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Upaya Peningkatan Efisiensi Usaha Ternak Ditinjau dari Aspek Agribisnis yang Berdaya Saing Masdjidin Siregar; Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 21, No 1 (2003): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v21n1.2003.57-66

EnglishThe objective of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the efficiency of livestock production by using competitive and comparative advantage approaches based on the data and information gathered in the previous studies. The results indicate that livestock production in Indonesia is relatively efficient from both financial and economic criteria. To increase the efficiency, significant government roles are still needed especially in public investments, zoning, and balancing production scales. Public investments are required in research, extension, breeding, and marketing facilities (livestock market places, transportation, and slaughtering houses). Zoning policy should take grazing fields into consideration and such a policy should be backed up by strong district regulation. Scale distribution of agribusiness should be arranged such that conflict between large agribusiness and smallholders could be minimized. IndonesianTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek-aspek yang menentukan efisiensi usaha ternak dengan pendekatan analisis kelayakan finansial (keunggulan kompetitif), dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi (keunggulan komparatif). Untuk mengetahui besaran-besaran yang mengindikasikan kelayakan finansial dan kelayakan ekonomi tersebut digunakan review hasil-hasil studi terdahulu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak yang dilakukan di Indonesia sudah cukup efisien baik dari segi kriteria profitabilitas usaha maupun dari segi keunggulan komparatif. Untuk peningkatan efisiensi tersebut diperlukan peran pemerintah yang relatif besar antara lain berupa investasi, pengaturan tata ruang, dan pengaturan pola pengusahaan. Investasi diperlukan dalam bidang penelitian, penyuluhan, pembibitan, sarana pemasaran (yang meliputi pasar ternak, transportasi dan Rumah Potong Ternak. Pengaturan tata ruang dihubungkan dengan penyediaan lahan penggembalaan umum dengan dasar hukum yang kuat (Perda) pada daerah sentra produksi. Pengaturan pola pengusahaan diupayakan agar tidak terjadi benturan antara usaha agribisnis besar (pengusaha) dengan usaha agribisnis berbasis kerakyatan.

Tinjauan Penerapan Kebijakan Industri Ayam Ras : Antara Tujuan dan Hasil Yusmichad Yusdja; Nyak Ilham; Rosmijati Sajuti
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 22, No 1 (2004): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v22n1.2004.22-36

EnglishThe government policy related to development of layer and broiler industry began in 1970 through foreign investment. In the same year the government approved development of broiler and layer hatchery industry from Japan and United States. This policy was followed-up by broiler and layer farms policy in 1980 that limited economic scales of the farms. The objective of the policy is to create employment as many as possible for smallholders backed up by Livestock Bill No. 67. After 20 years of the Bill enactment, however, the policy was ineffective and encouraged the big scale farms to arrive at uncontrollable growth. In 1996, namely right before economic crisis took place, layer and broiler industry were dominated by the big scale farms and the independent smallholders did not exist anymore. This paper aims to describe the policies related to layer and broiler industry development since 1979 to 2003. This experience is important as the knowledge in order to develop the other commodities such as dairy cows, native chicken, food crops, and estate crops which, so far, are still chained up in the smallholders protecting policies.IndonesianKebijaksanaan pemerintah menyangkut pengembangan industri ayam ras dimulai tahun 1970 melalui kebijakan penanaman modal asing (PMA). Pada tahun tersebut disetujui pengembangan pembibitan ayam ras dari negara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Kebijakan ini disusul dengan kebijakan budidaya tahun 1980 yang mengatur pembatasan skala usaha ayam ras. Tujuan kebijakan tersebut adalah untuk menyediakan lapangan kerja sebanyak-banyaknya bagi rakyat dengan dukungan UU Peternakan No 67. Namun setelah 20 tahun berlangsung, ternyata kebijakan ini tidak berhasil efektif bahkan mendorong percepatan pertumbuhan skala besar yang semrawut. Pada tahun 1996 sesaat sebelum krisis ekonomi, industri ayam ras dikuasai oleh peternak skala besar. Usaha rakyat dalam bentuk mandiri dapat dikatakan tidak ada lagi. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk memaparkan perjalanan kebijakan pengembangan industri ayam ras dari tahun 1979 sampai tahun 2003. Pengalaman ini penting sebagai pengetahuan dalam rangka mengembangkan komoditas lain seperti sapi perah, ayam buras dan tanaman pangan, maupun perkebunan yang sampai saat ini terbelenggu dalam kebijakan perlindungan usaha rakyat.

