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Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan

bilp
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Published by Kementerian Perdagangan

ISSN : 19799187 EISSN : 25282751 DOI : -

Core Subject : Economy,

Economics, Econometrics & Finance

First published in 2007, Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan (BILP) is a scientific journal published by the Trade Analysis dan Development Agency (Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Perdagangan - BPPP), Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia. This bulletin is expected to be a media of dissemination and analysis of research results to be used as references for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and the general public. In collaboration with professional associations, The Indonesian Society of Agricultural Economics (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia - PERHEPI), BILP publishes research reports and analysis of trade sector and/or sector-related trade which have not been published in any other journals/scholarly publications, either in Bahasa Indonesia or English. Publishing twice a year in July and December, this Bulletin is directly disseminated to stakeholders both in print and online.

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Articles 204 Documents

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ANALISIS KINERJA PERDAGANGAN SEKTOR ELEKTRONIK SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PELAKSANAAN CAFTA Adrian D. Lubis
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

A lot of worries are emerging regarding to the negative impact of China ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) to domestic electronic industry. Yet, this kind of study using Trade Specialization Index, Bilateral Revealed Comparative Advantage and GTAP found that the trade deficit has occurred long before the implementation of CAFTA.Therefore, in order to encourage domestic electronic industry to improving its ability to take advantage of CAFTA implementation, government and private sector has to find win-win solution for producing some policies. These policies include cost production reducing, human source productivity increasing through some useful training and new technology application in producing high value added electronic products.

KONVERGENSI PENDAPATAN INDONESIA DAN MITRA REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT (ASEAN+6): APLIKASI METODE CLUSTER FUZZY Azis Muslim
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 9 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Studi ini mengevaluasi pernyataan bahwa Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) mendorong konvergensi pendapatan. Dengan menggunakan data historis dan menerapkan algoritma fuzzy c-means clustering studi ini menguji konvergensi pendapatan Indonesia dan mitra RTA. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa dalam dua dasawarsa sejak tahun 1993, meskipun dengan adanya RTA, Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi, tetapi pendapatan Indonesia tidak konvergen ke arah pendapatan negara maju. Perdagangan perlu dipakai sebagai sarana alih pengetahuan dan teknologi serta peningkatan “kapabilitas sosial” untuk mendukung percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. This study evaluates the proposition that Regional Trading Agreements (RTA) endorses convergence of income. Using historical data and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, this study analyzes the convergence of Indonesia’s income and RTA partners. The results show that in two decades since 1993, with the presence of RTA, Indonesia has experienced economic growth, yet Indonesia’s income did not converge towards the incomes of developed countries. Trade needs to be utilized as a mean to support knowledge and technology transfer and to increase “social capability” to enhance the acceleration of economic growth.

KEMUNGKINAN KELEMBAGAAN RIA DALAM RANGKA REFORMASI REGULASI Rahayu Ningsih; Sri Kusyatiningsih
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Pemulihan ekonomi Indonesia pasca krisis tahun 1997 sangat lambat jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain yang juga terkena krisis, dan factor penyebabnya adalah kualitas regulasi yang rendah dan tidak berorientasi pasar sehingga menghambat dinamika perekonomian. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka dibuatlah suatu rancangan Kelembagaan yang menangani review regulasi baik yang sudah diterapkan maupun yang akan dibuat dengan metode RIA (Regulatory Impact Assessment), dimana Lembaga tersebut berfungsi untuk melakukan review terhadap seluruh regulasi yang diterbitkan oleh instansi pemerintah, terutama regulasi yang menghambat perkembangan kemajuan dunia usaha.Salah satu proses yang digunakan di banyak negara maju untuk mereview regulasi adalah melalui Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA). Di Indonesia, prakarsa penggunaan metode RIA dimulai sejak tahun 2001 baik ditingkat pusat maupun daerah. Beberapa tahun lalu pemerintah telah mengeluarkan 3 (tiga) paket kebijakan untuk memperbaiki perekonomian, yaitu paket kebijakan pembangunan infrastruktur, kebijakan perbaikan iklim investasi dan kebijakan sektor keuangan. Namun semuanya belum memberikan kemajuan signifikan dalam reformasi peraturan dan birokrasi karena selama ini kurang berdaya untuk memberikan sinyal positif bagi pemulihan perekonomian. Departemen Perdagangan mulai tahun 2004 sampai sekarang telah mengambil inisiatif untuk melakukan kajian RIA sebagai metode dalam melakukan reformasi peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perdagangan dan iklim usaha, serta melakukan Sosialisasi RIA ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Keberhasilan penggunaan metode RIA sangat ditentukan oleh adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pimpinan di samping adanya kelembagaan RIA.

