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Government Policies on Small Scale Poultry Business and Environmental Health in Indonesia Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 2 (2015): JUNE 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The government paid great attention to develop small-scale poultry business, to reduce poverty alleviation and increase employment opportunities. The government has established various policies to encourage the growth of poultry production cluster (PPC) in rural areas. However, the fact shows that these policies have not been able to solve the problems. Small-scale poultry business is particularly vulnerable to economic changes, including animal diseases. The economic crisis of 1997-1998 and avian influenza outbreaks in 2004-2006 had caused most of small-scale enterprises collapsed. Government policies to develop small scale poultry business which is environmental friendly are required so its existence does not disturb the public. Since 2006, the government has established various policies, ie. Village Poultry Farming (VPF) and compartment structuring. Based on evaluation and existing cases, the results have no meet the expectation yet, due to lack of sustain supervision. On the other hand, small scale poultry business has been set up on PPC’s under partnerships with companies. The government is expected to continue VPF program and should pay attention to the development of PPC that basically has been accepted by rural communities. Key words: Government policies, poultry, small scale, environmental health

Prevention of Productive Cows Slaughter through Management of Local State Enterprises Atien Priyanti; Ismeth Inounu; Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 27, No 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Based on the last national livestock census in 2013, the population number of cattle and buffalo have reduced by 15% compared to that in 2011. The highest reduction happened in Java that reached around 24-27%, while that in Bali and Nusa Tenggara was 25%. One of the reasons was caused by decreasing number of cows due to the increase of productive cows slaughtered every year. Number of cows slaughtered in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi had reached on average of 72% from total slaughtered, where more than 90% were productive cows. Reasons for slaughtering productive cows were due to: (1) Lower cows price; (2) Limited bulls supply; (3) Local government regulation on inter-island trade; (4) Weak and inconsistent law enforcement; and (5) Lack of understanding on criteria for productive cows by farmers. Increased rate of slaughtered cattle and increasing rate of inter-island trade volumes that higher than the rate of cattle population had caused the decrease of national cattle population. There are currently needs to improve and develop operation slaughter-houses under management of local state enterprise. The management applies on certain mechanisms that sort of incoming productive females according to different grades into allowable to be slaughtered and selected for breeding females, which could be further traded inter-island as supplier of cows for other regions. This strategy may help the central government to meet the demand for productive cows, particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan which have abundance of feed biomass resources. Policy support is needed as instruments for all interested stakeholders including those who are willing to invest in cattle development such as oil-palm estates.

Market Outlook and Trading System Beef Cattle in Nusa Tenggara Barat Nyak Ilham
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB or the West Nusa Tenggara) Province is known as one of the centers of cattle production. The demand of local and national beef tend to increase. The local demand is noted still under the threshold of national standard of food sufficiency. Improvement on public welfare will subsequatly increase demandof weat. This study aimed to analyze local markets potential of beef in NTB, to analyze the contribution of NTB at national market, to analyze trading systems of cattle and beef, to assess functional relationship between the local and inter regional markets. The study was carried out in August 2000, in west Nusa Tenggara Province, using a survey method. Primary data were gathered through interviews from a number of farmers and cattle traders based on structural questionaire. Secondary data were collected from related institutions and a number of key people in NTB. Descriptive analyses were used to interpret the results. Results showed that (1) Local beef market in this area still prospective to improved. On the other hand, the involvement of NTB as a player in national market tend to be decreased. But the share quite constant and tend to be increased. (2) An efficient trading systems of cattle and beef were noticed, where farmers gained 76% of the total value paid by cattle trader and the rest was for wholesalers and retailers. (3) There was functional relationship of the local and national markets where demands for national market caused increasing the price of local market. To keep the role of this region as center of national cattle production, breakthrough efforts are needed to improve production sector by accelerating population growth and also by providing conducive circumstances in the policy to meet competitive advantage in national market. Key words: Cattle and beef, prospect, marketing, NTB

ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN SERTA POTENSI EKSPOR DAGING BABI INDONESIA I KETUT KARIYASA; NYAK ILHAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 1 Februari 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Supply and demand analysis model of pork meat in Indonesia, including thecapability of its export rate, using national time series data period 1975-1999.Thisanalysis is using econometrical approach with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method.The result shows that from supply side, price of meat itself, price of the pork, netimport of pork meat, and quantity population of pork influence it. From demandside, influenced by the price of its meat, price of fish, and income. In ten year ahead,the capability of export rate for pork meat will be large enough, and considered to be48,7% from production. This rate could be reached by improving quality of cattle andmeat, making conducive environment for investing and spreading out this cattlebusiness into large area, which support its environment living from many aspects,such as social, cultural, and religion aspect.

PERKEMBANGAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONVERSI LAHAN SAWAH SERTA DAMPAK EKONOMINYA NYAK ILHAM; YUSMAN SYAUKAT; SUPENA FRIYATNO
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 5, No. 2 Juli 2005
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Economic growth needs more and more land for infrastructures development.It was suggested that the development would convert wet rice field to non-agricultureuse. This problem suggested will threaten sustainability of national rice production.The aims of this study are: (1) to analyze growth of wetland conversion in Indonesia.(2) To identify factors that affect wet land conversion. (3) To identify economicimpacts of wetland conversion, especially on rice production. The data source is fromBPS as time series data from 1978 to 2000. The data and information was analyzed bydescriptive and using tabulation. Some important conclusions are: (1) the wetlandconversion in Java bigger than other region and tend to increase. This conditionindicated that government effort to control wetland conversion was not effective yet.(2) At the macro level, wetland conversion positive associated with GDP growth,negative associated with farmer change value, no associated with increasing population.(3) The rice production losses caused wetland conversion cannot be supported by newwetland construction, so that Indonesia must import rice to suffice staple food, (4)beside improving the accuracy data and law enforcement, the construction newwetland, improvement technology on wet land and up land rice cultivation and,improvement of extension activity should be realized.

PENGGUNAAN PANGSA PENGELUARAN PANGAN SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KOMPOSIT KETAHANAN PANGAN NYAK ILHAM; BONAR M. SINAGA
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 7, No. 3 November 2007
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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ABSTRACT Many indicator can use for measuring food security, one of that is food expenditure share. The objective of this research are in order to: (1) account individual food expenditure share and (2) analyze the relation of food expenditure share and food security. The econometrics approach was used to analyze the available data. This analysis is using Susenas data for 1996, 1999, and 2002 and province PDRB data 2002. The result was indicated that food expenditure share is feasible as indicator for food security because had strong relation with some measuring of food security e.g. consumption, food diversivication, and income. Keywords: Food Security, Indicator, Food Expenditure Share ABSTRAK Banyak indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat ketahanan pangan, satu diantaranya adalah pangsa pengeluaran pangan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghitung pangsa pengeluaran pangan penduduk pada berbagai kelompok pendapatan dan wilayah pemukiman, dan (2) menganalisis hubungan pangsa pengeluaran pangan dan ketahanan pangan. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu digunakan data Susenas tahun 1996, 1999, dan tahun 2002 serta data PDRB provinsi tahun 2002 yang bersumber dari BPS. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan pendekatan ekonometrika teknik Ordinary Least Squares yang dilengkapi dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan teknik tabulasi dan grafik. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa pangsa pengeluaran pangan layak dijadikan indikator ketahanan pangan karena mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan berbagai ukuran ketahanan pangan yaitu tingkat konsumsi, keanekaragaman pangan, dan pendapatan. Kata Kunci: Ketahanan Pangan, Indikator, Pangsa Pengeluaran Pangan

POLA PEMASARAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN PUPUK PASCA KEBIJAKAN PENGENDALIAN DISTRIBUSI PUPUK UREA MARET 2001 NYAK ILHAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 2, No. 2 Juli 2002
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Free trade policy which is hope could avoid scarcity of fertilizer, at the end wascausing the condition of fertilizer scarcity. This condition push the government to replied thepolicy of urea control distribution. This research has an objective to evaluate the impact ofthese policy to marketing efficiency and fertilizer supply. Data and information was gatheredby using Rapid Rural Appraisal Method in some level of respondent in Kabupaten Subangand Garut on February 2001. The data was analysed by using description method with crosstabulation. The result of these analysis showed that the impact of urea control distributiongovernment supply with small variants of price. In the other way, for producer and tradersthis policy was give disincentive to them, but on the other hand their marketing systems quiteefficient. We still found some weakness factor which is caused the minimum function ofdealers/distributors, this all caused by unfairness between them. The indicate analysisshowed that comparable fertilizer use was not applied yet. To create sustainability infertilizer distribution, the unfairness should be eliminate. To control the price of fertilizercould be done as follows: (1) to push raw material price. In this case natural gases; (2) Todelete the obligation of Pusri in using storage in the Pusri fertilizer port; (3) to suggest valueadded tax 10 percent in fertilizer selling process, by this scenario we assumed that it willhelp them to use comparable fertilizer so the extension to farmer will keep continue.

ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN SERTA POTENSI EKSPOR DAGING BABI INDONESIA I KETUT KARIYASA; NYAK ILHAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 2, No. 1 Februari 2002
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Supply and demand analysis model of pork meat in Indonesia, including thecapability of its export rate, using national time series data period 1975-1999.Thisanalysis is using econometrical approach with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method.The result shows that from supply side, price of meat itself, price of the pork, netimport of pork meat, and quantity population of pork influence it. From demandside, influenced by the price of its meat, price of fish, and income. In ten year ahead,the capability of export rate for pork meat will be large enough, and considered to be48,7% from production. This rate could be reached by improving quality of cattle andmeat, making conducive environment for investing and spreading out this cattlebusiness into large area, which support its environment living from many aspects,such as social, cultural, and religion aspect.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TATANIAGA PUPUK TERHADAP PERAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA SEBAGAI DISTRIBUTOR PUPUK NYAK ILHAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 1, No. 2 Juli 2001
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

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Fertilizers marketing policy that have been decided by the government on December 1998 isaimed at creating opportunity for suppliers or importers to supply and distribute fertilizers forthe farmers. The problem is that the Cooperation of Village Unit Cooperation (KUDs) asdistributors at Lini-IV will compete with supplier or importer who has more capital and goodmanagement. The aim of this paper is to asses the impact of zero subsidies and free marketpolicy of fertilizers distribution system and the performance of Cooperation of Village UnitCooperation (KUDs). This research has been carried out by the Center for Agro-socioEconomic Research (CASER), by taking Karawang and Subang (West Java) as cases. Theprimary data were collected from PT. Pusri, SP. Bimas of Department of Agriculture,Fertilizer Retailers and Cooperation of Village Unit Cooperation (KUDs). The secondarydata were collected from PT. Pusri. The finding of this research shows that, after theimplementation of the policy, fertilizer distribution system becomes shorter (simpler) andfertilizers are distributed through many channels, so that farmers can buy fertilizers easily andat relatively low prices. Because of capital constraint, KUDs can not compete with nonCooperation of Village Unit Cooperation (non-KUDs) distributors. Consequently, the sale ofKUDs fertilizers had decreased, and this condition will disturb the survival of Cooperation ofVillage Unit Cooperation (KUDs) as a distributors. In the long run, government must beaware of the possibility that non Cooperation of Village Unit Cooperation (non-KUDs)distributors form a cartel and have strong power in fertilizer marketing. To stabilize thecontribution of Cooperation of Village Unit Cooperation (KUDs) as public institution infertilizer distribution activity, government needs to empower Cooperation of Village UnitCooperation (KUDs) through increasing working capital and coordinating fertilizerdistribution mechanism through Center of Village Unit Cooperation (PUSKUDs).

ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN SERTA POTENSI EKSPOR DAGING BABI INDONESIA I KETUT KARIYASA; NYAK ILHAM
SOCA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol. 3, No. 1 Februari 2003
Publisher : Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Jalan PB.Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Telp: (0361) 223544 Email: soca@unud.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (117.485 KB)

Supply and demand analysis model of pork meat in Indonesia, including thecapability of its export rate, using national time series data period 1975-1999.Thisanalysis is using econometrical approach with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method.The result shows that from supply side, price of meat itself, price of the pork, netimport of pork meat, and quantity population of pork influence it. From demandside, influenced by the price of its meat, price of fish, and income. In ten year ahead,the capability of export rate for pork meat will be large enough, and considered to be48,7% from production. This rate could be reached by improving quality of cattle andmeat, making conducive environment for investing and spreading out this cattlebusiness into large area, which support its environment living from many aspects,such as social, cultural, and religion aspect.

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