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BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS OF COTTON SEEDS OIL (CEIBA PENTANDRA) BY CHEMICALLY TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS AND ION FRAGMENTATION OF METHYL ESTE Gunawan, Erin Ryantin; Wulandari, Siska Ayu; Yuanita, Emmy; Suhendra, Dedy
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Fossil fuel is Commercial energy sources in many communities where their abundance progressively reduced and the resulting environmental pollution. Biodiesel is one alternative fuel made from vegetable oils are suitable to replace the function of fossil fuels and environmentally friendly. Synthesis of biodiesel from cotton seeds oil was carried out by chemically transesterification process. Composition of methyl esters in biodiesel and was analyzed by GC-MS are methyl palmitate (16.71 %), methyl 8,11- octadecadienoic (46.45 %) and methyl linoleate (4.21 %). The highest biodiesel produced from the conversion of the cotton seeds oil amounted to 93.7 % in weight ratio of oil and methanol (1:1) with the catalyst KOH 1 % (w/wÂ of oil). Chemical properties of biodiesel produced meets the standard SNI 04-7182-2006 include saponification value of 120.167 Â mg KOH / g, acid value of 0.28 mg KOH / g and iod value 55.84 gÂ iod/100g.

SINTESIS POLIURETAN DARI ASAM LEMAK TEROKSIDASI MINYAK INTI BUAH NYAMPLUNG MELALUI PROSES POLIMERISASI MENGGUNAKAN TOLUEN DIISOSIANAT Suhendra, Dedy; Solehah, Anggi; Asnawati, Dina; Gunawan, Erin Ryantin
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 6, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.6.2.2013.3496

Produksi poliuretan sebagian besar bersumber dari poliol yang berasal dari minyak bumi. Namun minyak bumi merupakan bahan baku yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Dengan demikian perlu dicari bahan baku alternatif untuk pembuatan poliol sebagai bahan baku poliuretan. Telah dilakukan penelitian sintesis poliuretan dari asam lemak teroksidasi minyak inti buah nyamplung melalui proses polimerisasi menggunakan toluen diisosianat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah asam lemak minyak inti buah nyamplung dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan poliuretan dan mengetahui karakteristik poliuretan dari asam lemak minyak inti buah nyamplung. Dari hasil penelitian, asam lemak minyak inti buah nyamplung dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan poliuretan dengan cara mentransformasi asam lemak menjadi poliol melalui reaksi epoksidasi. Diperoleh perubahan sifat fisiko kimia dari asam lemak menjadi poliol yaitu warna kuning muda menjadi putih kekuningan, indeks bias dari 1,451 menjadi 1,458 dan bilangan iod dari 87 mg iod/g asam lemak menjadi 29 mg iod/g poliol. Persen (%) konversi poliol yang diperoleh dari asam lemak adalah 66,67%, sedangkan persen(%) konversi poliuretan dari poliol adalah 83,73%. Karakteristik poliuretan dari asam lemak minyak inti buah nyamplung yaitu berwarna coklat muda, elastis, homogen, keras dan berbentuk membran.Most of polyurethan production are from polyol that was made from petroleum. Petroleum are material which is un-renewable. Thus, itâ€™s necessary to find an alternative materials to produce polyol as polyurethane raw materials. A research abaut polyurethane synthesis from oxidation fatty acid nyamplung seeds oil through polimerization proces with toluene diisocyanate have been done in order to know are the fatty acid nyamplung seeds oil could be raw materials to make polyurethane and to know polyurethane characteristic from fatty acid nyamplung seeds oil. From the research result, fatty acid nyamplung seeds oil could be use as raw materials ofpolyurethane by transforming fatty acid into polyol through epoxidation reaction. The result are the change ofphysicochemical characters from fatty acid into polyol which is light yellow to white yellowish color, the refractive index from 1,451 to 1,458 and the iodine number from 87 mg iod/gr fatty acid to 29 mg iod/gr polyol. Percentage (%) conversion polyol from fatty acid are 66,67% and percentage (%) conversion polyurethane from polyol are 83,73%. The polyurethane characteristic from fatty acid nyamplung seeds oil are light brown, homogen,elastics, hard and in form of membrane.

Sintesis Asam-Asam Lemak Hidroksamik dari Minyak Kelapa Menggunakan Lipase sebagai Katalis Suhendra, Dedy; Gunawan, Erin Ryantin
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Fatty hydroxamic acids (FHAs) have been successfully synthesized from coconut oil by a one-step lipase catalyzed reaction. FHAs are theacids that are based on fatty acids. Their hydrophobicity can be use for some applications such as surfactant and metal ions extraction fromaqueous media. This paper describes enzymatic synthesis of FHAs from coconut oil by reacting hydroxylamine with the substrate catalyzedby a lipase. The lipase used was Lipozyme, a commercially lipase of Mucor meihe fixed on a polymer anion exchange resin. The use ofimmobilized lipase as the catalyst for the preparation reaction provides an easy isolation of the enzyme from the products and othercomponents in the reaction mixture. In addition, it also allows the reaction to be carried out under mild conditions, which reduces thereaction’s side products. The optimum preparation conditions obtained were as follows; the reaction temperature was 30 oC, the reactiontime was 30 h, the ratio of coconut oil : lipozyme (g : g) was 29.5, and the ratio of hydroxylamine : coconut oil (mmol : mmol) was 6. Thesolvent used was hexane. The purified products were characterized by qualitative test, such as FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC.

