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The expressions of NF-kb and TGFb-1 on odontoblast-like cells of human dental pulp injected with propolis extracts Ira Widjiastuti; Ketut Suardita; Widya Saraswati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Propolis is known to have beneficial effects, namely anti- bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory. Propolis extracts with anti-inflammatory properties are expected to be useful in treating inflamed pulp tissue with a diagnosis of reversible pulpitis. The inflammation of pulp tissue is caused by bacteria, namely Lactobacillus acidophilus. This research used odontoblast like cells derived from pulp tissue of human third molars. Odontoblast like cells exposed to Lactobacillus achidophilus were used as a model of proinflammatory cytokine signaling. This research examined the effects of propolis extracts on odontoblast like cells exposed to Lactobacillus acidophilus. Purpose: This research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of propolis extracts on the activities of odontoblast-like cells exposed to Lactobacillus acidophillus by measuring the expressions of NFkb and TGF- b1. Methods: First, pulp odontoblast cultures were derived from human dental pulp tissues of impacted third molars removed by using digestion method. Next, odontoblast-like cells exposed to inactive Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria were given propolis extract. Finally, the activities of odontoblast-like cells were monitored by measuring the expressions of NF-kb and TGFb-1 with immunocytochemistry technique. Results: A decline NF-kb expression and on increase of TGFb-1 expression on odontoblast like cells exposed to inactive Lactobacillus acidophilus. Conclusion: Propolis extracts inhibit the expression of NF-kb, and increase the expression of TGF-b1 in pulp odontoblast-like cells exposed to inactive Lactobacillus acidophillus.Latar belakang: Propolis dilaporkan mempunyai efek menguntungkan yaitu bersifat anti bakteri, anti virus, anti inflamasi, anti oksidan, dan imunomodulator. Ekstrak propolis dengan sifat anti inflamasi diharapkan bermanfaat untuk mengobati jaringan pulpa yang mengalami inflamasi dengan diagnosis pulpitis reversibel. Inflamasi jaringan pulpa disebabkan oleh bakteri diantaranya adalah Lactobacillus acidophilus. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Odontoblast like cells yang berasal dari jaringan pulpa dari gigi molar ke tiga manusia. Odontoblast like cells dipapar Lactobacillus acidophilus digunakan sebagai model signaling sitokin proinflamasi. Studi ini, meneliti pengaruh pemberian ekstrak propolis pada odontoblast like cells yang dipajan Lactobacillus acidophilus. Tujuan: Penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak propolis terhadap aktifitas odontoblast like cells yang dipajan Lactobacillus acidophillus dengan mengukur ekspresi NF-kb dan TGF-b1. Metode: pembuatan kultur odontoblas pulpa berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi Molar ke tiga impaksi yang dicabut menggunakan metode digesti. Odontoblast like cells dipajan bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus inaktif, diberi ekstrak propolis dan aktifitas dari odontoblast like cells diukur melalui ekspresi NF-kb dan TGFb-1 secara imunositokimia. Hasil: Terjadi penurunan ekspresi NF-kb, dan peningkatan ekspresi TGFb-1 pada kultur odontoblas yang dipapar bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus inaktif. Simpulan: Ekstrak propolis menghambat ekspresi NF-kb, dan meningkatkan ekspresi TGF-b1 pada odontoblast like cells pulpa yang dipajan bakteri Lactobacillus acidophillus inaktif

