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Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan

jtkl
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Published by Politeknik Negeri Malang

ISSN : 25798537 EISSN : 25799746 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

JTKL editors welcome manuscripts in the form of research articles, literature review, or case reports that have not been accepted for publication or even published in other scientific journals. Articles published in cover key areas in the development of chemical and environmental engineering sciences, such as: Energy Waste treatment Unit operation Thermodynamic Process simulation Development and application of new material Chemical engineering reaction Biochemical Biomass Corrosion technology The "JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA DAN LINGKUNGAN" journal is a peer-reviewed Open Access scientiﬁc journal published by Politeknik Negeri Malang. This journal ﬁrst appeared in October 2017. The main purpose of the journal was to support publication of the results of scientiﬁc and research activities in the field of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. It is published twice a year in April and October.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 107 Documents

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Pengaruh Daya dan Waktu Terhadap Yield Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak Daun Spearmint Menggunakan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction Fitria Yulistiani; Rizka Khairiyyah Azzahra; Yulinda Alhay Nurhafshah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Spearmint is one type of mint that contains essential oil with carvone (60-70%) as its main component. That component causes mint’s essential oil has antioxidant, antifungal and antibacteria properties. The traditional method to produce essential oil like steam distillation has long and energy consuming processes. The aims of this research were to investigate the influence of microwave power level (100, 180 and 300 Watt) and the extraction time (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) used Microwave Assisted Extraction to mint oil’s yield. Furthermore, characterization determined by oil’s colour, refractive index and density. The analysis of chemical component of mint oil was done using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The power level of microwave and extraction time influence to mint oil’s yield is proven in this research. The highest yield (5.17%) is generated at best variation of power and extraction time from the research are at 180 Watt and 15 minutes extraction time. The colour of mint oil is light yellow, refractive index value is 1.362 and density is 0.8758 gram/mL. The result of GC-MS showed that the major component of mint oil is 71% carvone.

Penentuan Pelarut Terbaik pada Ekstraksi Tanin Kulit Kayu Akasia dan Pengaruhnya Sebagai Inhibitor Laju Korosi pada Baja Karbon Ayu Ratna Permanasari; Tri Reksa Saputra; Aprillia Nurul’ Aina; Salma Liska
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Carbon steel in industrial equipment which direct contact with the environment will eventually be corroded. The rate of corrosion could be slowed by organic inhibitors of tannin compounds contained from acacia trees. Tannins were obtained from the extraction process using methanol and ethanol. The aims of this research were to determine the best solvent in the extraction process of acacia bark based on the largest tannin content and to study the effect of tannin as a corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel in the corrosive media through weight reduction methods. The extraction process used maceration at room temperature for two hours with a solid:solvent ratio of 1:10. The solvents were ethanol and methanol. The extract was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 50 oC, 100 mbar became a paste form. Bark extract was added as an inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 corrosive media; HCl 0.5 M; sea water, and tap water with the addition of inhibitor concentrations of 4%, 6% and 8% (w /v). Immersion was carried out for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Methanol was a better solvent than ethanol with a yield of 4.57% and tannin concentration of 2.768 ppm. Tannin in acacia bark extract is suitable to be used as a corrosion inhibitor in acidic media such as H2SO4 0.5 M and 0.5 M HCl with the highest efficiency gains are 81.20% and 53.06%, respectively.

