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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Detection from the Hands of Jatinangor Community Health Center’s Health Care Providers Jeevanisha Patmanathan; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Ricky Adriansjah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that is resistance towards β-lactam antibiotics, and it seems to be one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Hands of the health care workers are said to be the main source for the nosocomial transmission. Thus, the study aims to determine methicillin-resistant S. aureus from the hands of Jatinangor Community Health Center’s health care workers.Methods: Samples were taken from the hands of 30 Jatinangor Community Health Center’s staffs, including medical and paramedical; from October 2012 to November 2012. Then, these samples underwent further laboratory examinations, starting from culture, identification and susceptibility test towards cefoxitin, in identifying methicillin-resistant S. aureus.Results: Out of the 30 samples taken, 6 samples (20%) were positive for S. aureus isolates. In which, 4 (13.33%) of the samples were positive for methicillin-resistant S. aureus.Conclusions: Since, health care workers are the main people in contact with patients and maintaining proper hand hygiene makes a huge difference; hand hygiene should be given adequate attention for the benefit of all. [AMJ.2015;2(1):217–20]

Effect of Sappan Wood Ethanol Extracts (Caesalpinia sappan. L) to the Sperm Motility, Viability, and Concentration of Male Wistar Rats Nadiyah Nadiyah; Andri Rezano; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Background: Idiopathic male infertility becomes an issue because of the limited management options and increasing number of infertile couples. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan. L) is an herbal plant predicted to have fertility and spermatogenesis enhancing effects through antioxidant properties. This study aimed to observe the effects of sappan wood ethanol extract in improving sperm quality of male wistar rat based on sperm motility, viability, and concentration. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study by using sappan wood ethanol extracts as material and male wistar rat as the experimental animal. Twenty-four adult male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups including rats which were treated with aquades, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/day/orally of ethanol extract of sappan wood, respectively, during 35 days. After this period, the animals were sacrificed. Then the epididymis were taken for samples to calculate sperm motility percentage, sperm viability percentage and sperm concentration. Comparison between control group and the treated group was analyzed by one-way Annova.Results: There were significant differences between the control group and the group with 120 mg/kg of sappan wood ethanol extracts in the percentage of motility (36.39% and 51.75%; p-value 0.001), viability percentage (55.36% and 66.63%, p-value 0.031), and sperm concentration (54.47 million/ml and 47.79 million/ml; p-value 0.001).Conclusions: The ethanol extract of sappan wood with a dose of 120 mg/kg for 35 days is able to improve sperm motility percentage, sperm viability percentage, and sperm concentration of male wistar rat. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1078

Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis Nadya Iswandari; Aris Primadi; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Background: Appropriate treatment on neonatal bacterial sepsis is important based on the exact etiology to prevent bacterial resistance, but bacterial identification using blood cultures requires a considerable time. The newest data of various bacteria and their sensitivity can be used to assist empirical antibiotics usage. This study was conducted to identify bacterial profile that caused neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity to antibiotics at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung..Methods: A total of 275 neonatal sepsis cases and 288 blood cultures results were collected from a database provided by Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during the period of July 2011 toDecember 2012 (three semesters). Etiology of the bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity profile data were taken from positive bacteria results. Then, these variables were processed using the descriptive method and classified by semesterResult: The most common bacteria that caused neonatal sepsis in the second semester 2011 is Serratia marescens, the first semester 2012 was Enterobacter aerogenes and in the second semester 2012 was Burkholderia cepacia. The most sensitive antibiotics were piperacillin tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem and amikacin in all three semesters, gentamycin in the second semester 2011 and 2012, and amoxicillin clavulanic in the second semester 2012.Conclusions: Bacterial and antimicrobial sensitivity profile is varied in every semester.Keywords: Antimicrobial sensitivity profile, bacterial profile, neonatal sepsisDOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1072

Enteropathogenic Bacteria from Padang Food in Jatinangor September–October 2012 Syed Anwar Husain; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Abdullah Firmansyah W.
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Diarrhea is a food borne disease and still a major health problem in Indonesia. Padang foodis a popular cuisine and is exposed on an opened display, sometimes for many hours in room temperature,catering favorable conditions for bacterial growth. This study is undertaken to identify enteropathogenicbacteria on food in Padang restaurants located in Jatinangor, SumedangMethods: A laboratory study was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of the Department ofMicrobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, during September–October 2012. Sampleswere collected from 5 Padang restaurants located in Jatinangor using systematic random sampling. Fromeach restaurant, 4 wet samples were collected approximately 2–4 hours after being left open on the display shelves from sambal hijau, sambal merah, gulai babat and gulai nangka, cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC, then inoculated in Mac Conkey agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC. Gram-staining was performed to identify gram-negative rods. The bacteria were put through biochemical tests.Results: Four species bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were identified. The most frequent bacteria which was identified in the samples was Shigella sp (4 from 20), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia(3 from 20), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp were less identified.Conclusions: Various Padang foods have potential risks of bacterial contamination due to the preparation,handling, and serving. It should be considered that the prepared food should be covered and placed in foodwarmers, ensuring warm food for hours. [AMJ.2015;2(1):241–44]

