Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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<![CDATA[Interdisciplinary approach for pathologic tooth migration in advanced periodontal disease patient ]]>
<![CDATA[Marie Louisa]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p109-113
<![CDATA[Background: Recent treatment trends have included an interdisciplinary approach to cases and have stressed the importance of orthodontic treatment in optimising the prognosis for patients with periodontal disease. Orthodontic intrusion is a reliable method to improve periodontal support as research has previously documented. Purpose: This case study demonstrates an interdisciplinary approach to treating a patient with moderately advanced periodontitis disease and pathologic tooth migration (PTM) of the upper left central incisor to enhance structure, function and aesthetics. Case: A 46-year-old systemically healthy male patient came with a chief complaint of a protruding and elongated tooth. Clinical examination showed a mobile, extruded incisor along with bleeding on probing and suppuration. Periodontal and radiographic examinations showed generalised horizontal bone loss combined with infrabony defects at the pathologically migrated upper left central incisor. Case Management: Periodontal inflammation was treated with a combination of nonsurgical and surgical therapy. Afterward, orthodontic treatment was done using a self-ligating system. The intrusion of a pathologically extruded tooth improved infrabony defects, creating a favourable bone level and probing depth. Conclusion: The combination of periodontal–orthodontic therapy achieves satisfactory outcomes if periodontal inflammation is controlled, physiologic forces are used, and oral hygiene is maintained throughout therapy.]]>
<![CDATA[Clinical appearance of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis in children and the importance of good communication, information and education to patients: A case report ]]>
<![CDATA[Afryla Femilian]]>;
<![CDATA[Winda Dwi Malinda Masuku]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas]]>;
<![CDATA[Diah Savitri Ernawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatma Yasmin Mahdani]]>;
<![CDATA[Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p105-108
<![CDATA[Background: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of the Candida species, in particular, Candida albicans. The incidence varies depending on age and certain predisposing factors. In the practice of dentistry, doctor-patient communication is an important component. Effective communication between doctor and patient is needed to convey information and educate patients so that treatment can be administered appropriately. Purpose: This case aimed to discuss the clinical appearance of acute pseudomembranous candidiasis (APC) in children and the importance of good communication, information and education of patients. Case: A five-year-old male patient came with his mother on November 6, 2020 complaining of white deposits on the mucosa of the upper and lower lips that had been present for a week. Case management: The diagnosis was defined as a typical APC lesion although the potassium hydroxide (KOH) test showed negative results. Characteristic lesions found in APC are often seen clearly in some cases and treatment can begin immediately. Patients receive the empirical therapy, Nystatin oral suspension 100.000 i.u, and the patient is instructed to maintain optimal oral hygiene care, maintain nutrient intake and book a follow-up consultation. Conclusion: Mistakes in patient preparation procedures in taking supporting examinations will result in false negative/positive results, so communication and education information regarding the preparation of supporting examinations for patients is important to note.]]>
<![CDATA[Effects of tooth preparation on the microleakage of fissure sealant ]]>
<![CDATA[Gesti Kartiko Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Kuswandari]]>;
<![CDATA[Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p67-70
<![CDATA[Background: Fissure sealing can be achieved by preparing and sealing the deep pits and fissures in the teeth with a sealant to prevent caries. Fissure sealing is performed using resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and failure is most often due to weak adhesion between the material and the tooth, resulting in microleakage. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of a preparation technique with bur and acid application on potential RMGIC fissure sealant microleakage. Methods: Twenty-four extracted maxillary premolars were divided into four treatment groups. Group 1 underwent enameloplasty with a round bur and application of 37% phosphoric acid; group 2 with a tapered bur and 37% phosphoric acid; group 3 with a round bur and 10% polyacrylic acid; and group 4 with a tapered bur and 10% polyacrylic acid. The application of 37% phosphoric acid was carried out for 15 seconds, while 10% polyacrylic acid was applied for 20 seconds, before RMGIC filling. The teeth were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours, then thermocycled 100 times at 5°C and 55°C for 20 seconds each. The teeth were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours at 37°C, then cut crosswise. The length of the microleakage was observed with a stereo microscope at 8 times magnification and measured using raster image application. Data was analysed with one-way ANOVA. Results: Significant differences were found between treatment groups (F=562.14; p<0.05). The deepest mean microleakage was in the round bur and 10% polyacrylic acid group (1657.87 ± 78.08) and the shallowest was in the round bur and 37% phosphoric acid group (500.70 ± 38.55). Conclusion: The preparation method, type of bur and acid solution have an effect on microleakage potential of RMGIC fissure sealing. Round bur preparation and 37% phosphoric acid resulted in shallow microleakage.]]>