ANALISIS FLUKTUASI EKSPOR BEBERAPA PRODUK PERTANIAN INDONESIA DI NEGARA MITRA UTAMA Adrian D. Lubis
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 5 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

developing countries ha ve built special safeguard mechanism (ssm) proposal in order to protect their agricultural products. By using seasoality method test, mann-Kendall test, and control chart, the study found out that export pattern of Indonesia’s agricultural products is not in line with the existing ssm proposal. the agricultural products of coffee and tea showed significant seasonal pattern of export to India’s market. other agricultural products of cacao and its processed products also presented significant seasonal pattern of export to malaysia, singapore and china . Meanwhile, vegetable oil and fats did not show significant seasonal pattern of export to importing countries. on the ssm proposal, Indonesia should promote the minimum level of 19.92 persen, which is higher than developing countries proposal of maximum 10%.

PENGELOMPOKAN KOMODITI BAHAN PANGAN POKOK DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS Dwi Wahyuniarti Prabowo
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Pemerintah sampai saat ini belum memiliki daftar komoditi bahan pangan pokok (Bapok) yang konsisten. Terdapat perbedaan pandangan tentang komoditi Bapok antar lembaga pemerintah, misalnya Surat Keputusan Menteri Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian No. Kep28/M.EKON/05/2010 dan Renstra Kementerian Perdagangan 2010-2014 memasukkan komoditi Bapok yang berbeda. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mencari kriteria penentuan suatu komoditi untuk dikategorikan sebagai Bapok dan mengusulkan komoditi-komoditi potensial untuk Bapok dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process. Hasil temuan menyimpulkan enam kriteria penentu komoditas sebagai Bapok yaitu pangsa pengeluaran komoditi dalam pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga; kontribusi kandungan komoditi terhadap karbohidrat; konsumsi terhadap protein; frekuensi konsumsi; kontribusi konsumsi komoditi terhadap vitamin dan mineral; serta pangsa produksi domestik terhadap konsumsi. Berdasarkan kriteria tersebut, calon Bapok yang diusulkan adalah beras, telur ayam ras, kedelai (tahu dan tempe), daging ayam ras, ikan kembung segar, ikan bandeng segar, gula pasir, susu, minyak goreng, dan terigu. The government still does not have consistent list of commodities that classified as staple food. There is a difference view on the staple foods among government institutions. The Economic Coordinating Ministry’s decision letter No. Kep-28/M.EKON/05/2010 and The Ministry of Trade Strategic Plan 2010-2014 for example, listed diiferent kind of staple foods. The aim of this paper is to identify the criteria of commodity which can be classified as staple food and to identify potential commodities that can be included as staple food by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Six criteria of staple food are expenditure share of food in household spending; contribution to carbohydrate; consumption of the protein; frequency of consumption; contribution to vitamins and minerals; as well as the share of domestic production to consumption. Based on these criterias, the candidates of proposed staple foods are rice, eggs, tofu and tempe, chicken meat, fresh mackerel, fresh milk, fish, sugar, milk, cooking oil, and wheat flour.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN BEA KELUAR TERHADAP EKSPOR DAN INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KAKAO Makmun Syadullah
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 6 No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30908/bilp.v6i1.138