Enzyme–Catalysed Synthesis of Palm-Based Wax Esters-A Kinetic Study Gunawan, Erin Ryantin; Basri, Mahiran; Suhendra, Dedy
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Wax esters are long chain esters that are derived from fatty acids and alcohols with chain lengths of 12 carbons or more. Wax esters havea wide range of application in industrial especially in cosmetics. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters by alcoholysisreaction from palm oil and oleyl alcohol in hexane by lipase from Rhizomucor meihei (Lipozyme IM). Effect of various concentrations ofpalm oil and oleyl alcohol were studied to deduce the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction. The alcoholysis reaction followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The reaction follows a Ping-pong Bi-Bi mechanism. The maximum rate was estimated to be 6 x 10 -3 mmol/h. mg catalystand the Michaelis-Menten constant for palm oil and oleyl alcohol were 4.145 M and 6.120 M, respectively.

PROFIL KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK TAK JENUH PADA EKSTRAK MINYAK IKAN LELE (Clarias Sp) HASIL REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI SECARA ENZIMATIS Gunawan, Erin Ryantin; Handayani, Sri Seno; Kurniawati, Lely; ., Murniati; Suhendra, Dedy; ., Nurhidayanti
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.7.2.2014.7472

This study aims to determine the type and content of fatty acids in fish, especially on the head catfish catfish andparts of the body as a comparison. Fish oil or triglycerides extracted with soxhletation method with n-hexanesolvent. Water content, iodine number and saponification numbers of fish oil has been determined. Qualitative test of fish oil has been done by TLC (thin layer chromatography). To observe the fatty acid content profile is done in two ways, through the process of hydrolysis of triglycerides then esterified and the second, through enzymatic transesterification reaction. The enzyme used is immobilized lipase (Lipozyme). The results obtained were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total percent composition of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, EPA and DHA) on the head is 3.34% - 5.06% while in the body is 2.02%. - 3.85%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kandungan asam lemak pada ikan Lele terutama padabagian kepala ikan lele dan bagian badan sebagai perbandingannya. Teknik ekstraksi minyak (trigliserida)menggunakan metode soxhletasi dengan pelarut n-heksan. Minyak yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis kadarairnya, ditentukan angka iod, angka penyabunannya dan uji kualitatif dengan KLT (Kromatografi Lapis tipis).Untuk melihat profil kandungan asam lemaknya dilakukan dua cara, yaitu melalui proses hidrolisis trigliseridakemudian diesterifikasi dan yang kedua melalui reaksi transesterifikasi secara enzimatis. Enzim yang digunakanadalah enzim lipase yang sudah diimobilisasi (Lipozim). Hasil yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan alat gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total persen komposisi asam lemak tak jenuh (oleat, linoleat, EPA dan DHA) pada bagian kepala adalah 3,34% - 5,06% sedangkan pada bagian badan adalah 2,02%-3,85%.

PENAMBAHAN MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT BUAH JERUK PURUT TERHADAP KUALITAS SABUN TRANSPARAN DARI MINYAK INTI BUAH KETAPANG Murniati, Murniati; Suhendra, Dedy; Ryantin G, Erin; Handayani, Sri Seno; Ariani, Dwi
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Sabun transparan adalah sabun yang memiliki tampilan yang menarik dan transparan. Sabun biasanya dibuat dari trigliserida minyak nabati edible oil seperti minyak kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Salah satu bahan baku alternatif adalah minyak inti buah ketapang. Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas sabun maka perlu ditambahkan zat aktif yaitu minyak astiri kulit jeruk purut. Minyak atrisi kulit jeruk purut mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat anti bakteri dan anti virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi minyak atsiri terhadap kualitas sabun transparan dari minyak inti buah ketapang sesuai standar SNI 3532-2016. Konsentrasi minyak astiri yang ditambahkan sebesar 0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%; 2,5% dan 3%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, total lemak, bahan tak larut dalam etanol, alkali bebas dan asam lemak bebas, kadar klorida, lemak tidak tersabunkan dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak astiri mempengaruhi kualitas dari sabun transparan tetapi masih memenuhi standar SNI 3532-2016, kecuali nilai total lemak pada konsentrasi 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan nilai lemak tak tersabunkan tidak memenuhi standar SNI 3532-2016, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan daya detergensi sabun.

