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Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
BULETIN PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT adalah publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Buletin ini memuat hasil penelitian terkait komoditas rempah dan obat yang belum diterbitkan pada media lain.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 544 Documents
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Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in The Root, Leaf, Stolon and Petiole of Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica) Dwi Ningsih Susilowati; Amelia Rakhmaniar; Nani Radiastuti; Ika Roostika
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n1.2019.47-58

Abstract

Endophytic fungi live in healthy tissues of many plants, including in medicinal plant such as Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica). These fungi exist in different parts of the plant as symbionts. The study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from various parts of Asiatic pennywort of Malaysia accession and characterize their nature.  Three individual plants of Asiatic pennywort (3 months-old) were obtained from the Sringanis Medicinal Garden in Bogor. The endophytes were isolated on Malt Extract Agar. The community structures of the endophytes were analyzed based on their diversity, colonization, dominance index, and relative frequency of occurrence of the isolated endophytic fungi. A total of 78 isolates have been obtained from three individual plants and clustered into 22 morphotypes consisted of 18 morphotypes of Ascomycota and 4 morphotypes of Basidiomycota divisions. The stolons harbored more endophytes (22.9 %) followed by leaf (16.7 %), root (11.8 %), and petiole (7.6 %). The diversity index was classified as medium category with the highest result (1.91) was found in the root, followed by leaf (1.79), stolon (1.75), and petiole (1.29). The most dominant endophytes were identified as Ceratobasidium sp., Colletotrichum sp, and Fusarium sp. Ceratobasidium sp. has the highest dominance index (0.02). UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the endophytic fungi into distinct clusters based on the plant parts origin. This study implied that stolon was the the most suitable part of Asiatic pennywort for isolating endophytic fungi. Further study is required to examine the role of the endophytic fungi to produce secondary metabolites in Asiatic pennywort.
The Variability of Crossbreed-cashew Accession Numbers at Two Years Age Based on Morphological Characters Wawan Haryudin; Otih Rostiana; Jajat Darajat
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 29, No 2 (2018): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v29n2.2018.79-92

Abstract

Cashew in cross-pollinated plants, one effort to improve the diversity gentik in germplasm of cashew nut was carried out by a cross between high-producing elders  and the elderly tolerant of helopeltis sp. The aimed of this study is to know the variability of 25 accession of cashew nut hybrid based on leaf morphology characters. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Station, from January to December 2016, using direct observation method  the qualitative and quantitative morphological characters of the cashew at the age of two years. Observations were done on eight plants per plot, each observed as many as 50 leaves per plant. The result showed that the morphology character of cashew nut varied. Character of leaf ovatus, obovatus, and oblong The trunk and rounded ends, pointed and blunt. Form the edge of the leaf, form the bottom and top surfaces smooth leaves. The color of the adult leaves was dark green, and young leaves were reddish brown and  yellowish  green.  The  diversity  18.35-100 %  and  the level the closeness of 0.10-0.38, divided into two groups. Group one separated by characters a leaf shape  oblongus,  leaf  base  form  of the rotundatus, leaf tip shape rotundatus and obtusus and young leaves color BGB N199 A, group two separated by the characters of the leaf shape obovate, leaf base form of the obtusus, leaf tip shape acuminatus and retusus and young leaves color GB 200 B. The lenght of the leaf characters, the width of the leaf, the leaf thickness and the length of the petiole vary with the degree of diversity 47.67-96.94 % and the proximity distance 0.19-6.19 which is divided into teo groups. One group was separated by the the highest leaf length character 17.6-20.6 cm, whereas the two group was separated by the smallest leaf length character 14.6-17.1 cm.
The Synergy Effect of Azadirachtin and Minor Components of Neem Seed Oil on Antifeedant Activity of Spodoptera litura Arief Heru Prianto; NFN Budiawan; Yoki Yulizar; Partomuan Simanjuntak
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n1.2019.27-34

Abstract

Azadirachtin in neem oil (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) might have potential synergism effect with a minor compound in the neem oil as an antifeedant. This study aimed to determine the content of minor components that have the most significant contribution to the effect of synergy with the main component (azadirachtin) in antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura. Neem oil was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The antifeedant activity of three neem oil fractions was evaluated using the 4th instar of S. litura larvae. The bioassay was conducted using the choice leaf disc test with 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 % (v/v) concentrations of each fraction. The concentration of the fractions showed equal azadirachtin content, hence the antifeedant activity represented the effect of the minor component in the fraction. The best activity was shown by water fraction (84-100 %). Probit analysis of the antifeedant activity of all fractions showed that water fraction has the best effective inhibitory (EI50) at 1.0 %.  The minor component in the water fraction was dominated by phenol compounds (48.5 %) which were suspected to synergize with the main component (azadirachtin) in increasing the antifeedant activity on S. litura. These results indicated the phenol compound in this fraction has the role in increasing azadirachtin antifeedant activity against S. litura.
The Potency Of Extract Tegining Ganang Leaf (Cassia Planisiqua Burm.f.) As Analgesic On Mice (Mus musculus L.) By Chemical And Hot Plate Induction Method Sister Sianturi; Amelia Febriani; Rahmi Syariifatul; Desy Satrana
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 29, No 2 (2018): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v29n2.2018.93-100