Ketersediaan Produk Samping Tanaman dan Industri Pertanian sebagai Pakan Ternak Mendukung Peningkatan Produksi Daging Nasional Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 33, No 1 (2015): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v33n1.2015.47-61

EnglishOne of main components to boost cow meat is feed availability. In Indonesia, feed availability is still deal with decrease of pasture, competing feed with other uses, such as industry, and limited feed distribution system. Limited conventional feed sources could be overcome through use of feed from side products of crops and agricultural industry such as rice, oil palm, and sugarcane. This paper reviews livestock capacity potency and identifies new development region potency for beef cow farm business using side products of crops and agricultural industry. Feed availability potency is based on simple calculation of previous studies. It is estimated that feed source from crops and agricultural industry of rice, oil palm, and sugarcane is around 121.69 million tons of dried matter or it has capacity of 77.42 million livestock units. Based on feed raw material availability region, the potential regions for beef cow farm business development using main feed from side products of crops and oil palm agricultural industry are the provinces in Sulawesi, Papua and West Papua. The beef cow producing regions in Java could utilize side products of crops and processing industry of sugarcane and rice straw. Bali and NTT are regions with feed deficits. To boost beef cow farm business in new development regions, it is necessary: (a) to strengthen researches on processing technology of crop and industrial side products, and quality feed formulation with cheap price, (b) to introduce complete feed processing technology to the side products potential centers, (c) to develop cheap, complete feed industry for sales. IndonesianSalah satu pilar utama untuk meningkatkan produksi daging sapi adalah ketersediaan pakan. Di Indonesia bahan ketersediaan pakan masih menghadapi masalah, di antaranya karena penyempitan padang penggembalaan, persaingan bahan baku pakan untuk kebutuhan lain, industri, dan sistem distribusi pakan masih terbatas. Keterbatasan sumber pakan konvensional dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan pakan berbasis produk samping tanaman dan industri pertanian yang berasal dari tanaman padi, kelapa sawit, dan tebu. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk melakukan review perkiraan potensi kapasitas tampung ternak dan mengidentifikasi potensi wilayah pengembangan baru usaha sapi potong berbasis produk samping tanaman dan industri pertanian. Berdasarkan data sekunder review hasi-hasil penelitian sebelumnya dilakukan perhitungan potensi ketersediaan pakan dengan menggunakan matematika sederhana. Hasil penelitian memperkirakan kuantitas bahan pakan yaitu dari produk samping tanaman dan industri pertanian padi, sawit, dan tebu mencapai 121,69 juta ton bahan kering atau mampu menampung 77,42 juta ST. Berdasarkan lokasi ketersediaan bahan baku pakan tersebut, maka daerah potensial untuk pengembangan sapi potong dengan sumber pakan utama produk samping tanaman dan industri pengolahan kelapa sawit, yaitu beberapa provinsi di Sumatera dan Kalimantan, beberapa provinsi di Sulawesi, Papua, dan Papua Barat. Daerah-daerah di Jawa yang merupakan sentra sapi dapat memanfaatkan produk samping tanaman dan industri pengolahan tebu serta jerami padi. Bali dan NTT merupakan daerah defisit pakan. Untuk mendorong pertumbuhan sapi potong pada daerah sentra produksi baru, maka yang perlu dilakukan adalah (a) menguatkan riset terkait teknologi pengolahan produk samping tanaman dan industri dan formulasi pakan bermutu dengan harga murah, (b) mendatangkan teknologi pembuatan pakan komplit ke sentra-sentra potensi produk samping, dan (c) mengembangkan industri pakan komplit murah untuk diperdagangkan.

Suatu Gagasan tentang Peternakan Masa Depan dan Strategi Mewujudkannya Yusmichad Yusdja; Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 25, No 1 (2007): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v25n1.2007.19-28