<![CDATA[A mucoadhesive gingival patch with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate green tea (Camellia sinensis) as an alternative adjunct therapy for periodontal disease: A narrative review ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeka Ramadhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Riski Rahayu Putri Rahmasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Kinanti Nasywa Prajnasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Moh. Malik Alhakim]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Aljunaid]]>;
<![CDATA[Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani]]>;
<![CDATA[T. Tantiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rini Devijanti Ridwan]]>;
<![CDATA[Indeswati Diyatri]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p114-119
<![CDATA[Background: Periodontitis is a progressive destructive periodontal disease. The prevalence of periodontal disease in Indonesia reaches 74.1% and mostly occurs in the productive age group. Most of the periodontopathogenic bacteria are gram-negative bacteria and have endotoxin in the form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can penetrate the periodontal tissue and induce an inflammatory response. In inflammatory conditions, osteoclastic activity is higher than osteoblastic activity, which causes bone destruction. This results in an imbalance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-induced bone formation. The current preferred treatment for periodontitis is scaling root planning (SRP), but this therapy cannot repair the damaged periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis. Purpose: To describe the possibility of using a mucoadhesive gingival patch with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) green tea (Camellia sinensis) as alternative adjunct therapy for periodontal disease. Review: EGCG is the main component of green tea catechins, which have antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-osteogenic effects. However, the weaknesses so far regarding the use of EGCG as an alternative treatment is its low oral bioavailability and the concentration of EGCG absorbed by the body decreasing when accompanied by food. EGCG can be used with a mucoadhesive gingival patch to optimise bioavailability and absorption and increase local concentration and sustained release of EGCG. EGCG encourages bone development and braces mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation for osteoblast by enhancing the expression of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2). EGCG also has been proven to increase the expression of RUNX2 and ALP activity that induces osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralisation. Conclusion: A mucoadhesive gingival patch containing EGCG Green Tea (C. sinensis) may potentially induce osteoblastic activity as an adjunct therapy to repair the periodontal tissue damage due to periodontal disease.]]>
<![CDATA[The effect of lime (Citrus Aurantifola Swingle) peel extract in periodontal dressings on the number of fibroblasts in the gingival wound healing process ]]>
<![CDATA[Malianawati Fauzia]]>;
<![CDATA[Audia Putri Dewanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p81-87
<![CDATA[Background: Periodontal dressing commonly used in dentistry today does not contain compounds that can accelerate wound healing. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel contains flavonoids that play a role in increasing fibroblast cells so that they can accelerate the healing process. Periodontal dressings supplemented with lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract are expected to provide an alternative material that can accelerate wound healing in addition to closure. Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of adding lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract to periodontal dressings on the increase in the number of fibroblasts in the gingival healing process. Methods: The study was conducted in an experimental laboratory in vivo. The study used a post-randomised control group of 32 rabbits with lesions of the mandibular gingiva using a 2 mm diameter punch biopsy. The experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, namely the control group, which was treated with periodontal dressings without the addition of lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract, and the treatment group, which was treated with periodontal dressings with the addition of the extract. Histological observations of the tissues were performed with HE staining to count the number of fibroblasts. Results: Statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between the control group and the treatment group on day 3 and day 5 (ANOVA, p <0.05). Conclusion: Adding extra lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel to the periodontal dressing increases the number of fibroblast cells after gum injury.]]>
<![CDATA[Visualization of bubbles generation of electrical-driven EndoActivator tips during solutions activation in a root canal model and a modified extracted tooth: A pilot study ]]>
