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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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PEWARNA ALAMI BATIK DARI KULIT SOGA TINGI (Ceriops tagal) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI Handayani, Prima Astuti; Maulana, Ivon
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2793

Abstract

Synthetic coloring techniques shift the natural coloring techniques because the process is much easier, and the resulting color is more diverse. However, it comes into doubts if the synthetic color materials is continuously used because the produced waste harms the human health and indirectly polutes the environment. Hence, the bark of soga tingi which contains tanin as natural coloring subtances can be used as a substitute for synthetic dyes for Batiks. The extraction of tanin from the soga tingi bark is carried out in the refluxed equipment set. The materials used in the study consist of ethanol, aquadest, soga tingi bark, alum, lime, and tunjung. The experiment is done by varying the solvents and the extraction time. The solvent of ethanol-aquadest used in the experiment varied at the ethanol concentration of 96%, 70%, 30%, and without ethanol. The bark of soga tingi is dried and crushed into powder. The ratio of materials and solvent used in the experiment is 1:4 m/v. The extraction run at temperature of 700 oC for 3 hours. The coloring substances is subsequently analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The coloring substances made of soga tingi bark is applied by adding other key components such as alum, lime, and tunjung. The experimental results show the extraction of tanin from soga tingi bark yield the highest tanin (24,343 ppm) when solvent of 96% ethanol is used. Moreover, the extraction for 3 hours yield higher tanin concentration than 2 hours. This dye has been applied on the fabric using 3 types of key substances. To the key substances in form of tunjung produce black color, lime produces a brown color, and alum produces a reddish-brown color.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI SEKAM PADI DENGAN HIDROLISIS BERKATALISATOR NaOH DAN Ca(OH)2 Mardina, Primata; -, Norhayani; Triutami, Dessy
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2794

Abstract

Rice husk is a major by-product of the rice milling industries. Rice husk  is one of the most common  lignocellulosic materials those can be converted to oxalic acid by alkaline hydrolysis. This research investigated the effect of  the alkaline catalysts at specified temperature and reaction time on the efficiency of  process and  yield of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid was produced by four processes; alkaline hydrolysis, precipitation, acidification, and crystalization. Washed and dryed rice husk was crushed  to obtain 0.25 mm diameterl particles. The main process was performed by dissolving and hydrolyzing 125 grams of rice husk in 500 mL of 3.5 N NaOH and Ca(OH)2. Rice husk, which hydrolyzed by NaOH, was  precipated with CaCl2 before acidification, whereas rice husk, which hydrolyzed by Ca(OH)2 directly acidified by sulphuric acid without precipitation process. Furthermore, water in acidified solution was evaporated to obtain crystal of oxalic acid. The result showed the alkaline catalyst Ca(OH)2 was more eficient than NaOH for hydrolysis. It omitted precipitation process. The highest yield of oxalic acid which produced by Ca(OH)2 catalyzed hydrolysis was 2.232%  at 60oC for 60 minutes.
TEORI DASAR SIMULASI PROSES PEMBAKARAN LIMBAH VINASSE DARI INDUSTRI ALKOHOL BERBASIS CFD Triwibowo, Bayu
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2795

Abstract

In the midst of restrictions issue on the use of fossil fuels, the world began to move towards the use of renewable fuels. One such fuel is bio-ethanol. Production of bio-ethanol itself leaves vinasse wastetreatment problems with large discharge. There have been many ways to treat vinasse one of which is the burning of concentrated vinasse. Combustion process is a complex process in terms physical and chemical. Complex phenomenon will be difficult to be analyzed simultaneously and comprehensively when using conventional techniques. Simulation of combustion process based on CFD can be one such solution. In the case of vinasse as fuel and air as oxydizer the selected combustion model is a non-premixed combustion models with probability density function.
METODE ESTIMASI PROPERTI KRITIS UAP-CAIR KOMPONEN MURNI ESTER Hartantoa, Dhoni; Rahayu, Ibnu Eka; Wibowo, Bayu Tri
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2796

Abstract

Biodiesel become eco-friendly renewable energy resources which is consisted of monoalkyl ester or long chain fatty acid from plants or animal. Biodiesel has more advantage than petrodiesel. Property of pure compound such as critical properties are the important thing to determine chemical mixtures behavior and also as base of equation of state. Joback method can show good results in estimating critical properties of monoalkyl ester.
PEWARNA ALAMI BATIK DARI TANAMAN NILA (Indigofera) DENGAN KATALIS ASAM Astuti Handayani, Prima; Amar Mualimin, A.
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i1.2909