EnglishThis paper discusses an idea on future livestock and how to bring the idea into reality. The sources of the paper are taken from various livestock research results along with the overview of relevant economics theories. Based on these sources, it is concluded that the future livestock could be designed and could also be materialized. However, the government should not recklessly encourage the community to move forward and directly allocate the existing resources. Instead, the government should allow the community to design future livestock by themselves through free market mechanims. On the other hand, government policies should be directed to focus on servicess and draw positive responses to basic livestock problems to enhance market mechanisms. Old paradigm saying that livestock business is a employment opportunity for the community should no longer used and should be changed to a new paradigm saying that livestock business has a function to encourage agroindustry development for a more open and widen employment and business opportunities. The implication of this idea is that the government is suggested to design a national livestock development roadmap with its details in livestock development region of each regencies. This roadmap will be very helpful in program development preparation which also encourage the autonomous inter-regency cooperation. IndonesianTulisan ini merupakan sebuah gagasan tentang peternakan masa depan dan strategi mewujudkannya. Sumber bahan untuk penulisannya adalah hasil-hasil penelitian peternakan dan pandangan-pandangan teori ekonomi yang relevan. Dari review hasil penelitian serta teori ekonomi dan kebijakan pertanian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peternakan masa depan dapat saja didisain bagaimana ujudnya. Namun demikian, pemerintah tidak dapat begitu saja menggerakan masyarakat dan mengatur alokasi sumberdaya secara langsung. Atas dasar itu, pemerintah lebih baik menyerahkan pada masyarakat bagaimana peternakan masa depan itu melalui mekanisme pasar yang bebas. Pada sisi lain, kebijakan pemerintah sebaiknya fokus pada pelayanan dan membangun simpul-simpul permasalahan dasar peternakan saja sehingga mekanisme pasar dapat diaktifkan. Paradigma lama yang mengatakan bahwa usaha peternakan merupakan lapangan kerja masyarakat haruslah diganti dengan paradigma baru yakni peternakan haruslah berfungsi mendorong pembangunan dan perkembangan agroindustri sehingga terbuka luas kesempatan kerja dan usaha. Implikasi kebijakan dari gagasan ini adalah perlu dibuat roadmap pembangunan peternakan secara nasional dan diuraikan secara rinci di setiap kabupaten wilayah pengembangan ternak. Roadmap akan membantu mengarahkan penyusunan program-program pembangunan dan mendorong kerjasama antar daerah otonom.

Suatu Pemikiran Tentang Analisis Penawaran dan Permintaan Jenis Daging di Indonesia Nyak Ilham; Ketut Kariyasa; Budi Wiryono
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 20, No 1 (2002): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v20n1.2002.25-39

EnglishThe objectives of this review is to determine the key factors in formulating supply and demand analysis for meat with respect of its aplication and results interpretation. The result indicate some factors have to be considered, i.e. : the actual meat marketing system, the related basic theory, the availability and data management, and the objective the respective study. In addition, the elasticity of supply and demand with respect to output and input price should be taken into account. Some kinds of meat and fisheries has specific characteristic by regims, time, as well as consumers' income. IndonesianTulisan ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka yang bertujuan untuk meaparkan faktor-faktor yang harus di perhatikan dalam memformulasikan suatu model analisis penawaran dan permintaan daging, berkaitan dengan aplikasi model dan interprestasi hasil yang diperoleh. Hasil analisis menunjukan beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan adalah: pola pemasaran daging aktual, basis teori, ketersediaan dan pengelolaan data, dan tujuan penelitian yang ingin di capai. Perlu juga di perhatikan tingkat respons terhadap perubahan harga dan sifat substitusi dan komplementer komoditas yang di teliti. Beberapa jenis daging dan ikan segar memiliki karakteristik sifat yang berfariasi menurut waktu, wilayah dan tingkat pendapatan kosumen

Profil dan Permasalahan Peternakan Yusmichad Yusdja; Nyak Ilham; Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 21, No 1 (2003): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v21n1.2003.44-56

EnglishLivestock industry in Indonesia is prosperous despite some constraints. The objective of this paper is to critically review livestock industry development in the country. Assessment was based on Statistical Center Agency data, research results, and many opinions to describe the present livestock industry. Assessment was focused on problems identification faced by the livestock industry in connection with domestic and global markets.IndonesianKondisi peternak di Indonesia saat ini memberikan janji masa depan yang baik sekalipun masih banyak persoalan yang dihadapi.Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah melakukan review secara kritis terhadap perkembangan industri peternakan di Indonesia. Kajian berdasarkan data BPS dan review literatur hasil penelitian dan pemikiran berbagai pihak dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan keadaan industri peternakan dan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi saat ini. Fokus kajian adalah mengidentifikasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh industri permintaan dikaitkan dengan permintaan dalam pasar domestik dan global.