Optimum dose of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate based bonding material on pulp cells toxicity Widya Saraswati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 43 No. 2 (2010): June 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), one type of resins commonly used as bonding base material, is commonly used due to its advantageous chemical characteristics. Several preliminary studies indicated that resin is a material capable to induce damage in dentin-pulp complex. It is necessary to perform further investigation related with its biological safety for hard and soft tissues in oral cavity. Purpose: The author performed an in vitro test to find optimum dose of HEMA resin monomer that may induce toxicity in pulp fibroblast cells. Method: The method of this study was experimental laboratory with post test control group design. Primary cell culture was made from dental pulp fibroblast cells, and was given with HEMA resin bonding material in various concentrations (5 µg/ml–2560 µg/ml), and then subjected to toxicity test (MTT assay). Result: HEMA optimum concentration was 320 µg/ml to induce cytotoxicity in pulp fibroblast cells. Conclusion: The used of HEMA - base bonding material with the concentration of 200 µg/ml may induced pulp fibroblas cell toxicity.Latar belakang: Keberhasilan suatu bahan bonding secara klinis tergantung pada kandungan fisik, kimia dan keamanan secara biologis. HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) adalah bahan resin yang paling banyak digunakan karena memiliki sifat fisik-kimia yang baik. Beberapa penelitian pendahuluan menyebutkan bahwa resin merupakan bahan yang mampu menyebabkan gangguan pada kompleks dentin pulpa sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut menyangkut segi keamanan secara biologis bagi jaringan keras dan jaringan lunak di rongga mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini akan menguji secara in vitro (pada kultur sel fibroblas pulpa gigi) untuk mengetahui dosis optimal monomer resin HEMA yang dapat menyebabkan toksisitas pada sel fibroblas pulpa. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan penelitian post test control group design. Kultur sel primer dibuat dari sel fibroblas pulpa gigi, dan diberi bahan bonding resin HEMA dengan berbagai konsentrasi (5 µg/ml–2560 µg/ml) kemudian dilakukan uji toksisitas (MTT assay) Hasil: Didapatkan konsentrasi optimal HEMA adalah 320µg/ml untuk dapat menginduksi terjadinya sitotoksisitas pada sel fibroblas pulpa. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan bahan dasar bonding HEMA dengan konsentrasi mulai 320 µg/ml dapat menyebabkan toksisitas pada sel fibrosis pulpa.

Differences in surface roughness of nanohybrid composites immersed in varying concentrations of citric acid Gabriela Kevina Alifen; Adioro Soetojo; Widya Saraswati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: The surface roughness of restoration is important in predicting the length of time it might remain in the mouth. Conditions within the oral cavity can affect the surface roughness of a restoration. Nanohybrid composite is widely used in dentistry because it can be applied to restore anterior and posterior teeth. Athletes routinely consume isotonic drinks which are acidic and even more erosive than the carbonated variety because they contain a range of acids; the highest content of which being citric acid. Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite after having been subjected to immersion in varying concentrations of citric acid. Methods: Two isotonic drinks (Pocari Sweat and Mizone) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the respective concentrations of citric acid which they contained. A total of 27 samples of cylindrical nanohybrid composite were prepared before being divided into three groups. In Group 1, samples were immersed in citric acid solution derived from Pocari Sweat. Those of Group 2 were immersed in citric acid solution derived from Mizone; while Group 3, samples were immersed in distilled water as a control. All samples were immersed for 7 days, before their surface roughness was tested by means of a surface roughness tester (Mitutoyo SJ-201). Data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in surface roughness between Groups 1, 2 and 3 (p=0.985). Conclusion: No difference in surface roughness of nanohybrid composites results from prolonged immersion in varying concentrations of citric acid.

The inhibition of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase enzyme activity by mangosteen pericarp extract Nirawati Pribadi; Yovita Yonas; Widya Saraswati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i2.p97-101

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans produces the glucosyltransferase enzyme which is capable of catalyzing glucan synthesis in the progression of dental caries. Certain treatments involving traditional plant use have been developed to eradicate Streptococcus mutans as a means of preventing the formation of dental caries. One of these is mangosteen pericarp extract containing a number of polyphenols that have the capacity to act as antibacterial agents, namely; tannin, mangostin, and flavonoid. Purpose: The research aimed to investigate the inhibitory power of mangosteen pericarp extract against Streptococcus mutans producing the glucosyltransferase enzyme. Methods: The research used mangosteen pericarp extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% as the treatments, while 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was used as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Each group consisted of six samples. Mangosteen peels extracted with 96% ethanol (maceration method) and mangosteen extract constituted 5% of the total weight of the mangosteen pericarp. Supernatant containing Gtf enzyme produced from a culture medium and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4o C. Glucosyltransferase enzyme activity was measured by analyzing the extensive fructose area by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The extensive fructose area was determined according to time retention in each group. Results: Mangosteen peel extract at concentrations of 0.39% and 0.78% demonstrated greater ability than the negative control group (sterile aquades) and similar ability to the positive group (chlorhexidine 0.12%) to inhibit the activity of the Gtf enzyme or S. mutans bacteria. Conclusion: Mangosteen pericarp extract has the ability to inhibit the activity of Streptococcus mutans in producing glucosyltransferase enzyme.

