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Efektivitas Perawatan Dasar Bayi Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Ibu Merawat Bayi BBLR Mardiah, Helatul; Munir, Zainal; Kholisotin, K; Fauzi, Ahmad Kholid; Wahid, Abdul Hamid
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIK) Vol 12, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIK)

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Abstract

AbstrakBayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) rendah merupakan berat badan bayi yang lahir kurang dari 2500 gram tanpa memandang masa gestasi atau usia kehamilan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu merawat bayi BBLR sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perawatan dasar BBLR. mengetahui tingkat keterampilan ibu dalam memberikan perawatan terhadap bayi BBLR sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perawatan dasar bayi BBLR. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dengan rancangan one-group pra-post test design dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dalam merawat bayi BBLR. populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi BBLR yang pernah melahirkan dan dirawat di RSUD dr.H. Koesnadi Bondowoso dengan total sampel 42 responden. Uji variabel menggunakan uji paired T test. Hasil penelitian dengan uji paired T test (α=0.05) sebanyak 42 responden menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat keterampilan ibu terhadap perawatan bayi BBLR memiliki nilai signifikan 0.000, P.Value kedua kelompok penelitian ini adalah ρ=0.000, pada tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan (α= <0.05). Ada peningkatan yang signifikan dari tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat keterampilan ibu setelah diberikan edukasi perawatan dasar bayi BBLR. Kata kunci : Perawatan Dasar Bayi BBLR, Pengetahuan, keterampilan.The Effectiveness Of  Babies Basic Care Towards Knowledge and Maternal Skills Of LBW Babies  AbstractLow Birth Weight (LBW) is the weight of baby born less 2500 grams regardless of gestation or gestational age. The purpose of this research is to know the level of knowledge of mothers caring for LBW babies before and after giving basic care of  LBW babies. Knowing the level of maternal skills in providing care for LBW before and after giving basic care. This research method use sampling total with one-group pre-post test design with the aim of identifying the level of  knowledge and mothers skills in caring for LBW babies. The study population was the mother who had LBW babies who had given birth and treated at the RSUD Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso with a total sample 42 respondents. This variable test using paired T test. The result of this research with a paired T test (α = 0.05) 42 respondents indicated that the level of knowledge and the level of maternal skills towards LBW babies care had a significant value 0.000, P.Value of these two research groups was ρ = 0.000, at the level of knowledge and skills ( α = <0.05). There is a significant increase from the level of knowledge and the level of maternal skills after giving the basic caring education for LBW babies.Key words: the basic care of LBW babies, knowledge, Abilty
EFEK PEMBERIAN JUS MENTIMUN TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH Kusnul, Zauhani; Munir, Zainal
Prosiding Seminas Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Seminas Competitive Advantage II
Publisher : Unipdu Jombang

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Abstract

Abstrak Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif  yang menjadi masalah utama di masyarakat. Hipertensi berhubungan erat dengan berbagai resiko komplikasi. Mentimun adalah jenis sayur yang biasa dikonsumsi masyarakat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji adanya pengaruh pemberian jus mentimun terhadap tekanan darah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain one group pre-post test design, dilaksanakan di  UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Jombang, pada sebanyak 20 lansia sebagai dengan hipertensi tanpa penyakit penyerta. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam hari, hari pertama tekanan darah lansia diukur untuk mendapatkan tekanan darah rata-rata sebelum perlakukan, selanjutnya  selama lima  hari setiap lansia diberi perlakuan berupa jus mentimun sebanyak 100 gram dan diukur tekanan darahnya pada 2 jam, 6 jam, dan 9 jam setelah perlakuan, Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan ada pengaruh bermakna dari pemberian jus mentimun terhadap penurunan tekanan darah, penurunan terbesar terjadi pada 2 jam dan setelah perlakuan hari 4 dan 5 setelah perlakuan pemberian jus mentimun. Hasil ini diharapkan merupakan salah satu solusi bagi perawatan penderita hipertensi.   Kata kunci: hipertensi, lansia, jus mentimun   Abstract Hypertension is a degenerative disease that became a major problem in society. Hypertension is closely linked to various risks of complications. Cucumber is a vegetable species commonly consumed by people to decrease  blood pressure. The aim of this study  was to test the effect of giving the cucumber juice on blood pressure. This study is an experimental research design with one group pre-post test design, implemented in the Unit of Social Services Elderly Jombang, on as many as 20 older adults with hypertension. The study was conducted for six days, at the first day the elderly blood pressure was measured to obtain an average blood pressure before treatment, then for five days later each elderly be treated as much as 100 grams of cucumber juice and blood pressure measured at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours after treatment. The results showed that there was  significant effect of cucumber juice on blood pressure reduction, the largest decline occurred at 2 hours dan after treatment at 4 dan 5 days after treatment with cucumber juice. This result is expected as one solution for the treatment of patients with hypertension. Key words: hypertension, the elderly, cucumber juice
HUBUNGAN SPIRITUAL COPING DENGAN SELF MONITORING PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI POLI KLINIK PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD WALUYO JATI KRAKSAAN PROBOLINGGO Syarifah, Siti; Nugroho, Setiyo Adi; Fauzi, Ahmad Kholid; Munir, Zainal; Wahid, Abdul Hamid
Journal of Ners and Midwifery Vol 7, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : STIKes Patria Husada Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26699/jnk.v7i1.ART.p089-094