Abstract

Tegining ganang (Cassia planisiliqua) is an indigenous plant of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara which has potentials to treat various diseases. Previous research showed that the plant has analgesic activity, but the results were still less satisfactory due to the low analgesic effectiveness (<50 %). This study aimed to examine the analgesic potential of tegining ganang leaf extract through chemical induction and hot plate induction methods. In vivo testing was conducted on male mice using those two methods to evaluate plant effectiveness as both a central and peripheral analgesic. Tegining ganang leaves collected from the village of Peresak, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, were extracted in ethanol 70%. The treatments were extract dosages, viz. 200, 400, 800 mg.kg-1 body weight (BW) of mice. The positive control treatments for the chemical induction and hot plate induction methods were Acetosal and Tramadol, respectively. Meanwhile, the negative control treatment was Na CMC at 0.5%. The analgesic effectiveness of the extract in both chemical and hot plate induction methods was 50 %. The  optimum  effectiveness  for  chemical induction was at 800 mg.kg-1 body weight, whereas for hot plate induction was at 200 mg.kg-1 body weight. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of tegining ganang leaves was potential to be developed as an analgesic material.
Isolation and Characterization of Potential Isolates of Rhizosphere Bacteria to Contro Budok Disease in Patchouli Plant NFN Sukamto; Novi Listiana; Reni Indrayanti; Dono Wahyuno
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n1.2019.35-46

Abstract

Synchytrium pogostemonis, the causal agent of budok disease, is one of the major limiting factors in patchouli production in Indonesia. Patchouli farmers usually control budok disease with chemical fungicides. Chemical control pollutes environment and disrupts agricultural ecosystem. Therefore, an environmentally friendly pest control should be conducted to control the disease. The objective of the study was to isolate and evaluate some rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of patchouli and black pepper plants against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, F. solani, Sclerotium rolfsii. Potential rhizobacterial isolates were tested to control budok disease on a pot scale. The results showed that 26 rhizobacterial isolates from 100 tested were antagonistic to F. oxysporum, F. solani and S. rolfsii. Four rhizobacteria isolates (RL13-A, RL31-A, RL35-A, RL32-A) showed strong inhibition (>40 %) against the 3 pathogens. In polibag experiment, RL35-A, PS9, RL13-A, RL32-B, RL31-A isolates were able to suppress budok disease significantly by 84.01; 76.00; 65.99; 43.99; and 21.98 % respectively. These results indicated that RL35-A isolates have strong antagonistic effect compared to other isolates. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, RL35-A isolates possessed close relationship (99 %) with all species of Enterobacter sp. The antibiotic compound extracted from RL35-A culture broth using GC-MS analysis was identified as phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-(canola). These results suggested that Enterobacter sp. was potential to be developed as biological agent for controlling budok disease in patchouli plants.
The Effectiveness of Pyrethrum, Neem, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Against Brown Plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Agus Kardinan; Tri Eko Wahyono; Nurbetti Tarigan
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n1.2019.1-10

Abstract

Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is the main pest on rice cultivation.  Synthetic insecticides application had negative impact to the human health and environment. The research objective was aimed to examine the effectiveness of botanical (pyrethrum and neem) and bio-insecticides (Beauveria bassiana/Bb and Metarhizium anisopliae/Ma) against brown plant hopper. Research was conducted at Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor in 2017. Trial consisted of two activities: the effectiveness of botanical and bio-insecticides to brown plant hopper mortality and horizontal transmission of bio-insecticides on brown plant hoppers. Botanical pesticide tested was (1) pyrethrum I (5 ml.l-1 water ), (2) pyrethrum II (5 ml.l-1 water), (3) neem I (20 ml.l-1 water), (4) neem II (20 ml.l-1 water), (5) synthetic insecticide (2 ml.l-1 water) and (6) control.  Bio-insecticide treatments were (1) Bb (spraying, 2.5 ml/plant), (2) Bb (granule, 5 g/pot), (3) Ma (spraying, 2.5 ml/plant), (4) Ma (granule, 5 g/ pot) and (5) control.  Treatments of horizontal transmission was the ratio of infected : healthy brown plant hopper 1 : 10; 2 : 10; 3 : 10 and 4 : 10. Botanical insecticides were prospective to suppressing brown plant hopper population of 85-87 % (pyrethrum) and   60-70 % (neem).   B.  bassiana was able  to   suppress   brown   plant     hopper population (18.2%), better than   M. anisopliae (5.6 %). Biological insecticide application by contact (spraying) was better than applied in granules form.  Botanical insecticide application showed no horizontal transmission from infected to healthy insect. Botanical insecticide (pyrethrum and neem) was more prospective than bio-insecticide (B. bassiana and M. anisopliae) in controlling brown plant hopper. 
Effect of Citronella Nano Biopesticide Against Mosaic Virus and Its Vector on Patchouli Rita Noveriza; Maya Mariana; Tri Lestari Mardiningsih; Sri Yuliani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 2 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.59-68