Microleakage difference between total-etch and self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite restoration after carbonic acid immersion Widya Saraswati; Dian Pramita Ayu Kumalasari; Adioro Soetojo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 52 No. 4 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i4.p192-196

Background: Bulk fill packable composite that can be applied to a depth of 4mm in cavities is widely used in posterior teeth restoration. Unfortunately, this composite is subject to potential microleakage which occurs due to erosion resulting from the consumption of carbonated drinks containing carbonic acid. Nevertheless, microleakage can be reduced by bonding applications the etch technique of which is divided into two forms; self-etch bonding and total-etch bonding. Purpose: This study aims to determine the difference in microleakage between total-etch and self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite following carbonic acid immersion. Methods: This study constitutes experimental laboratory research utilizing 28 incisors bovine teeth which were cleaned, immersed in 0.01% NaCl, and randomly divided into four groups. The cervical area of the teeth of all groups were prepared through the creation of cylindrical shapes 2mm in diameter and 3 mm deep. Groups I and III used total-etch bonding, while groups II and IV used self-etch bonding. Groups III and IV were control groups, whereas groups I and II were treatment groups (immersed in carbonic acid) for 24 hours. Thermocycling was carried out in all groups which were subsequently immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours after which the teeth were cut in a buccolingual direction using a diamond disc wheel. Microleakage was subsequently evaluated by calculating the amount of methylene blue passing between the restoration wall and cavity using a Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data was then analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the control groups and treatment groups (p<0.05). The microleakage in Group 2 was higher than that of other groups. Conclusion: The microleakage of total-etch bonding was lower than self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite after carbonic acid immersion.

Enamel remineralisation-inducing materials for caries prevention Sri Kunarti; Widya Saraswati; Dur Muhammad Lashari; Nadhifa Salma; Tasya Nafatila
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 54 No. 3 (2021): September 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i3.p165-168

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease indicated by the progressive demineralisation process of dental tissue. It is caused by an imbalance between the remineralisation and demineralisation processes. The focus of caries management is on prevention. Providing materials that can induce remineralisation is one management of caries prevention. Various materials have been or are being researched, such as casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), tricalcium phosphate (fTCP), bioactive glass (BAG), and nanotechnologies such as nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) and silver nano fluorine (NSF). Purpose: This study aims to review the development of enamel remineralisation inducing materials as a newer approach in caries prevention. Review: Various ingredients have been shown to increase enamel remineralisation through different mechanisms in preventing the development of carious lesions. Conclusion: CPP–ACP, fTCP, BAG, n-HAP, and NSF can induce enamel remineralisation as caries prevention agents. n-HAP and NSF are the most effective agents to enhance enamel remineralisation to prevent caries.

Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) Ekstrak Propolis Lawang terhadap Candida albicans Alvita Wibowo; Ira Widjiastuti; Widya Saraswati
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: Candida albicans is the most resistant fungi in root canals. The existence of Candida albicans after root canal treatment can cause the failure of root canal treatment. The prevalence of this case is 36,7%. Propolis is a resinous substance which has many pharmaceutical and biological effects such as antimicrobial activities. Its active components include flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, have an important role in antimicrobial activities. In this study, antifungal aspect of propolis extract was investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Propolis extract produced by propolis farm from Lawang. The antifungal activity test was performed by colony counting fungi in sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) to determine the value of MFC of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Result: At the concentration of 72,5%, 73,5%, 74,5%, 75,5%, 76,5%, and 77,5% there are decreases in the number of Candida albicans fungal colonies when compared with positive control group. There are significant differences in each study group (p<0,05). At the concentraion of 76,5% was not revealed any fungal growth of Candida albicans, it was because the antifungal effect of propolis extract has reached MFC. Conclusion: The minimum fungicidal concentration of propolis extract againts Candida albicans is 76,5%.