DINAMIKA KREDIT PROGRAM DAN PERSPEKTIF SKEMA BARU KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT UNTUK PEMBIAYAAN PERTANIAN 2020-2024 Sri Wahyuni; Endro Gunawan; Sri Hastuti Suhartini; Julia Forcina Sinuraya; Mat Syukur; Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 38, No 2 (2020): Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v38n2.2020.103-117

One of the Government's efforts to achieve food security is through increasing People’s Business Credit (KUR) fund. KUR disbursement, so far, is relatively low and it is necessary to implement the new scheme perspective on KUR. This paper presents the new scheme perspective on KUR to improve its disbursement as well as agricultural production. The basis for the new scheme perspective is derived from Agricultural Financing Program review, KUR implementation, driving factors and the benefits. Agricultural Financing Program before and during KUR era shows that the success of KUR disbursement is affected by socialization and human resources capacity. This finding is supported by the review that KUR disbursement success is determined by human’s character. Existing KUR scheme gets better and successful in increasing the farmers’ income. On the other hand, some unsuccessful results ok KUR is due to moral hazard. The new scheme of KUR should focus on effective and efficient socialization of this program credit to all stakeholders. For example, socialization is implemented using social media which is easily understood and accessed. Utilizing applications of cellular phone is also very useful to improve the program knowledge and to deal with moral hazard. Additionally, it is necessary to include ecological aspect as well as youth and women access in the scheme.

Strategi Pengembangan Ternak Ruminansia di Indonesia: Ditinjau dari Potensi Sumberdaya Pakan dan Lahan Nyak Ilham
Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi Vol 13, No 2 (1995): Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi
Publisher : Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/fae.v13n2.1995.33-43

IndonesianKecenderungan semakin meningkatnya konsumsi pangan asal ternak merupakan suatu tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi subsektor peternakan untuk meningkatkan produksi secara efisien dan kompetitif. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara deskriptif, tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji pengembangan ternak ruminansia secara efisien dan kompetitif ditinjau dari aspek sumberdaya pakan dan lahan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan ternak potong dengan tiga prinsip utama, yaitu keseimbangan suplai-demand daging, pelestarian dan mengurangi impor daging harus memperhatikan potensi sumberdaya pakan, lahan dan tata ruang. Dengan demikian diharapkan efisiensi usaha dan daya saing produk yang dihasilkan akan lebih meningkat. Untuk itu diperlukan koordinasi antara instansi lintas sektoral, antara lain berupa penetapan status hukum padang penggembalaan umum dan penentuan kebijaksanaan pembangunan peternakan dan sarana pendukung lainnya.

The Economic Impact of Merapi Volcano Eruption in Livestock Farming Systems Atien Priyanti; Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DECEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Merapi volcano eruption has impact significantly to the most of surrounding farming areas, including livestock, which belongs to rural peoples as the main sources of income. Estimated loss of economic values of resources amounted to IDR 5821 billion, covering among others: salak pondok, farm animals (dairy, beef cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry) and food crops (maize and rice field) business. The areas mostly hit by the eruption include the districts of Boyolali, Klaten and Magelang of Central Java, and District of Sleman in DIY. Livestock sub sector of the economy in these areas suffers losses in terms of death of animals, sold and unsold animals, fodder crops, and reduced of milk production. It has been estimated that these losses have reached IDR 88,320 billion. Rehabilitation and reconstruction programs are necessary for both short and longer terms efforts to recover people livelihood which derived particularly from livestock farming. Key words: Economic impact, Merapi eruption, livestock farming

Merapi Disaster Impact on The Dairy Business in The District of Sleman Nyak Ilham; Atien Priyanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 4 (2011): DECEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Merapi disaster with a variety of volcanic material caused fatalities or death and directly influenced on the health of cattle. Both of these effects in addition to psychological effects that cause farmers panic and economically are very harmful. This study aims to analyze the impact of Merapi disaster on dairy cow production and estimate the economic losses on the dairy cattle business. The analysis showed that Merapi disaster caused the death of livestock and reduced milk production. Livestock deaths are mainly caused by hot clouds, lava and ash that consumed through food and the respiratory tract. Decrease in milk production varies from 6.7 percent to 84 percent. Cows that are left displaced and not given food and drink for four days obviously decreased in milk production. The death of livestock, disruption of institutional marketing input and output, falling livestock prices and the decline in milk production resulted in losses IDR. 21.0 billion. Key words: Impact, Merapi eruption, dairy cow

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