Pembuatan Biogas dari Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Bakteri Indigeneous Prayitno Prayitno; Sri Rulianah; Hilman Nurmahdi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Air limbah tahu merupakan bahan pencemar apabila dibuang ke lingkungan perairan karena dapat menimbulkan bau busuk, penyakit dan menurunkan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut. Pada sisi lain, air limbah tahu dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif yaitu biogas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi, volume substrat dan waktu pengadukan terhadap produksi biogas dan gas metana. Variabel yang digunakan dalam percobaan, antara lain: volume starter (10%, 20%, 30% dan 40% (v/v)); waktu pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, dan 14 hari), waktu fermentasi (5 hari, 10 hari, 15 hari, 20 hari, dan 25 hari). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan digester yang memiliki volume 50 liter yang diisi dengan starter berupa bakteri indigeneous dan limbah cair tahu pada persen volume tertentu. Selanjutnya digester dialiri gas N2 hingga digester berada pada kondisi anaerobik kemudian dilakukan pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari) atau tanpa pengadukan. Pada setiap 5 hari hingga 25 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran volume biogas dan gas metana (CH4) yang dihasilkan menggunakan alat gas analyzer. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa volume biogas dan gas metana terbanyak dihasilkan pada waktu fermentasi 20 hari, dengan pengadukan 14 hari, dan volume starter 30% dapat menghasilkan biogas dan gas metana (CH4) masing – masing sebesar 5.000 ml dan 540 ml. Tofu wastewater is a pollutant when discharged into the aquatic environment because it can cause foul odors, diseases and reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen. On the other hand, tofu wastewater can be used as an alternative energy source, namely biogas. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time, starter volume and stirring time on biogas and methane gas production. Variables used in the experiment included: volume of starter (10, 20, 30, and 40% (v/v)); stirring time (1, 7, and 14 days), fermentation time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days). The research was conducted using a digester that has a volume of 50 liters filled with starter as much as 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v). Then the digester is flowed with N2 gas until the digester is in anaerobic condition then stirring (1, 7, and 14 days) or without stirring. Every 5 days to 25 days a sample is taken and the amount of biogas and methane gas (CH4) produced is measured directly using a gas analyzer. The experimental results show that the highest volume of biogas and methane gas produced during fermentation time of 20 days, with a stirring of 14 days, and a volume of starter of 30% which can produce biogas and methane gas (CH4) respectively of 5,000 ml and and 540 ml.

Pemodelan Dinamik Solar Cell dengan Metode Pendekatan Shepherd Modifikasi Wahyu Diski Pratama; Bidayatul Khoiriyah; Bella Octa Avenia; Supriyono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): October 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan konsumsi listrik sebanyak 1.129 kWh/kapita pada tahun 2018. Energi alternatif terbarukan merupakan salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi masalah kenaikan konsumsi listrik yang bertambah setiap tahunnya. Salah satu dari energi alternatif terbarukan adalah solar cell. Solar cell yang digunakan pada mobil listrik sebagai pengisi daya dapat membantu mengurangi konsumsi listrik konvensional. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memprediksi kondisi optimum serta cara pengontrolan sebagai sumber energi yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Metode yang dilakukan untuk memprediksi kondisi optimum solar cell adalah dengan pemodelan Shepherd yang tahapannya meliputi pemodelan simulasi solar cell untuk rangkaian, pemodelan simulasi solar cell Shepherd untuk kendaraan listrik (EVs), dan model sirkuit ekuivalen. Kemudian, menyusun pendekatan pemodelan dengan penyusunan persamaan voltase dan arus discharge serta memberikan asumsi-asumsi pada parameter model. Parameter-parameter discharge solar cell berdasarkan data manufaktur yaitu Qfull 1034,32031 mAh/gram, Vfull 17,5177 Volt, Qexp 999,2730931 mAh/gram, Vexp 11,46641134 Volt, Qnom 0,854810174 mAh/gram, Vnom 0 Volt, SOCmin 9,67% dan SOCmax 95,05%. Dari hasil algoritma data simulasi didapatkan parameter-parameter discharge solar cell yaitu E0 12,53704928 Volt, R0 0,012 mΩ, Kdr 0,01 mΩ, Kdv 0,044148043 Volt/mA.h, A 4,9956 Volt, B 2,971366829 (mA.h)-1, SOCmin 9,67% dan SOCmax 95,05%. The Indonesian government targets electricity consumption of 1.129 kWh/capita in 2018. Renewable energy alternative energy is one solution in overcoming the problem of increasing electricity consumption which increase every year. One of the renewable alternative energy is solar cell. Solar cells used in electric cars as chargers can help reduce conventional electricity consumption. This research was conducted to predict the optimum conditions and how to control it as an energy source that can be utilized. The method used to predict the optimum condition of the solar cell is Shepherd modeling whose stages include solar cell simulation modeling for circuits, Shepherd solar cell simulation modeling for electric vehicle (Evs), and equivalent circuit models. Then, develop a modeling approach by compiling the equations of voltage and discharge current and provide assumptions on the model parameters. The discharge parameters of the solar cell based on manufacturing data are Qfull 1034,32031 mAh/gram, Vfull 17,5177 Volt, Qexp 999,2730931 mAh/gram, Vexp 11,46641134 Volt, Qnom 0,854810174 mAh/gram, Vnom 0 Volt, SOCmin 9,67% and SOCmax 95,05%. From the results of the simulation data algorithm, the parameters of the solar cell discharge are E0 12,53704928 Volt, R0 0,012 mΩ, Kdr 0,01 mΩ, Kdv 0,044148043 Volt/mA.h, A 4,9956 Volt, B 2,971366829 (mA.h)-1, SOCmin 9,67% and SOCmax 95,05%.