Abstract

Spiritual merupakan salah satu faktor penting Untuk meningkatkan pemantauan diri bagi pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Tingkat spiritualitas yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi kognisi manusia untuk berpikir positif. Pasien dengan diabetes dua kali lebih beresiko mengalami status kecemasan, depresi dan masalah psikologis yang serius. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan Spiritual Coping dengan Self Monitoring pada Klien DM tipe 2. Desain dalam penelitian adalah cross sectional, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan atau menguraikan suatu keadaan dan selanjutnya menjelaskan suatu keadaan tersebut melalui pengumpulan data pengukuran variabel korelasi yang terjadi pada objek penelitian secara simultan atau dalam waktu yang bersamaan, dengan jumlah sampel 110 responden, Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini Spiritual Coping dan Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah Self Monitoring. dengan, Tekhnik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Probability Sampling, yaitu dengan cara simple random sampling yang mana jenis probabilitas yang paling sederhana. Untuk mencapai sampling ini, setiap elemen diseleksi secara acak. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan (P=0,002<0,05 )  antara hubungan Spiritual Coping dengan Self Monitoring. Kesimpulannya: tedapat hubungan Spiritual Coping Dengan Self Monitoring Pada Klien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di Poli Klinik Penyakit Dalam RSUD Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo. Spiritual is one of the important factors to increase self-monitoring for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. High spiritual level can influence human cognition to think positively. Patients with diabetes are twice as likely to experience anxiety, depression, and serious psychological problems. Objective: this study is to determine the relationship between Spiritual Coping and Self Monitoring on DM type 2 clients. The design in this study is cross sectional, namely research that aims to describe or describe a situation and then explain a situation through collecting data that measures the correlation variable that occurs on the research object simultaneously or simultaneously, with a sample of 110 respondents. The independent variable in this study is Spiritual Coping and the dependent variable in this study is Self Monitoring. with, the sampling technique is done by Probability Sampling, namely by means of simple random sampling which is the simplest type of probability. To achieve this sampling, each element is chosen randomly. The results showed a significant relationship (P = 0.002 <0.05) between the relationship of Spiritual Coping with Self Monitoring. In conclusion: there is a relationship between Spiritual Coping and Self Monitoring on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Clients in the Internal Medicine Clinic at Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo Hospital.
Permainan Lego (Parallel Play) terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus pada Anak Usia 3–6 Tahun Andarwati, Siska Rahiliyah; Munir, Zainal; Siam, Wiwin Nur
JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU Vol 8, No 1 (2020): JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36085/jkmu.v8i1.480