Abstract

Indigo is a natural blue dye substance of batik extracted from the leaves of indigo plant, which is eco-friendly and non-carcinogenic. To be able to extract an indigo dye substance, the indican glycosides contained in the leaves of the plant is first hydrolyzed into Indigo indoxyl and glucose by using either the dilute mineral acids or enzymes. The indoxyl is then oxidized to indigo. In this experiment, the extraction of the blue dye substance of indigo plant was carried out by method of acidifying. The observations made on the variation of the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the aeration time, the acids, and the type of binding substances. The material used in the experiment included the 2 months old of Indigo leaves, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sugar, lime, alum and tunjung (Ferrous sulfate). The equipments used in the aeration were beaker glass and the air pump.The process was initiated by soaking the indigo leaves in acid with a specific concentration for 24 hours. The filtrate was then oxidized by flowing the air using the air pump for 12 hours. Then, the sample was applied by immersing the fabric in a solution of the binding substances consisted of Ferrous sulfate, alum, and lime. The experiment results show that higher concentration of indigo was obtained from the longer aeration time. By comparing different type of acids, the extraction using 0.01 M H2SO4 shows better than using HCl in the same concentration. The highest indigo concentration produced by the extraction using 0.01 M H2SO4 was 29.20 ppm, while the highest concentration produced from the extraction using 0.01 M HCl was 26.88 ppm. The use of different type of binding substances on the fabric, giving the appearance of different colors. The binding substance of Tunjung produces the dark blue color, lime produces greenish blue colour, and alum produces a blue color.
LAJU PELEPASAN DIAZINON DARI MIKROKAPSUL BERBASIS MELAMIN FORMALDEHID Suhartaya, Noviana Utami Ciptaningtyas; Mulyono, Panut; -, Rochmadi
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i1.2910

Abstract

The microcapsules containing diazinon as the core material and melamine formaldehyde as the membrane material have been synthesized by in situ polimerization method. The microcapsule membrane on this researches was modified in two types, the first, melamine formaldehyde (MF) and the second types, melamine formaldehyde added with sodium dodecyl sulphate and polyvinyl alcohol (MF-SDSPVA). This research aims to study the effect of pH and temperature on the release rate of diazinon in aqueous medium. The results showed that the pH and temperature has little effect on the release rate of diazinon from microcapsule based on melamine formaldehyde. This is due to the diffusion through the microcapsule membrane is not influenced by the pH and temperature of the solution outside of microcapsule.
ASPEK PERTIMBANGAN DALAM SIMULASI FERMENTASI FASE GAS BERBASIS CFD Triwibowo, Bayu
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i1.2911

Abstract

In the midst of restrictions issue on the use of fossil fuels, the world began to move towards the use of renewable fuels. One such fuel is hydrogen. Hydrogen itself could synthesized from fermentation method. Complex phenomenon will be difficult to be analyzed simultaneously and comprehensively when using conventional techniques. Optimation would be important since yield hydrogen from fermentation method was very small. Cause of few obstacles such as comprehensive phenomenon data not exsted mades this process very difficult to optimize. Simulation of hydrogen fermentation based on CFD would be one of the solution to retrieve phenomenon data comprehensively
PENGARUH JENIS AIR PERENDAM TERHADAP KANDUNGAN VITAMIN C, SERAT, DAN PROTEIN TEPUNG MANGGA (Mangifera Indica L.) Paramita, Octavianti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i1.2912

Abstract

Mango is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit known throughout the world because it tastes good and fresh. However the freshness of mangoes can not stand for too long so it is necessary to have a good post-harvest handling and management. Mango processing will increase the economic value of agricultural production. One of the method to maintain function and quality in the mango processing, mango can be processed into other form such as mango flour. In the processing of mango powder still can be found the low level of nutrients such as vitamin C, fiber and protein, which caused by the occuring of change in raw material during the drying process. To prevent such change, an arrangement of a soaking method should be made. This study aims to determine the effect of water on the process of making mango powder on the content of vitamin C, fiber and protein. From the research results, it can be concluded that the relatively good conditions for the process of making mango powders done by using cold water (0 oC) as a soaking water. Soaking water influenced the content of vitamin C, fiber and protein.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK MIKROALGA Chlorella vulgaris DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH Widyastuti, Catur Rini; Dewi, Ayu Candra
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v3i1.3099