Enteric Pathogen Bacteria in Non-Broiler Chicken Egg Shells from Traditional Market and Supermarket, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java Kavita Arumugam; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Gaga Irawan Nugraha
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Around 1.5 million of children dying annually due to diarrhea. Contaminated food is one of the sources of the diarrhea incidence (food borne diseases). Eggs are one of the least expensive forms of protein which is affordable by the community and is easily to find in either traditional or modern market/supermarkets.The objective of this study was to identify enteropathogenic bacteria contamination on non-broiler (ayam kampung) egg shell and to compare the findings between eggs sold in traditional and modern markets.Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 40 eggs were used, 20 from two traditional markets and 20 from two modern markets. The eggs were swabbed using saline, dipped in tryptic soy broth and streaked on Mac Conkey agar. The collected data were analyzed and presented in tables.Results: Out of 40 samples, there were 19 positive cultures found from the traditional market and 16 from the modern market. There were 30 pink colonies indicating that they were lactose fermented, 5 transparent colonies indicated non-lactose fermentation, 4 showed no colony growth, and 1 grew an unidentified colony. The most found bacteria were Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. in both market. Conclusions: Eggs shells from traditional and modern markets are contaminated with Enteropathogenic microbes. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.487

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi from Air Conditioners in Tutorial Rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Gowre Govindasamy; Usep Abdullah Husin; Yoni Fuadah Syukriani; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Yanti Mulyana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Awareness about health problems caused by air conditioner is very important. Thus, it is crucial to have knowledge about proper maintenance of air conditioner. At the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, air conditioners are used in every tutorial rooms. This study was performed to provide adequate information on the fungi, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Mucor, found in air conditioners.Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was used to identify the presence and the type of pathogenic fungi from air conditioners in tutorial rooms. Thirty-four samples were collected from the air outlet grille of the air conditioners and cultured on Sabouraud agar at 27°C for 2 weeks. Fungi presence were then identified microscopicallyResults: The results showed that the majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of fungus that grew in Sabouraud agar. From 34 samples, thirty two samples were positive and 2 samples were negative. Various fungus have been identified, those were Penicillium (37.5%), Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2.5%) and unidentified (35%)Conclusions : The majority of air conditioners in tutorial rooms of the Faculty of Medicine, University Padjadjaran contained many types of opportunistic fungus. [AMJ.2014;1(1):21–4]Keywords : Air conditioner, Aspergillus, fungi, Mucor, Penicillium Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Patogen dari Pendingin Udara di Kamar Tutorial dari Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas PadjadjaranLatar Belakang: Kesadaran tentang masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pendingin udara sangat penting. Dengan demikian , sangat penting untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang perawatan yang tepat dari pendingin udara. Di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Padjadjaran, pendingin udara digunakan di setiap kamar tutorial . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi yang memadai tentang jamur, seperti Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Mucor, yang ditemukan di pendingin udara. Metode: Sebuah studi laboratorium deskriptif digunakan untuk mengevaluasi keberadaan dan jenis jamur patogen dari pendingin udara di kamar tutorial. Tiga puluh empat sampel dikumpulkan dari kisi-kisi pendingin udara dan dikultur pada Sabouraud agar pada 27 °C selama 2 minggu. Pertumbuhan jamur kemudian diidentifikasi secara mikroskopis.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajdjaran terdapat banyak jamur yang dapat tumbuh di Sabaroaud agar, 32 hasil positif dan 2 hasil negatif untuk pertumbuhan jamur . Jamur yang tumbuh adalah Penicillium (37,5%, Aspergillus (25%), Mucor (2,5%) dan tidak teridentifikasi (35%).Simpulan : Sebagian besar pendingin udara di ruang tutorial Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan jamur oportunistikKata kunci : Aspergillus, jamur , Mucor , Penicillium, pendingin udara DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.292