Kemampuan hambat ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus mutans Erin Imaniar B; Sri Kunarti; Widya Saraswati
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background : Streptococcus mutans is the most cariogenic microorganism in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans has the ability to use dietary carbohydrates, such as sucrose, to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (glucan and fructan) through glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Extracellular polysaccharide has a role in promoting the adhesion of bacteria. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard as antiplaque agent but chlorhexidine is not fully able to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria because it has an effect that can increase gtfC and gtfD expression on S. mutans in planktonic form. Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) contains of curcumin, xanthorrhizol, saponin, flavonoid and tannin that have an effect to inhibit activity and secretion of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find out the ability of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) to inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Method: This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post test only control group design using Streptococcus mutans. Temulawak was extracted using maceration method. The number of bacteria that can perform adhesion to the tooth surface can be determined by performing calculations using formulas plate count method. Result: Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) at concentrations of 25%, 37.5%, 50% and chlorhexidine can inhibit bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: Temulawak extract at concentration of 50% and 37.5% has the best ability to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria among other treatment groups.

Kekuatan Perlekatan Geser Tumpatan Semen Ionomer Kaca pada Dentin setelah Aplikasi Dentin Conditioner dan Cavity Conditioner Dewi Kusuma Wardani; Ruslan Effendy; Widya Saraswati
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2018): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Backround: Smear layer formed during cavity preparation interfere with the adhesion between restoration and tooth structure and is considered a barrier that would degrade the quality of adhesion. Smear layer does not have a stable substrate for adhesion, gradually layer dissolves in the restorative material and cause microleakage, penetration of bacteria and inflammation of the pulp. Adhesion to dentin is more difficult to achieve than enamel, therefore the cleaning procedure on dentin require special treatment. Conditioner form a weak acid is used to remove the smear layer and surface contamination on the email or dentin which can reduce the adhesion of the material and the tooth surface. Dentin conditioner is an acid material containing 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner while Cavity conditioner an acid material containing 20% polyacrylic acid and 3% aluminum chloride. The higher the concentration, the more smear layer is dissolved in order to obtain adhesion of glass ionomer cements better because it is not blocked by the smear layer. Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory research is to study the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement in dentin after application dentin conditioner and cavity conditioner .Material and Method: Twenty seven bovine cow's teeth were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of nine samples. Group 1 was control (without conditioner). Group 2 was treated with the Dentin conditioner. Group 3 was treated with the Cavity conditioner. Result: The average shear bond strength in group 1 is 3.31 Mpa, group 2 is 7.74 MPa and group 3 is 9.92 Mpa. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between third group and the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement on dentin with application of the Cavity conditioner is higher than with application of the Dentin conditioner and without application conditioner

The Difference of The Effects of Conventional Flowable Composite and Self-Adhering Flowable Composite on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cells Anuj Bhardwaj; S. Sukaton; Anggi Puspitasari; Widya Saraswati
Conservative Dentistry Journal Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Background: One type of composite resin material on the market is flowable composites (FC) which has low viscosity, can be applied to areas with low stress or require good penetration such as pit and fissure sealants, restoration of class II, class III, and class V. Along with technology development, self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) material has been developed which shorten the applications time because it combines etch, priming, and bonding in one system. The incomplete composite polymerization process can release residual monomers which affect pulp and gingiva The effects of composite materials can be seen from the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells after being exposed by these materials. Aims: Determine the viability of BHK-21 cells after being exposed to conventional flowable composite (CFC) and SAFC. Method: The research was in-vitro experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. BHK-21 cell cultures were included in a 96-well microplate and divided into control group (N=16) and two treated groups (N=16). The treated group was given CFC and SAFC in a disk form with 5mm in diameter and 2,5mm in thickness, then incubated for 24 hours. MTT was given, the optical density value was read by ELISA reader and cell viability was calculated. Optical density data were analyzed using Tukey HSD to compare between groups. Results: The BHK-21 cells viabitlity of SAFC group is greater than the CFC, , indicated by the optical density SAFC (value=0.1233) and CFC (value=0.0936). Conclusion: The viability of BHK-21 cells exposed to SAFC is higher than that of CFC.

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