Abstract

There are still many children there who use gross motor skills rather than fine motor skills. Play facilities and infrastructure to stimulate children's development are also lacking so that fine motor development is less stimulated. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of lego (parallel play) games on fine motor development in children aged (3-6 years) at TK Pertiwi Lojajar Bondowoso. The study design used the pre-experimental type one-group pretest-posttest type with a sample of 40 people with saturated sampling techniques. Then analyzed by the Paired t-test statistical test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. The statistical test results were p = 0,000 (p 0.05) which shows that there are differences in children's fine motor development before and after given a lego game (parallel play). Conclusion there is the influence of children's fine motor development before and after given lego games (parallel play) in the Pertiwi Lojajar Bondowos Kindergarten. It is expected that parents should pay attention to the development that occurs in children, one of which is fine motor skills. It is intended that parents can provide more and appropriate stimulation to children.Keywords : Lego (parallel play), fine motor development
EFEK PEMBERIAN JUS MENTIMUN TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH Kusnul, Zauhani; Munir, Zainal
Prosiding Seminas Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Seminas Competitive Advantage II
Publisher : Unipdu Jombang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif  yang menjadi masalah utama di masyarakat. Hipertensi berhubungan erat dengan berbagai resiko komplikasi. Mentimun adalah jenis sayur yang biasa dikonsumsi masyarakat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji adanya pengaruh pemberian jus mentimun terhadap tekanan darah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain one group pre-post test design, dilaksanakan di  UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Jombang, pada sebanyak 20 lansia sebagai dengan hipertensi tanpa penyakit penyerta. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam hari, hari pertama tekanan darah lansia diukur untuk mendapatkan tekanan darah rata-rata sebelum perlakukan, selanjutnya  selama lima  hari setiap lansia diberi perlakuan berupa jus mentimun sebanyak 100 gram dan diukur tekanan darahnya pada 2 jam, 6 jam, dan 9 jam setelah perlakuan, Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan ada pengaruh bermakna dari pemberian jus mentimun terhadap penurunan tekanan darah, penurunan terbesar terjadi pada 2 jam dan setelah perlakuan hari 4 dan 5 setelah perlakuan pemberian jus mentimun. Hasil ini diharapkan merupakan salah satu solusi bagi perawatan penderita hipertensi.   Kata kunci: hipertensi, lansia, jus mentimun   Abstract Hypertension is a degenerative disease that became a major problem in society. Hypertension is closely linked to various risks of complications. Cucumber is a vegetable species commonly consumed by people to decrease  blood pressure. The aim of this study  was to test the effect of giving the cucumber juice on blood pressure. This study is an experimental research design with one group pre-post test design, implemented in the Unit of Social Services Elderly Jombang, on as many as 20 older adults with hypertension. The study was conducted for six days, at the first day the elderly blood pressure was measured to obtain an average blood pressure before treatment, then for five days later each elderly be treated as much as 100 grams of cucumber juice and blood pressure measured at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours after treatment. The results showed that there was  significant effect of cucumber juice on blood pressure reduction, the largest decline occurred at 2 hours dan after treatment at 4 dan 5 days after treatment with cucumber juice. This result is expected as one solution for the treatment of patients with hypertension. Key words: hypertension, the elderly, cucumber juice
THE EFFECT OF HATHA YOGA ON DYSMENORRHOEA PAIN IN ADOLESCENT PRINCIPLE Ummi Sa&#039;adah; Kholisotin K; Zainal Munir; Handono FR; Abdul Hamid Wahid
Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health
Publisher : Ikatan Perawat Maternitas Indonesia Provinsi Jawa Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (675.452 KB) | DOI: 10.36780/jmcrh.v2i2.79

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation caused by muscle contraction and imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood. One of the non-pharmacological treatments is Hatha yoga therapy, which is a type of relaxation technique that can reduce pain intensity by relaxing skeletal muscles. This study was purposed to determine the effect of Hatha Yoga Therapy on Dysmenorrhoea Pain in Adolescents at Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School. The design of this study was the "Quasy experiment" study using "group non-equivalent controls" which were divided into experimental groups and control groups. The study was conducted at Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School, the number of 76 adolescents was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The measuring instrument used is the observation sheet. Hatha yoga intervention is carried out for 1 month with a frequency of 2 times for 40 minutes. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon. This study found a decrease in the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in the experimental group after being given hatha yoga (p-value 0,000 <α 0,05) whereas in the control group P-value = 0,102 (p> 0,05). The conclusion is that there is the influence of Hatha Yoga on the pain of dysmenorrhea in young women.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, hatha yoga.
THE EFFECT OF ANTENATAL YOGA ON LOW BACK PAIN IN THIRD-TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY Salva Dwi Kosayriyah; Kholisotin Kholisotin; Zainal Munir; Handono FR; Abdul Hamid Wahid
Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health
Publisher : Ikatan Perawat Maternitas Indonesia Provinsi Jawa Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (790.345 KB) | DOI: 10.36780/jmcrh.v3i1.124