<![CDATA[Harry Huiz Peeters]]>;
<![CDATA[Elvira Theola Judith]]>;
<![CDATA[Ketut Suardita]]>;
<![CDATA[Latief Mooduto]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p71-75
<![CDATA[Background: EndoActivator, a sonically-driven canal irrigation system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), has been developed for activating root canal irrigants, and has recently been released onto the market. Purpose: To obtain an initial understanding of bubbles generation of electrical EndoActivator tips during activation of the irrigant in a transparent root canal model and a modified extracted tooth. Methods: A modified extracted tooth and a straight glass model were filled with a solution containing 17% EDTA or 3% NaOCl. A medium activator tip 22-mm polymer noncutting #25, 0.04 file driven by an electrical sonic hand-piece at 190 Hz (highest level) induced pressure waves that produced macro- and micro-bubbles. The physical mechanisms involved were visualized using a Miro 320S high-speed imaging system (Phantom, Wayne, NJ, USA) with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The imaging system acquired images at 25,000 frames per second with 320×x240 pixels per image, and attached a 60-mm f/2.8 macro lens (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Results: The end of the tip did not generate bubbles formation. Disruption of surface tension at the air–solution system in the glass canal model by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip generated bubbles in the solution. However, it did not occur at the system of solution–air interfaces in the glass canal and modified extracted tooth. Conclusion: The physical mechanism of the solution activated by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip in generting bubbles formation is because the surface tension at the air–solution system disruption. No bubbles formation occurred in the solution in the restricted space either in the solution-air system or modified extracted tooth. Better understanding of the physical mechanisms that relate specifically to the activation behaviour of EndoActivator tips in solutions is key to improving the cleaning mechanism that applies during root canal treatment.]]>
<![CDATA[Association of maternal folic acid supplementation and incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate ]]>
<![CDATA[Hendry Rusdy]]>;
<![CDATA[I. Isnandar]]>;
<![CDATA[Indra Basar Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizkiani Cahya Putri Sinaga]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p76-80
<![CDATA[Background: Cleft lip and palate as a frequent congenital defect is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Micronutrient folic acid as an environmental factor has shown a role as a cleft lip and palate protective factor in several previous studies. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of adequacy of folic acid supplementation and the association between folic acid supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy with the incidence of cleft lip and palate at Mitra Sejati Hospital, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: This study used analytical research with a case-control design and questionnaire. A Chi-square test was used to observe the association between the folic acid supplement intake during the first trimester with the incidence of cleft. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was deemed to be significant. Results: The study found that 47 mothers (51.09%) had insufficient, while 45 mothers (48.91%) had adequate folic acid supplementation. This study did not show a significant association between supplement use and all cleft incidence (p>0.05), but a significant result was found between inadequate supplementation (<400µ/day) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurrence (p=0.043; OR 2.4[1.022-5.625]). Conclusion: The present study showed that most pregnant women did not have sufficient folic acid supplement in the first trimester. Furthermore, inadequate maternal folic acid supplementation (<400µ/day) during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the tendency for cleft lip and cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) to occur significantly.]]>
<![CDATA[The relationship between maxillary and mandibular lengths of ethnic Bataks of chronological age 9–15 years ]]>
<![CDATA[Hilda Fitria Lubis]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurul Ulfa Simanjuntak]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p88-92
<![CDATA[Background: Maxillary and mandibular growth have an important role in determining diagnosis and treatment plans. Knowledge of the growth of the maxilla and mandible becomes very important in designing a proper treatment plan and knowing the mean maxillary and mandibular lengths from the ages of 9–15 means malocclusion can be treated at the appropriate age. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 9–15-year-old males and females and the length of the maxilla and mandible. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects consisted of 35 male and 45 females aged 9–15 years and 80 cephalometric radiograms were collected using a purposive sampling method from Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Oral and Dental Hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by tracing the lateral cephalogram, the maxillary length and mandible lengths being measured on the cephalogram based on the McNamara method through a computer program, CorelDRAW. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average maxillary length for 9–15-year-olds was 96.35 ± 7.56 mm. The mean mandibular length for 9–15-year-olds was 122.29 ± 10.43 mm. Based on assessment and result, using the Pearson correlation coefficient test between maxillary length and mandibular length and chronological age, a maxillary length of p=0.003 and mandibular length of p=0.00 were obtained. Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between chronological age and maxillary length and mandibular length in 9–15-year-olds of Batak ethnicity.]]>
