual test of neem formulation and bitung formulation to its toxicity on C. pavonana larvae. The formulations tested on the storability and temperature test using the newly prepared, neem formula has been stored for 19 months at room temperature 24.6-31,7 C, and stored in low temperature (4oC) as well as controls. The toxicity of the neem oil formulation was tested at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Residual testing was performed by spraying and the residual test samples were taken on days 0,1,2,3,5,7,9,11, and 13 days after application of insecticide spraying. The results showed that storage at low temperatures (temperature 4oC) for 19 months can maintain the toxicity of the neem formulation to C. pavonana larvae. while storage at room temperature for 19 months resulted in a decreased toxicity. The residual activity of the neem formulations of concentration 0.8% and 2.4% ceased to cause the death C. pavonana larvae at the residual age of 13.34 days and 14.66 days. The activity of Bitung formulation concentration of 1.1% and 2.8% ceased to causing death C. pavonana larvae at the residual age of 11.33 days and 16.26 days.Keyword: Azadirachta indica, Baringtonia asiatica, Crocidolomia pavonana, Residue test, Storability test, Temperatures, Toxicity,

Laboratory Evaluation of Neem formulation bioactivity against Crocidolomia pavonana F. larvae Ramadhan, Raden Arif Malik; Widayani, Neneng Sri; Dono, Danar
CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

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This study aims to evaluate the bioactivity of the Neem formulationÂ against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae in the laboratory. The study using six treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of control, the neem formulaconcentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.3%, and 2.3%. The test was done by leaf feeding method and tested on C. pavonana instar II. The results showed that the neem formulation 2.3% could increase mortality of C. pavonana larvae with mortalityrate of 95% population and LCÂ value aqual to 0.82973. Neem formulation can inhibit the development of C. pavonanalarvae from instar I to instar IV, decrease feed intake, and decrease the dry weight of C. pavonana larvae instar IV. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Bioactivity, Crocidolomia pavonana, neem formulation

Toxicity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) (Lecythidaceae) from Different Place in Indonesia Against Spodotera litura F (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Danar Dono; Irpan Permana
CROPSAVER Vol 1, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

One of the potential plants to be developed as insecticide is Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae). Phytochemicals of the same species plant is different in different place and time. This research was conducted to determine toxicity methanolic seed extract of Barringtonia asiatica from different field in Java i.e. Pangandaran, Sindangkerta, Bandung, Jatinangor, and Yogyakarta against Spodoptera litura. The evaluation of toxicity was carried out using feeding method. The result indicated that seed extract of B. asiatica showed value of toxicity from higher to lower were extract of B.asiatica from Pangandaran, Jatinangor, Sindangkerta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta respectively. The extract of B. asiatica showed rendement from higer to lower were extract of B.asiatica from Pangandaran (37.8%), Sindangkerta (36.1%), Yogyakarta (29.3%), Bandung (26.5%) and Jatinagor (25.8%). Methanolic seed extract of B.asiatica from Pangandaran showed the highest toxicity and rendement compared from the other place, with LC at 0.53%. In addition of toxic property, the extract of B. asiatica seed decreased of 50 leaf consumption and pupal weight and lenghtened development time of tested larvae. Keywords: Biology, extract, toxicity, Barringtonia asiatica, Spodoptera litura

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