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Journal : JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO

Analisa Kinerja Automatic Voltage Regulator Dalam Domain Waktu Menggunakan Metoda Ziegler-Nichols Dengan Pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time Laksono, Heru Dibyo; Riska, N.; Novizon, Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (429.564 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v8n3.669.2019

Abstract

Electric power systems produce power that can be used for various purposes. The distribution of electrical power and its relationship to the voltage and current generated by the generator. Voltage can change with changes in load. The change of voltage is undesirable due to it can cause disturbances to the power system. A device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is used to maintain the voltage stable. This AVR is equipped with a control system to get the voltage stability following the specified criteria. In this study, the Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) method is used with the First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) approach. FOPDT is used for AVR control based on frequency response and transfer function methods. AVR used is direct current type AVR. The design that fulfils the criteria for controlling the voltage transfer response of direct current type AVR systems is the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller. This PID is designed using the Ziegler-Nichols method with the FOPDT approach based on the transfer function method. Information on the simulation results of the direct current type of system switching AVR response is obtained where the steady-state error value is 0.0000, the rise time value is 0.6114 seconds, the peak time value is 1.4391 seconds, the peak value is 1.1492 seconds, the maximum throughput is 14.942% and time to state steady reaches value at 2.5562 seconds. The values of parameter control are k of 13.2000, L of 0.4283, T of 1.0817, Proportional constant (Kp) of 0.2296, integral time constant (Ti) of 0.8564 and differential time constant (Td) of 4.6667.Keywords : Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Transient analysis AbstrakSistem tenaga listrik menghasilkan daya yang dapat di gunakan untuk berbagai keperluan. Penyaluran daya listrik ini erta hubungan nya dengan tegangan dan arus yang di hasilkan oleh pembangkit. Tegangan dapat berubah-ubah dengan berubahnya beban. Perubahan tegangan ini tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem tenaga. Untuk menjaga agar tegangan tetap stabil digunakan Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR ini dilengkapi dengan sistim pengendalian untuk mendapatkan kestabilan tegangan sesuai dengan kriteria yang di tetapkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metoda Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan tanggapan frekuensi dan metoda fungsi alih sebagai metoda pengendali AVR dan AVR yang digunakan adalah AVR tipe arus searah.Pengendali yang memenuhi kriteria rancangan untuk pengendalian tanggapan peralihan tegangan sistem AVR tipe arus searah adalah pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID). Pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID) ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metoda Ziegler-Nichols dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan metoda fungsi alih. Informasi hasil simulasi tanggapan peralihan sistem AVR tipe arus searah yang diperoleh dimana nilai kesalahan keadaan mantap sebesar 0.0000, nilai waktu naik sebesar 0.6114 detik, nilai waktu puncak sebesar 1.4391 detik, nilai puncak sebesar 1.1492 detik, nilai lewatan maksimum sebesar 14.942 % dan nilai waktu keadaan mantap sebesar 2.5562 detik. Untuk nilai parameter  pengendali yang digunakan adalah k sebesar 13.2000, L sebesar 0.4283, T sebesar 1.0817, konstanta Proporsional (Kp) sebesar 0.2296, konstanta waktu integral (Ti)  sebesar 0.8564 dan konstanta waktu diferensial (Td) sebesar 4.6667.Kata Kunci :Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Analis peralihan
Pengaruh Partikel Nanosilika Terhadap Sifat Tolak Air Bahan Isolasi Bionanokomposit Aulia, Aulia; Alfajri, Roan; Waldi, Eka Putra; Novizon, Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 9, No 2: July 2020
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v9n2.716.2020