Abstract

The mosaic disease declines production and oil quality of patchouli. Antiviral-based citronella oil has been formulated using a spontaneous emulsification technique (nanotechnology). The previous result of the greenhouse trial showed the formula at 1-1.5 % concentrations suppressed the development of virus of about 82.5 %. The field-scale tests is necessary to be performed to validate the effectiveness of citronella nano biopesticide (CNB) against the mosaic virus and its vector on patchouli. The study was conducted in patchouli plantation at two locations (Pandeglang, Banten and Manoko, West Java). The research was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 10 replications, each replication consisted of 50 plants. The treatments were formula of CNB at the concentration of (1) 0.5 %,   (2) 1 %, (3) 1.5 %, (4) 2 %, (5) insecticide (deltamethrin 0.2 %), and (6) control. The results showed that CNB formula at 1 % concentration with a monthly application effectively suppressed the development of mosaic disease in patchouli plants, and at 2 % concentration to control rolled-leaf aphid. The lowest intensity of mosaic disease (at 1 % concentration) was in Banten (23.12 %) and in West Java (18.35 %), while in control ranged from 26.31-44.94 % (Banten) and 19.60-23.12 % (West Java). Efficacy Index (EI) in Banten ranged from 12.12-48.55 % and in West Java was 6.38-20.63 %. The lowest intensity of aphid attack was showed by insecticide and CNB at 2 % concentration. The EI of CNB was 35.33 % (Banten) and 51.71 % (West Java) respectively.
Analisi Usaha Diversefikasi Peoduk Buah Semu Jambu Mente di Kabupaten Tuban Ludi Mauludi; Djajeng Sumangat
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 13, No 2 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v13n2.2002.49-54

Abstract

Effect of Rhizome Type to Viability, Growth, and Productivity of Three Turmeric Varieties Nur Laela Wahyuni Meilawati; NFN Melati; Devi Rusmin
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 29, No 2 (2018): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v29n2.2018.101-109

Abstract

Turmeric development to fulfil market demand as raw material for herbal industry requires qualified planting material in adequate quantities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varieties and seeds type of turmeric to the seeds efficiency, seeds viability, plant performance and rhizome yield. This experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), Bogor and Cicurug Research Installation, Sukabumi from November 2016 to July 2017. The study was arranged in split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was three varieties of turmeric: Curdonia, Turina 2 and Turina 3. The subplot was eight types of seeds-rhizome: (a) single finger rhizome, (b) finger rhizome with one branch, (c) finger rhizome with >1 branches, (d) mother rhizome split 2 horizontally, (e) mother rhizome split 2 vertically, (f) mother rhizome split 4 horizontally, (g) mother rhizome split 4 vertically and (h) whole mother rhizome. Parameters measured were seeds viability, growth and rhizomes yield. Seeds efficiency of Curdonia and Turina 2 can be achieved by using finger rhizome of about 0.49 t.ha-1 for both varieties,  rhizome yields of 6.63 t.ha-1 and 11.45 t.ha-1 respectively. Another alternative were the use of 0.47 t.ha-1 mother rhizome split 4 vertically, yielding 9.65 t.ha-1 and 14.20 t.ha-1 fresh rhizome for Curdonia and Turina 2 varieties, consecutively. However, for Turina 3 variety, the seeds efficiency was shown by using mother rhizome split 4 horizontally of 0.66 t.ha1 and yielding fresh rhizome  of 17.44 t.ha-1. 
The Relationship of Nutmeg Populations from Tidore, Ternate, and Bogor Based on Morphological Marker Tias Arlianti; Desta Wirnas; NFN Sobir; Otih Rostiana
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 30, No 2 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.69-80

Abstract

Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), is one of Indonesia's main spices commodities. Maluku Island, North Maluku, Siau, and Papua are the center of origins and center of nutmeg diversity; whereas, Bogor is the largest nutmeg cultivation area in West Java. The diversity and relationship between Bogor nutmeg with Maluku nutmeg have not been studied, even though it is crucial for local varieties selection and seeds provision. The study aimed to determine the diversity and relationship of nutmegs from Tidore, Ternate, and Bogor. The experiment was conducted in eight locations: Tidore (Gurabunga and Jaya), Ternate (Marikurubu), and Bogor (Cigombong, Ciawi, Leuwisadeng, Sukajadi, and Tamansari) from November 2017 - December 2018. Materials used were 46 nutmeg accessions of 8 – 30 year old plants with good growth and known of their origin. The experiments were performed using direct observation methods on habitus, leaf, fruit, seed, mace,  and flower followed IPGRI descriptor.  The results showed that qualitative diversity was observed in the fruit shape, shape of fruit-based and fruit-tip, fruit color, and tree shape. Mace thickness was the most substantial diversity for the quantitative character (50.38 %). The difference within intra-population in all aspects observed was low, except for the fruit character and mace weight. The genetic relatedness of the Bogor population was closer to Ternate (60 %) than Tidore (46 %). The genetic relationship amongst five Bogor populations found to be very close. Further, Leuwisadeng, Tamansari, and Sukajadi populations were found to have the highest genetic relationship and similarity (80 %).

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