Analisis ekspor kakao dan perkembangan industri kakao sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya pajak ekspor dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Dalam rangka mendorong perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao, pada tahun 2010 pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan pajak ekspor biji kakao. Kebijakan ini bertujuan untuk menghambat ekspor biji kakao dan untuk meningkatkan pasokan biji kakao industri dalam negeri. Data menunjukkan bahwa setelah pemberlakuan bea keluar, ekspor biji kakao mengalami penurunan dan jumlah perusahaan pengolahan kakao mengalami peningkatan. Namun demikian, industri pengolahan kakao belum beroperasi dalam kapasitas penuh. Rendahnya kualitas biji kakao yang diproduksi di Indonesia merupakan faktor utamanya. Untuk itu direkomendasikan agar pendapatan pemerintah dari bea keluar ekspor biji kakao dimanfaatkan kembali untuk pembinaan petani dalam meningkatkan kualitas biji kakao. The study uses a descriptive analysis in comparing cocoa exports and development of the cocoa industry before and after the imposition of export duty. The analysis is based on the secondary data taken from the Central Agency of Statistics.To foster the development of the cocoa processing industry, in 2010 the government has issued a policy to impose export duties on the export of cocoa beans. This policy is aimed to hamper cocoa beans export and to boost cocoa beans supply to domestic industry. The available information shows that after its imposition there has been a decline in cocoa export and an increase the number of cocoa processing companies. However, the cocoa processing industry has not yet operated in its full capacity. This is caused by the low quality of cocoa beans produced in Indonesia. It is then recommended that the government’s revenue from cocoa beans export should be returned back to farmers in improving the quality of cocoa beans. By doing so, the farmer will be compensated by the government in the form of improved and adequate infrastructure in the production center of cocoa beans, as well as provision of higher quality seeds and better counseling.

KINERJA PERDAGANGAN SERTA STRATEGI EKSPOR PRODUK-PRODUK PHARMACEUTICAL DAN KOSMETIK BERBASIS HERBAL INDONESIA DI PASAR DUNIA Reni K. Arianti; . Hasni
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 4 No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Industrial development of herbal medicine, cosmetics and health foods in Indonesia today has grown substantially. utilization of natural resources, especially of medicinal species, will continue, in connection with the Indonesian nation strong linkages to the cultural tradition of using traditional medicine. This trend has extended to the whole world and is known as the “new green wave” or a lifestyle trend “back to nature”. Indonesia as one giant center (mega center) biodiversity, but only about 600 species of plants, 1000 species of animals and 1000 species of microorganism that has been known and utilized by the community potential. Indonesia has a high potential for use as a commercial industry development of herbal medicine, cosmetics and health-oriented food exports. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products based on herbal Indonesia during the last five years (2003-2007) of each export growth average of 7.1 % and 16.9 % per year. Share growth of Indonesian herbal-based pharmaceutical products in the world market is only 3.9 % per year while the world market demand grew 15.5 % per year, while the share of Indonesian herbal cosmetics in the world market and 13.5% of world market demand grew 13.1 % .The structure of the herbal pharmaceutical products exported Indonesia to the world market has not been in line with the structure of product demand in world markets .Indonesian exports more the form of herbal ingredients than finished products (drug/cosmetics), while the world market demand be seen otherwise. This opens the opportunity for Indonesia to expand its market in the world. To be able to take advantage of existing opportunities, Indonesia needs to have effective strategies, such as Indonesia needs to focus on products that have a cluster “Natural Beauty”, the increase in value added herbal products, switching technology, raw material processing, the application of standard CPOTB with mentoring programs, vertical integration with industry in the importing countries will support the cosmetic raw material export activities, information provision and promotion of sustainable export of herbal products.