Abstract

The nature of hydropobicity plays an important role of an insulator, especially the outdoor insolator which is always exposed to hot, cold, humid weather and rain water. In the long run, the surface of the insulator can be damaged and its hydropobicity properties will be reduced or even lost so that surface discharge events will be easier to occur, especially in the rainy season. As a new material being developed, bionanocomposite insulation materials from LDPE, natural rubber and nanosilica fillers have passed several dielectric properties such as partial discharge characteristics under normal conditions and at higher temperature conditions. To complete the assessment of dielectric properties, a new bionanocomposite material hydropobicity was tested. There were 4 types of samples tested with the weight of the nanosilica material 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6% of the total weight of the biocomposite sample. The test was carried out using a high-resolution camera to take pictures of the surface of the insulator sample that was dripped with water. The results show that nanosilica can increase the angle of contact of water with the bionanocomposite surface. This increase indicates an increase in the hydropobicity of bionanocomposite materialKeywords : LDPE, Karet Alam, Natural Rubber, nanosilica, hydrophobisity AbstrakSifat hidropobisitas memainkan peran penting dari sebuah isolator, terutama isolator pasang luar yang selalu terpapar oleh perubahan cuaca panas, dingin, lembab dan air hujan. Dalam jangka panjang, permukaan isolator bisa rusak dan sifat hidropobisitasnya akan berkurang bahkan hilang sehingga peristiwa peluahan permukaan akan lebih mudah terjadi, terutama pada musim hujan. Sebagai material baru yang sedang dikembangkan, bahan isolasi bionanokomposit dari polietilena berkerapatan rendah (LDPE), karet alam (NR) dan pengisi nanosilika telah melewati beberapa pengujian sifat dielektrik seperti karakteristik peluahan sebagian pada kondisi normal dan pada kondisi suhu yang lebih tinggi. Untuk melengkapi pengkajian sifat dielektrik, maka dilakukan pengujian sifat hidropobisitas bahan bionanokomposit yang baru tersebut. Sampel yang diuji ada 4 jenis dengan kada berat bahan nanosilika 1,5%, 3,0%, 4,5% dan 6% dari berat total sampel biokomposit. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera beresolusi tinggi untuk mengambil gambar permukaan sampel isolator yang ditetesi air. Hasil menunjukan bahwa nanosilika dapat memperbesar sudut kontak air dengan permukaan bionanokomposit. Peningkatan ini mengindikasikan meningkatnya sifat hidropobisitas material bionanokomposit.Kata Kunci : Biokomposit, Hidropobisitas, Karet Alam, LDPE
Peningkatan Faktor Penuaan Arester Tanpa Sela Isolasi Polymer Akibat Kontaminan Kalsium Karbonat Novizon, Novizon; Nofriadi, Nofriadi; Yustasia, Dano
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 9, No 2: July 2020
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (343.233 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v9n2.733.2020

Abstract

Gapless arester leakage current can be used as an indicator to determine the aging level of the arester. Leakage current is influenced by contaminants present in the arester insulation. This paper analyzes the effect of contamination on arester leakage currents as an indicator of arester aging. Contaminants used are calcium carbonate plus kaolin dissolved into water, to determine the level of calcium carbonate contaminants, the ESDD (Equivalent Salt Deposit Density) method is used. Contaminated aresters are measured as leakage currents flowing to the block elements and to the arester insulation. Based on experiments that have been carried out, the increase in leakage current of the arester on the block element that increases the leakage current to the level of light, medium and heavy contamination rises by an average of 17.5% for the voltage of all test voltages. While at low and moderate contamination the leakage current that occurs in the polymer arester insulation does not significantly change, the leakage current generated is linear with the level of contaminants in the arester body. It can clearly be concluded that the effect of contamination is very significant in changes in leakage currents.Keywords : Gapless arester, Leakage current, Kontamination, Aging, AbstrakArus bocor arester tanpa sela dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk menentukan tingkat penuaan arester. Arus bocor dipengaruhi oleh kontaminan yang ada pada isolasi arester. Paper ini menganalisa pengaruh kontaminasi terhadap arus bocor arester sebagi indikator penuaan arester. Kontaminan yang digunakan adalah kalsium karbonat di tambah kaolin yang di larutkan kedalam air, untuk menentukan tingkat kontaminan kalsium karbonat maka digunakan metode ESDD (Equivalent Salt Deposit Density). Arester yang sudah berkontaminasi diukur arus bocor yang mengalir pada elemen blok dan pada isolasi arester. Berdasarkan percobaan yang telah dilakukan, kenaikan arus bocor arester pada elemen blok bahwa kenaikan arus bocor untuk tingkat kontaminasi ringan,sedang dan berat naik rata-rata 17.5 % untuk semua tegangan uji. Sementara pada kontaminasi rendah dan sedang arus bocor yang terjadi pada isolasi polimer arester tidak. singnifikan perubahannya,Arus bocor yang dihasilkan linier dengan tingkat kontaminan pada badan arester. Secara jelas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh kontaminasi sangat signifikan dalam perubahan arus bocor.Kata Kunci : Arester tanpa sela, Arus bocor, Kontaminasi, Penuaan,
Prediction of ZnO Surge Arrester Degradation Based on Temperature and Leakage Current Properties Novizon, Novizon; Abdul-Malek, Zulkarnain; Aulia, Aulia; Waldi, Eka Putra; Rajab, Abdul; Darwison, Darwison
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 7, No 2: July 2018
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.089 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v7n2.501.2018