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang dianggap mampu menjawab permasalahan kelangkaan bahan bakar minyak. Biodiesel dapat disintesis dari minyak nabati melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. Sumber minyak nabati yang potensial adalah mikroalga yang memiliki produktifitas minyak yang lebih tinggi per satuan luas lahan yang digunakan jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman darat. Mikroalga jenis Chlorella sp diketahui mengandung komponen lipid cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 14-22%. Langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi minyak mikroalga dengan n-heksana, reaksi transesterifikasi minyak mikroalga dan metanol dengan katalis KOH, dilanjutkan dengan filtrasi untuk memisahkan produk biodiesel dengan gliserol yang terbentuk. Untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dalam bahan baku dan produk, minyak hasil ekstraksi mikroalga dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Dari hasil uji GC-MS diketahui dua kandungan asam lemak terbesar dalam minyak mikroalga, yaitu Dodecanoic acid sebesar 59.52% dan n-Decanoic acid sebesar 12.64%. Dari proses transesterifikasi, yield biodiesel yang diperoleh sebesar 59.85% dengan densitas 0.88 g/cm3. Kandungan kimia biodiesel diketahui terdiri dari senyawa Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) sebesar 15.4% dan Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) sebesar 21.14%.Biodiesel is one of the alternative energy which expected to provide a solution towards our dependence of fossil fuel. Biodiesel could be synthesized from vegetable oil through transesterification process. One of the most potential sources of vegetable oil is microalgae which is more productive than a land-based plant. One of the species of microalgae which is Chlorella sp is known for containing high lipid content from 14 to 22%. The steps of the research including extraction of microalgae oil using n-hexane, transesterification reaction between microalgae and methanol using KOH as a catalyst, and continued by filtration to separate the biodiesel product with the glycerol. To determine the chemical compound of the raw material and the product, the oil of the extracted microalgae and the biodiesel were analyzed using GC-MS. The GC-MS test shows two biggest fatty acid compound are Dodecanoic acid which is 59.52% and n-Decanoic acid which is 12.64%. From the transesterification process, the obtained biodiesel yield is 59.85% with density of 0.88 g/cm3. The chemical compound of the biodiesel known as fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) which is 15.4% and Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) which is 21.14%.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN ZODIA (Evodia suaveolens) DENGAN METODE MASERASI DAN DISTILASI AIR Astuti Handayani, Prima; Nurcahyanti, Heti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v3i1.3095

Abstract

Daun zodia merupakan tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati. Daun zodia mengandung senyawa aktif limonene yang bersifat neurotoksin terhadap serangga. Pengambilan minyak atsiri daun zodia dilakuan dengan metode maserasi dan metode distilasi air. Pada metode maserasi bahan digunakan etanol dan dimaserasi selama 3x24 jam. Kemudian didistilasi untuk menguapkan pelarut etanol. Untuk metode distilasi air bahan didistilasi selama 3 jam, campuran minyak dan air dipisahkan dengan menambahkan pelarut n-heksana. Kemudian pelarut n-heksana dipisahkan dari minyak atsiri dengan cara direcovery menggunakan alat sokhlet. Minyak atsiri daun zodia yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa kimianya. Hasil percobaan diperoleh randemen minyak atsiri daun zodia dengan metode maserasi sebesar 1,0566% dengan kandungan senyawa limonene 2,6%, sedangkan metode distilasi diperoleh randemen sebesar 0,6471% dengan kandungan senyawa limonene 1,26 %.Zodia leaf is a plant which has a potential to be plant-based insecticide. Zodia leaf has limonene as its active component which is neurotoxin towards insect. The extraction of the essential oil of the zodiac leaf is conducted using maceration method and water distillation method. In the maceration process, the raw material was macerated using ethanol for 72 hours, after that it was distillated to evaporate the ethanol. In the water distillated method, the raw material was distillated for 3 hours, the mixture of water and oil are separated by adding n-hexane solvent. After that, the n-hexane solvent was separated from the essential oil using recovery method using soxhlet. The obtained essential oil of zodia leaf was analyzed using GC-MS to determine its chemical component. The result of the research provides the yield of essential oil of zodiac leaf using maceration method is 1.0566% with limonene component is 2.6%, whereas the distillation method resulted in 0.6471% yield with 1.26% limonene.

Page 2 of 41 | Total Record : 407

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