<![CDATA[The antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide–iodophors and calcium hydroxide–barium sulfate root canal dressings on Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro ]]>
<![CDATA[Eric Priyo Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Devi Eka Juniarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Galih Sampoerno]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Ananta Tantri Budi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dyanita Hasri]]>;
<![CDATA[Evelyn Tjendronegoro]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p62-66
<![CDATA[Background: A successful endodontic treatment is inseparable from the right choice of root canal dressing. The right choice of medicaments would result in patient satisfaction. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) are usually found in failed root canal treatments. Calcium hydroxide is a gold standard dressing that creates an alkaline environment in the root canal and has a bactericidal effect. Commercially, there are calcium hydroxide dressings with supporting additions, including calcium hydroxide–iodophors (CH–iodophors) and Calcium hydroxide–barium sulfate (CH–barium sulfate). Purpose: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy between CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate root canal dressings on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis. Methods: CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate were obtained commercially. E. faecalis and P. gingivalis were obtained from stock culture taken from the root canal of failed endodontic treatment. E. faecalis and P. gingivalis were cultured in Petri dishes, and for each bacterium, 12 wells were made in the media. Six wells were used for the CH–iodophors group, and six wells were used for the CH–barium sulfate group. CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate were deployed in the wells in E. faecalis and P. gingivalis cultured media in the Petri dishes. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured. An independent t-test was used for analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: There is a significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of CH–iodophors and that of CH–barium sulfate on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis (p = 0.00001). Conclusion: CH–iodophors have a higher antibacterial efficacy than CH–barium sulfate on both E. faecalis and P. gingivalis. ]]>
<![CDATA[The correlation between the knowledge level related to practice protocols and dentists’ anxiety levels in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic ]]>
<![CDATA[Merlya Balbeid]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuanita Lely Rachmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Marchella Anestya Wibowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p99-104
<![CDATA[Background: The global epidemic of COVID-19 has reached an emergency status in the health system, including dentistry. The dentist profession is inseparable from the possibility of direct or indirect contact with microorganisms in the patient’s blood or saliva. National and international dental associations, such as Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia and the American Dental Association, have published practice protocols that must be applied by dentists who choose to continue practicing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dentists’ knowledge of practice protocols in the current situation is very important, as it enables dentists to take infection control measures against virus transmission in the dental practice environment. Strong knowledge can have a positive impact on the psychological state of dentists, such as by reducing the anxiety level of dentists when treating patients during the pandemic. Purpose: To determine the correlation between the level of knowledge of dentists regarding practice protocols and the level of anxiety that they face regarding practicing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: The research design is a correlation analysis, namely research with a cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling, with a total sample of 170 respondents. Data were collected through Google form and univariate analysis was carried out then bivariate analysis with Kendall’s Tau correlation test. Results: This study found that as many as 166 respondents (97.6%) had a good level of knowledge and as many as 87 respondents (51.2%) had a minimum level of anxiety. The results of the analysis were obtained and found to be 0.031, which means p <0.05 so that it shows a relationship between the two variables. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the level of knowledge and the level of anxiety of dentists in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.]]>