Abstract

Temperature and leakage current on the ZnO arrester are interrelated with each other. In low conduction region, voltage-current characteristics of ZnO surge arrester are highly dependent on temperature. The leakage current will increase as the temperature increases and experience thermal runaway when the temperature exceeds the acceptable limit. This phenomenon is associated with the increase of resistive leakage current due to degradation. Therefore the temperature and leakage current are good indicator to evaluate the condition of ZnO arrester. This paper proposed the degradation  prediction of ZnO surge arrester by analyzed the temperature and leakage current. The 132 kV station type ZnO surge arrester was employed. Temperature profile of ZnO arrester was obtained using thermal camera. The leakage current was measured simultaneous with the temperature measurement to attain the leakage current at the actual temperature. The results shows the leakage current continue increasing by increasing the temperature. Keywords : Resistive leakage current, temperature, degradation, prediction, zinc oxide surge arrester
Prediction of ZnO Surge Arrester Degradation Based on Temperature and Leakage Current Properties Novizon Novizon; Zulkarnain Abdul-Malek; Aulia Aulia; Eka Putra Waldi; Abdul Rajab; Darwison Darwison
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 7, No 2: July 2018
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.089 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v7n2.501.2018

Abstract

Temperature and leakage current on the ZnO arrester are interrelated with each other. In low conduction region, voltage-current characteristics of ZnO surge arrester are highly dependent on temperature. The leakage current will increase as the temperature increases and experience thermal runaway when the temperature exceeds the acceptable limit. This phenomenon is associated with the increase of resistive leakage current due to degradation. Therefore the temperature and leakage current are good indicator to evaluate the condition of ZnO arrester. This paper proposed the degradation  prediction of ZnO surge arrester by analyzed the temperature and leakage current. The 132 kV station type ZnO surge arrester was employed. Temperature profile of ZnO arrester was obtained using thermal camera. The leakage current was measured simultaneous with the temperature measurement to attain the leakage current at the actual temperature. The results shows the leakage current continue increasing by increasing the temperature. Keywords : Resistive leakage current, temperature, degradation, prediction, zinc oxide surge arrester
Analisa Kinerja Automatic Voltage Regulator Dalam Domain Waktu Menggunakan Metoda Ziegler-Nichols Dengan Pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time Heru Dibyo Laksono; N. Riska; Novizon Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 8, No 3: November 2019
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (429.564 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v8n3.669.2019