Sintesis Senyawa-Senyawa Epoksi dari Asam Lemak Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Murniati, Murniati; Gunawan, Erin Ryantin; Suhendra, Dedy; Asnawati, Dina -; Qurba, Pujana
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol 13, No 1 (2022): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447

Epoxidation is a reaction of a carbon double bond with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, converting the original double bond into a three-membered epoxide (oxirane) ring. Generally, the raw material for making epoxy comes from petroleum. Nyamplung kernel oil is a non-edible oil that can be used as an alternative raw material for making epoxy derivatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions and characterization of epoxy materials. The fatty acids of Nyamplung kernel oil were reacted formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum condition of the following parameters on the study of this process was investigated: the epoxidation time, temperature, and the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions with the temperature was 65 oC, the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide was 1:6, and the reaction time was 75 minutes. The results of the characterization under optimum conditions showed the oxirane value of 1.69, the iodine number of 9.63 mg iod/100 g, and the epoxy conversion of 67.6 %. The results of FTIR characterization showed absorption at a wavenumber of 820.03 cm-1 which is a specific absorption from the oxirane ring of the epoxy compound.

Sintesis Senyawa-Senyawa Epoksi dari Asam Lemak Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Murniati Murniati; Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Dedy Suhendra; Dina Asnawati; Pujana Qurba
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v13i1.447

Epoxidation is a reaction of a carbon double bond with active oxygen, which results in the addition of an oxygen atom, converting the original double bond into a three-membered epoxide (oxirane) ring. Generally, the raw material for making epoxy comes from petroleum. Nyamplung kernel oil is a non-edible oil that can be used as an alternative raw material for making epoxy derivatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions and characterization of epoxy materials. The fatty acids of Nyamplung kernel oil were reacted formic acid and hydrogen peroxide with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The optimum condition of the following parameters on the study of this process was investigated: the epoxidation time, temperature, and the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions with the temperature was 65 oC, the mole ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide was 1:6, and the reaction time was 75 minutes. The results of the characterization under optimum conditions showed the oxirane value of 1.69, the iodine number of 9.63 mg iod/100 g, and the epoxy conversion of 67.6 %. The results of FTIR characterization showed absorption at a wavenumber of 820.03 cm-1 which is a specific absorption from the oxirane ring of the epoxy compound.

PENAMBAHAN MINYAK ATSIRI KULIT BUAH JERUK PURUT TERHADAP KUALITAS SABUN TRANSPARAN DARI MINYAK INTI BUAH KETAPANG Murniati Murniati; Dedy Suhendra; Erin Ryantin G; Sri Seno Handayani; Dwi Ariani
JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Sabun transparan adalah sabun yang memiliki tampilan yang menarik dan transparan. Sabun biasanya dibuat dari trigliserida minyak nabati edible oil seperti minyak kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Salah satu bahan baku alternatif adalah minyak inti buah ketapang. Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas sabun maka perlu ditambahkan zat aktif yaitu minyak astiri kulit jeruk purut. Minyak atrisi kulit jeruk purut mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat anti bakteri dan anti virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi minyak atsiri terhadap kualitas sabun transparan dari minyak inti buah ketapang sesuai standar SNI 3532-2016. Konsentrasi minyak astiri yang ditambahkan sebesar 0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%; 2,5% dan 3%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, total lemak, bahan tak larut dalam etanol, alkali bebas dan asam lemak bebas, kadar klorida, lemak tidak tersabunkan dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak astiri mempengaruhi kualitas dari sabun transparan tetapi masih memenuhi standar SNI 3532-2016, kecuali nilai total lemak pada konsentrasi 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan nilai lemak tak tersabunkan tidak memenuhi standar SNI 3532-2016, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan daya detergensi sabun.

Karakterisasi Sifat Fisiko Kimia Minyak Nyamplung Sebagai Bahan Baku Sabun Padat Transparan Sri Seno Handayani; Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Dedy Suhendra; Murniati Murniati; I Made Aditha
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 15 No. 4 (2020): September
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian awal pemanfaatan minyak nyamplung sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan sabun padat transparan. Minyak nyamplung mengandung berbagai senyawa yang baik untuk kesehatan antara lain; asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam linoleat dan asam stearat. Minyak biji nyamplung memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococus aureus ÃÂ sehingga sangat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan kulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko kimia minyak nyamplung untuk persiapan sebagai bahan baku sabun padat transparan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu isolasi minyak, uji sifat fisik dan kimia minyak, analisis kandungan senyawa minyak menggunaan GCMS serta formulasi sabun padat transparan dari minyak nyamplung. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil rendemen minyak nyamplung sebesar 73,89% dengan bilangan asam 64,141 mg KOH/g minyak dan bilangan iod 160,31 iod/100 g minyak. Sedangkan densitas dan viskositas minyak nyamplung berturut-turut adalah 0,822 gr/mL dan 0,35 cSt. Berdasarkan analisis GCMS minyak nyamplung mengandung berbagai senyawa yang baik untuk kesehatan antara lain; asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam linoleat dan asam stearat sehingga sangat berpotensi untuk menjadi bahan baku sabun.

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