EFISIENSI PEMASARAN GAMBIR DI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA, SUMATERA BARAT Amelira Haris Nasution; Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka; Lukman M Baga
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 9 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran gambir di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan analisis efisiensi operasional dan efisiensi harga. Penentuan responden petani dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dan responden pedagang dipilih dengan snowball sampling. Data primer digunakan untuk melakukan analisis efisiensi operasional, sedangkan data sekunder time series bulanan dalam periode 2004 – 2014 digunakan untuk analisis efisiensi harga. Berdasarkan analisis efisiensi operasional terbukti bahwa saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk belum efisien akibat posisi tawar petani yang rendah. Dengan analisis efisiensi harga terungkap bahwa dalam jangka pendek, pasar gambir di tingkat petani tidak terintegrasi dengan pedagang besar dan ekportir, dan dalam jangka panjang pasar gambir di tingkat pedagang besar berkorelasi dengan eksportir namun tidak terintegrasi. Korelasi ini mengindikasikan adanya kolusi antara pedagang besar dan eksportir. Oleh karena itu, peran pemerintah diperlukan, terutama untuk mengoptimalkan regulasi pasar gambir yang ada di satu pihak dan meningkatkan peran kelembagaan petani di pihak lain. Kebijakan perbaikan akses informasi pasar dan ekspor gambir akan mampu menciptakan pemasaran gambir yang berpihak pada petani gambir. This study aims at analyzing the market efficiency of gambier in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera using analysis of operational and price efficiency. Farmers were chosen using purposive sampling method and middlemen were selected using snowball sampling method. Primary data were used for the operational efficiency analysis, and secondary data which was monthly time series data from 2004 to 2014 were utilized for the price efficiency analysis. Based on the operational efficiency analysis, it was proven that the marketing channels had been inefficient because the bargaining power of farmers was weak. By using the price efficiency analysis, it showed that in the short run, gambier market in the farm level was not integrated with the middlemen and exporter levels, whereas in the long run, gambier market in middlemen level had corellation with the exporter level but they had not been integrated. This correlation indicated that there was a collusion between the middlemen and the exporters. Therefore, the role of government is needed to maximize the regulation of gambier market and to increase the role of farmer institutions. This can be done by improving the market access information and gambier export policy to create marketing which supports the gambier farmers.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING PRODUK EKSPOR INDONESIA Asnur Elly Samah
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Ekspor non migas memberikan sumbangan sekitar 78,8% terhadap total ekspor tahun 2006, dengan dominasi oleh ekspor hasil industry olahan yang mencapai rata-rata sekitar 70% tiap tahun. Sejalan dengan berbagai perkembangan eksternal dan internal, serta munculnya negara pesaing baru untuk komoditi tertentu, mengakibatkan produk Indonesia mengalami pergeseran pangsa pasar baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Pergeseran pangsa pasar ini ditenggarai oleh adanya penurunan daya saing beberapa produk ekspor non migas.Berkaitan dengan hal diatas, maka tulisan ini menganalisis kinerja daya saing beberapa produk non migas beberapa tahun terakhir. Analisis daya saing menggunakan instrument (tools) seperti RCA (Revealed Comparatif Advantage), AR (Acceleration Ratio) dan ISP (Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan).

PENGARUH VARIABEL EKONOMI DAN NON EKONOMI TERHADAP IMPOR INDONESIA DARI ASEAN+6 MELALUI MODA TRANSPORTASI LAUT Astari Ayuwangi; . Widyastutik
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 7 No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Selama periode tahun 2007-2011 impor Indonesia dari negara-negara ASEAN+6 didominasi oleh impor bahan baku dan bahan penolong. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dominannya impor Indonesia yang dimaksud, khususnya impor Indonesia yang diangkut melalui moda transportasi laut, merupakan tema utama tulisan ini. Variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam analisis dengan menggunakan model gravity meliputi variabel ekonomi, yakni GDP per kapita ASEAN+6, GDP per kapita Indonesia, jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar riil, dan variabel non-ekonomi, yakni kualitas pelabuhan, stabilitas politik dan efektivitas pemerintahan Indonesia. Hasil estimasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan gravity model menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang secara signifikan berpengaruh positif pada impor Indonesia adalah GDP per kapita Indonesia dan kualitas pelabuhan Indonesia. Sedangkan variabel jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar riil, stabilitas politik dan efektivitas pemerintahan Indonesia secara signifikan berpengaruhnegatif. During 2007-2011, the Indonesia’s imports from the ASEAN+6 countries were dominated by the raw materials. The factors that influence volumes of the Indonesia’s imports, expecially which transported by sea transport mode, become the main topic of this research. The variables of the gravity model used in this research are economic variables, i.e. per capita GDP of ASEAN+6, Indonesia’s per capita GDP, economic distance, and real exchange rate, as well as non-economic variables such as Indonesia’s quality of sea port, political stability and government effectiveness. Estimation using the gravity model shows that the variables of Indonesia’s per capita GDP and Indonesia’s quality of sea ports significantly have positive influence on Indonesia’s imports, while the variables of economic distance, real exchange rate, political stability and government effectiveness significantly have negative influence.

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