Abstract

Electric power systems produce power that can be used for various purposes. The distribution of electrical power and its relationship to the voltage and current generated by the generator. Voltage can change with changes in load. The change of voltage is undesirable due to it can cause disturbances to the power system. A device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is used to maintain the voltage stable. This AVR is equipped with a control system to get the voltage stability following the specified criteria. In this study, the Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) method is used with the First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) approach. FOPDT is used for AVR control based on frequency response and transfer function methods. AVR used is direct current type AVR. The design that fulfils the criteria for controlling the voltage transfer response of direct current type AVR systems is the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller. This PID is designed using the Ziegler-Nichols method with the FOPDT approach based on the transfer function method. Information on the simulation results of the direct current type of system switching AVR response is obtained where the steady-state error value is 0.0000, the rise time value is 0.6114 seconds, the peak time value is 1.4391 seconds, the peak value is 1.1492 seconds, the maximum throughput is 14.942% and time to state steady reaches value at 2.5562 seconds. The values of parameter control are k of 13.2000, L of 0.4283, T of 1.0817, Proportional constant (Kp) of 0.2296, integral time constant (Ti) of 0.8564 and differential time constant (Td) of 4.6667.Keywords : Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Transient analysis AbstrakSistem tenaga listrik menghasilkan daya yang dapat di gunakan untuk berbagai keperluan. Penyaluran daya listrik ini erta hubungan nya dengan tegangan dan arus yang di hasilkan oleh pembangkit. Tegangan dapat berubah-ubah dengan berubahnya beban. Perubahan tegangan ini tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem tenaga. Untuk menjaga agar tegangan tetap stabil digunakan Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR ini dilengkapi dengan sistim pengendalian untuk mendapatkan kestabilan tegangan sesuai dengan kriteria yang di tetapkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metoda Ziegler -Nichols (Z-N) dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan tanggapan frekuensi dan metoda fungsi alih sebagai metoda pengendali AVR dan AVR yang digunakan adalah AVR tipe arus searah.Pengendali yang memenuhi kriteria rancangan untuk pengendalian tanggapan peralihan tegangan sistem AVR tipe arus searah adalah pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID). Pengendali Proporsional Integral Diferensial (PID) ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metoda Ziegler-Nichols dengan pendekatan First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) berdasarkan metoda fungsi alih. Informasi hasil simulasi tanggapan peralihan sistem AVR tipe arus searah yang diperoleh dimana nilai kesalahan keadaan mantap sebesar 0.0000, nilai waktu naik sebesar 0.6114 detik, nilai waktu puncak sebesar 1.4391 detik, nilai puncak sebesar 1.1492 detik, nilai lewatan maksimum sebesar 14.942 % dan nilai waktu keadaan mantap sebesar 2.5562 detik. Untuk nilai parameter  pengendali yang digunakan adalah k sebesar 13.2000, L sebesar 0.4283, T sebesar 1.0817, konstanta Proporsional (Kp) sebesar 0.2296, konstanta waktu integral (Ti)  sebesar 0.8564 dan konstanta waktu diferensial (Td) sebesar 4.6667.Kata Kunci :Ziegler-Nichols, Fisrt order plus dead time, Automatic voltage regulator, Analis peralihan
Pengaruh Partikel Nanosilika Terhadap Sifat Tolak Air Bahan Isolasi Bionanokomposit Aulia Aulia; Roan Alfajri; Eka Putra Waldi; Novizon Novizon
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 9, No 2: July 2020
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (271.451 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v9n2.716.2020

Abstract

The nature of hydropobicity plays an important role of an insulator, especially the outdoor insolator which is always exposed to hot, cold, humid weather and rain water. In the long run, the surface of the insulator can be damaged and its hydropobicity properties will be reduced or even lost so that surface discharge events will be easier to occur, especially in the rainy season. As a new material being developed, bionanocomposite insulation materials from LDPE, natural rubber and nanosilica fillers have passed several dielectric properties such as partial discharge characteristics under normal conditions and at higher temperature conditions. To complete the assessment of dielectric properties, a new bionanocomposite material hydropobicity was tested. There were 4 types of samples tested with the weight of the nanosilica material 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6% of the total weight of the biocomposite sample. The test was carried out using a high-resolution camera to take pictures of the surface of the insulator sample that was dripped with water. The results show that nanosilica can increase the angle of contact of water with the bionanocomposite surface. This increase indicates an increase in the hydropobicity of bionanocomposite materialKeywords : LDPE, Karet Alam, Natural Rubber, nanosilica, hydrophobisity AbstrakSifat hidropobisitas memainkan peran penting dari sebuah isolator, terutama isolator pasang luar yang selalu terpapar oleh perubahan cuaca panas, dingin, lembab dan air hujan. Dalam jangka panjang, permukaan isolator bisa rusak dan sifat hidropobisitasnya akan berkurang bahkan hilang sehingga peristiwa peluahan permukaan akan lebih mudah terjadi, terutama pada musim hujan. Sebagai material baru yang sedang dikembangkan, bahan isolasi bionanokomposit dari polietilena berkerapatan rendah (LDPE), karet alam (NR) dan pengisi nanosilika telah melewati beberapa pengujian sifat dielektrik seperti karakteristik peluahan sebagian pada kondisi normal dan pada kondisi suhu yang lebih tinggi. Untuk melengkapi pengkajian sifat dielektrik, maka dilakukan pengujian sifat hidropobisitas bahan bionanokomposit yang baru tersebut. Sampel yang diuji ada 4 jenis dengan kada berat bahan nanosilika 1,5%, 3,0%, 4,5% dan 6% dari berat total sampel biokomposit. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera beresolusi tinggi untuk mengambil gambar permukaan sampel isolator yang ditetesi air. Hasil menunjukan bahwa nanosilika dapat memperbesar sudut kontak air dengan permukaan bionanokomposit. Peningkatan ini mengindikasikan meningkatnya sifat hidropobisitas material bionanokomposit.Kata Kunci : Biokomposit, Hidropobisitas, Karet Alam, LDPE
Peningkatan Faktor Penuaan Arester Tanpa Sela Isolasi Polymer Akibat Kontaminan Kalsium Karbonat Novizon Novizon; Nofriadi Nofriadi; Dano Yustasia
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 9, No 2: July 2020
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (343.233 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v9n2.733.2020