Abstract

Low back pain is pain that occurs in the lumbosacral region and would get worse with increasing the gestational age. The purpose of this study was to determine the decrease of the low back pain before and after doing antenatal yoga. The design of this study was quasy experiment study using unequal control groups, the group divided into experimental and control groups. The study was conducted at BPM Hj. Suharni Cermee Bondowoso, the number of respondent was 50 pregnant women that chosen using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used an observation sheet. In this study yoga was performed 4 times in 2 weeks with a duration of 1 hour per session. Data analysis using the Paired T-Test. Statistical results showed the value of p = 0,000 <0.05. There is a significant effect of antenatal yoga to the low back pain scale in the third trimester of pregnant women.Keywords: Low back pain, pregnant women, antenatal yoga.
Permainan Lego (Parallel Play) terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus pada Anak Usia 3–6 Tahun Siska Rahiliyah Andarwati; Zainal Munir; Wiwin Nur Siam
JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU Vol 8 No 1 (2020): JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36085/jkmu.v8i1.480

Abstract

There are still many children there who use gross motor skills rather than fine motor skills. Play facilities and infrastructure to stimulate children's development are also lacking so that fine motor development is less stimulated. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of lego (parallel play) games on fine motor development in children aged (3-6 years) at TK Pertiwi Lojajar Bondowoso. The study design used the pre-experimental type one-group pretest-posttest type with a sample of 40 people with saturated sampling techniques. Then analyzed by the Paired t-test statistical test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. The statistical test results were p = 0,000 (p <0.05) which shows that there are differences in children's fine motor development before and after given a lego game (parallel play). Conclusion there is the influence of children's fine motor development before and after given lego games (parallel play) in the Pertiwi Lojajar Bondowos Kindergarten. It is expected that parents should pay attention to the development that occurs in children, one of which is fine motor skills. It is intended that parents can provide more and appropriate stimulation to children.Keywords : Lego (parallel play), fine motor development
Spiritual Care Dalam Mengurangi Tingkat Kemarahan Pasien Skizofrenia Mohammad Risky Baisoeni; Maulidiyah Junnatul Azizah; Atika Jatimi; Zainal Munir; Handono Fatkhur Rahman
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES Vol 11 (2020): Nomor Khusus November-Desember 2020
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf11nk401