Isolated Bacteria from Hemodialysis Water Distribution Systems in Hemodialysis Centers in Bandung Mohd Hafeez bin Mohd Rafee; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Julius B Dewanto
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Despite the advent of water treatment technology for the past few decades, bacterial contamination is still an everlasting issue that requires solid intervention. Many studies across the world have identified myriad of bacteria that colonize the hemodialysis water distribution system. This study was conducted to identify common bacteria that colonized the hemodialysis water distribution systems in Bandung.Methods: This was a descriptive laboratory study conducted at the Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in 2014. Sterile bottles were used to collect 16 samples of reverse osmosis water from 2 hemodialysis centers in Bandung. Approximately 15 ml of water volume was collected in each bottle from 7 standard points for water sampling in hemodialysis system. The samples were first inoculated into R2A agar by pour-plate method and colonies were sub–cultured onto MacConkey and blood agar and the identification was based on Gram stain morphology, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests.Results: Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas sp. were the two predominant organisms which colonized the hemodialysis water distribution system. In addition, some genus of the Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were also isolated from the system and seemed to colonize the entire system.Conclusions: Bacterial contamination in hemodialysis water distribution system in Bandung is still a major problem regardless the efforts taken to minimize it. [AMJ.2016;3(2):259–64] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.788

Impact of Training on Improving Proper Handwashing Practices among Elementary School Students Theruna Huthamaputiran; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Andriana Purnama
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Background: Hand washing is among the most effective ways to prevent diseases. In Indonesia, only a quarter of the entire population practice proper handwashing techniques. Of these, children are the most vulnerable group for contracting diseases. Nevertheless, they also are crucial agent for behavior transformation as they are keen and open to new ideas. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if training would have an improvement on a proper hand washing practices among elementary school students.Methods:An observational descriptive study design using random sampling was conducted from September to November 2013 in Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java, Indonesia using primary data of one hundred elementary school students from four elementary schools. Questionnaires were given after informed consent. A demonstration on hand washing techniques and education on proper hand washing practices was then given. Two weeks later, the same questionnaire was given to measure the influence of the training. The collected data were presented using frequency tabulation.Results: Before the training on proper hand washing practices was conducted, only 86.9% students were practicing it properly. After the training was given, 90.7% of the students were doing it properly. For the hand washing technique, only 66.8% of students knew the correct steps before the intervention was given and 78.7% students did them correctly after the intervention.Conclusions:The training shows an overall improvement on the students’ hand washing practices. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1073

Antimicrobial Suspectibility of Bacterial Isolated from Burn Unit in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from June to September 2013 Yodya Evila; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Hardisiswo Soedjana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Background: Development of infection in burned patients is a crucial matter because it may increase morbidity and mortality. Factors contributing to high risk for infections are disrupted skin barrier, dysfunction of the immune system and prolonged hospitalization. Crowded hospital condition and transfer of patients from one unit to another can affect development of infection caused by environmental factors. The aim of the study was to identify the antimicrobial suspectibility of bacterial isolated from Burn Unit in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in Burn Unit Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, from June to September 2013. A total of 30 environment samples were collected and cultured to identify the bacterias. Futhermore, the colonies found, underwent antimicrobial susceptibility test.Results: Most common bacteria found from the environmental samples in Burn Unit was Staphylococcus saprophyticus (24%). Other bacterias found were Klebsiella pneumonia (17%), Acinetobacter baumanii (15%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Bacillus sp.(12%), Pseudomonas sp.(7%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5%) and Serratia sp. (2%). Some bacteria still had good sensitivity to antibiotics while the Enterobacteriaceae were almost completely resistant to antimicrobial used in the study.Conclusions: The most common bacteria found from the environment samples in Burn Unit is Staphylococcuss aprophyticus. Additionally, Klebsiella pneumoniae as one of the Enterobacteriaceae groups, appears as an emerging hospital associated infection pathogen with their resistant to many antimicrobials. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.592

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus’s Strain Similarity on Surgical Ward Nurses’s Hand and Nose and Post Operative Wound Infection Using Coa Gene Through PCR-RFLP Method Fauzia Andrini; Imam Supardi; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Sadeli Masria
Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Vol 4, No 2 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) remains to be the most important cause of post operative wound infection. Nursescould become reservoirs to transmit S.aureus through contaminated hands transiently, or through colonized nose.Strain polymorphism could be determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), using coa gene andrestriction endonuclease enzyme Alu1. There were 30 isolates of S.aureus’s infection, and 20 isolates taken from handsand nose of the nurses in charge. From 50 isolate positive S.aureus, PCR results showed single and multiple bandswithin 300 to 900 base pairs (bp) in length, and multiple bands within 200 to 600 bp. Five out of 30 patients (17%)showed no PCR-RFLP similarity with any of the nurses. Ten out of 15 nurses which hands were positive for S.aureus,has PCR-RFLP similarity with some patients. There was only 1 out of 5 nurses which nose was positive for S.aureus,showed PCR-RFLP similarity with some patients. Statistically, the proportion of the similar PCR-RFLP between thosesamples in this study is 0.12 (12%). Conclusion: Nurses had 12 % PCR-RFLP similarity for S.aureus with post operativewound infection.

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