Abstract

Gapless arester leakage current can be used as an indicator to determine the aging level of the arester. Leakage current is influenced by contaminants present in the arester insulation. This paper analyzes the effect of contamination on arester leakage currents as an indicator of arester aging. Contaminants used are calcium carbonate plus kaolin dissolved into water, to determine the level of calcium carbonate contaminants, the ESDD (Equivalent Salt Deposit Density) method is used. Contaminated aresters are measured as leakage currents flowing to the block elements and to the arester insulation. Based on experiments that have been carried out, the increase in leakage current of the arester on the block element that increases the leakage current to the level of light, medium and heavy contamination rises by an average of 17.5% for the voltage of all test voltages. While at low and moderate contamination the leakage current that occurs in the polymer arester insulation does not significantly change, the leakage current generated is linear with the level of contaminants in the arester body. It can clearly be concluded that the effect of contamination is very significant in changes in leakage currents.Keywords : Gapless arester, Leakage current, Kontamination, Aging, AbstrakArus bocor arester tanpa sela dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk menentukan tingkat penuaan arester. Arus bocor dipengaruhi oleh kontaminan yang ada pada isolasi arester. Paper ini menganalisa pengaruh kontaminasi terhadap arus bocor arester sebagi indikator penuaan arester. Kontaminan yang digunakan adalah kalsium karbonat di tambah kaolin yang di larutkan kedalam air, untuk menentukan tingkat kontaminan kalsium karbonat maka digunakan metode ESDD (Equivalent Salt Deposit Density). Arester yang sudah berkontaminasi diukur arus bocor yang mengalir pada elemen blok dan pada isolasi arester. Berdasarkan percobaan yang telah dilakukan, kenaikan arus bocor arester pada elemen blok bahwa kenaikan arus bocor untuk tingkat kontaminasi ringan,sedang dan berat naik rata-rata 17.5 % untuk semua tegangan uji. Sementara pada kontaminasi rendah dan sedang arus bocor yang terjadi pada isolasi polimer arester tidak. singnifikan perubahannya,Arus bocor yang dihasilkan linier dengan tingkat kontaminan pada badan arester. Secara jelas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh kontaminasi sangat signifikan dalam perubahan arus bocor.Kata Kunci : Arester tanpa sela, Arus bocor, Kontaminasi, Penuaan,
External Leakage Current Separation to Determine Arrester Condition Due to Contamination Novizon Novizon; Mondrizal Mondrizal; Darwison Darwison; Aulia Aulia; Tesya Uldira Septiyeni
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 12, No 2: July 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v12n2.1026.2023

Abstract

Leakage current measurements can be used to determine the aging condition of the ZnO arrester. The leakage current that occurs in the arrester is divided into two, namely external and internal leakage currents. The external leakage current is affected by contamination and the internal leakage current is affected by the aging of the varistor in the arrester. The external and internal leakage currents are measured separately to determine their contribution to the arrester condition. In this study, the effect of salt contamination on the arrester was studied further. The level of contamination used consisted of low, medium and heavy. The obtained leakage current is analyzed using wavelet energy. The results of this study indicate that the wavelet energy of each leakage current is different and can be used as an indicator in further analysis. The conclusion obtained is that the external leakage current is affected by contamination and has a different energy with the internal leakage current due to aging of the varistor arrester components.