Abstract

Background: Patients with schizophrenia tend to have high emotional levels, which has the potential to increase the risk of violent behavior. The existence of spiritual interventions that are used bring benefits in the form of increasing its capacity to overcome suffering and to overcome life's problems, as well as accelerate healing in addition to medical care provided. Methods: The method used in this article was a literature review. Literature sources used in the preparation of this study using journal articles from 2015-2020. The process of finding articles through Proquest, EBSCO, DOAJ, Geogle scholars, and Research Gate. There were 20 articles relating to spiritual care to reduce the level of anger in schizophrenic patients. Results: The results of this study indicate that to reduce the risk of anger, many nursing interventions are used. The results of several particles that have been tracked, there are spiritual therapies that can be done by providing intervention to schizophrenic patients such as meeting spiritual needs with prayer, prayer, remembrance, prayer, reading the Koran, murrotal therapy, ruqyah and attention to therapy with a spiritual approach. Conclusion: Spiritual treatment has the effect of reducing the anger level of schizophrenic patients. The most widely used method is remembrance, therefore, there are other methods, namely by way of prayer, eating pork, reading the Koran, lectures, murrotal, and ruqya shar'yyab therapy. These methods are very influential on many things, ranging from reducing the level of anger, reducing the risk of violent behavior, reducing hallucinations, and also as a patient's self control. Keywords: spiritual; angry; schizophrenia ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pasien dengan skizofrenia cenderung memiliki tingkat emosi yang tinggi, yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Adanya intervensi spiritual yang digunakan membawa manfaat dalam bentuk meningkatkan kapasitasnya untuk mengatasi penderitaan dan untuk mengatasi masalah kehidupan, serta mempercepat penyembuhan di samping perawatan medis yang diberikan. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah tinjauan literatur. Sumber literatur yang digunakan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini menggunakan artikel jurnal dari 2015-2020. Proses menemukan artikel melalui Proquest, EBSCO, DOAJ, Google Scholar, dan Research Gate. Ada 20 artikel yang berkaitan dengan perawatan spiritual untuk mengurangi tingkat kemarahan pada pasien skizofrenia. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengurangi risiko kemarahan, banyak intervensi keperawatan digunakan. Hasil dari beberapa partikel yang telah dilacak, ada terapi spiritual yang dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan intervensi kepada pasien skizofrenia seperti memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual dengan doa, sholat, zikir, sholat, membaca Alquran, terapi murrotal, ruqyah dan perhatian terhadap terapi dengan pendekatan spiritual. Kesimpulan: Spiritual care memiliki pengaruh untuk menurunkan tingkat kemarahan pasien skizofrenia. Adapun metode yang paling banyak digunakan adalah berdzikir, kemudian, ada metode lain yaitu dengan cara berdoa, beristigfar, membaca al-quran, ceramah, murrotal, serta terapi ruqya syar’iyyab. Kata Kunci: spiritual; kemarahan; skizofrenia
Pengurangan Stigma Publik Terhadap Peningkatan Quality of Life (QoL) Pasien Skizofrenia Helatul Mardiah; Atika Jatimi; Maulidyah Jannatul Azizah Heru; Zainal Munir; Handono Fatkhur Rahman
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES Vol 11 (2020): Nomor Khusus November-Desember 2020
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf11nk404

Abstract

Schizophrenia is one of the mental health problems in a world that is prone to the stigma which is more directed towards public discrimination so that it improves the quality of their lives. Purpose: The purpose of this Systematic Review is to find out whether improving the quality of life of the community improves the quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenic patients. Google Scholar, Cambridge Core, Spinger, and Proquest database search with keyword of Quality of Life of schizophrenia. The criteria for the articles selected for 2016-2020 were fulltexts in English and bahasa Indonesia. A systematic review used 15 articles that fit the inclusion criteria. The higher the stigma of people with schizophrenia in society, the lower the subjective quality. which means they need for negative stigma with the presence of a family or caregiver support to reduce stigmatization to improve the quality of life and improve the recovery process. Stigma support is very important to be done for patients with schizophrenia, by providing social support, and good family cares as one of the supports that increase directly in psychotic interactions in schizophrenia patients and can improve the quality of life of schizophrenic patients. Keywords: schizophrenia; quality of life; self stigma ABSTRAK Skizofrenia adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan jiwa di dunia yang rentan terhadap stigma yang lebih mengarah pada deskriminasi publik sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas kehidupan mereka. Tujuan dari systematic review ini adalah mengetahui apakah pengurangan stigma publik dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien skizofrenia. Pencarian database meliputi Google Scholar, Cambridge Core, Spinger, dan Proquest dengan kata kunci quality of life to skizofrenia. Kriteria artikel yang dipilih 2016-2020, dengan teks penuh dan berbahasa inggris dan bahasa Indonesia. Systematic review ini menggunakan 15 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Semakin tinggi stigma orang dengan skizofrenia dalam masyarakat, semakin rendah subjektif kualitas hidupnya, artinya perlu pengurangan stigma negatif dengan adanya dukukan keluarga atau pengasuh untuk menurunkan stigmatisasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Pengurangan stigma sangat penting untuk dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan skizofrenia, dengan memberikan dukungan sosial, serta pengasuhan keluarga yang baik sebagai salah satu implementasi yang berdampak langsung pada gejala gangguan psikotik pada pasien skizofrenia serta dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien skizofrenia. Kata kunci: skizofrenia; kualitas hidup; self stigma