Regenerasi In-Situ Adsorben Karbon Aktif Tipe Granul dengan Metode Termal Yanti Suprianti; Annisa Syafitri Kurniasetyawati Kurniasetyawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Produk biogas memiliki spesifikasi yang masih perlu ditingkatkan (mengandung metana, CH4 50-70%, dan karbon dioksida, CO2 30 – 49%), agar dapat bersaing dengan gas alam, yaitu lebih dari 98% metana. Metode pemurnian melalui adsorpsi CO2 paling banyak diterapkan, karena tidak memerlukan biaya tinggi, jika dibandingkan teknologi pemisahan konvensional lain. Tetapi, media adsorben karbon aktif akan mengalami kejenuhan dalam waktu tertentu. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meregenerasi karbon aktif yang jenuh oleh CO2 yaitu dengan peningkatan temperatur melalui metoda termal. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan regenerasi in-situ dengan peningkatan temperatur karbon aktif di dalam kolom adsorpsi-desorpsi, dengan alat dapat mengakomodasi tiga pola operasi, yaitu adsorpsi, regenerasi/desorpsi, dan pengosongan gas. Alat terdiri atas kolom yang dilengkapi perpipaaan, blower pendorong udara, heater dan thermostat untuk pemanas dan pengatur temperatur udara. Hasil uji alat menunjukkan bahwa durasi proses adsorpsi hingga mencapai kejenuhan adalah 30 menit pada siklus pertama dan 40 menit pada siklus kedua. Selanjutnya, durasi proses desorpsi dari siklus pertama hingga ketiga menunjukkan peningkatan linier, dipengaruhi oleh temperatur udara pemanas, dengan penurunan konsentrasi Ca(OH)2 hingga masih menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Setelah dilakukan tiga siklus proses adsorspi-desorpsi didapatkan bahwa performa dari karbon aktif masih belum mengalami penurunan kapasitas. siklus proses adsorspi-desorpsi didapatkan bahwa performa dari karbon aktif masih belum mengalami penurunan kapasitas. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, desorpsi, karbon aktif, karbon dioksida, regenerasi in-situ, temperatur ABSTRACT Biogas have certain specifications that need to be improved (contain methane, CH4, 50-70%, and carbon dioxide, CO2, 30-49%), in order to compete with natural gas ( >98% methane). The adsorption of CO2 is the most widely applied to purify biogas since it considered as low cost, in terms of energy supply and raw materials. However, activated carbon adsorbent will be saturated and must be regenerated. One of the methods that can be used to regenerate CO2-saturated activated carbon is using thermal method. In this research, the in-situ regeneration was carried out by increasing temperature of the activated carbon in adsorption-desorption column, which accommodate three operating patterns, namely adsorption, regeneration/desorption, and gas discharge. The tool consists of columns, piping, blower, heater and thermostat for air heating and controlling temperature. The result showed that the saturation time was 30 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively in 1st and 2nd cycle. The duration of the desorption from the 1st to 3rd cycle showed a linear trend, influenced by heating air temperature. And the reduction in Ca(OH)2 concentration still showed increasing trend after three adsorption-desorption cycles carried out, so the performance or adsorption capacity of activated carbon had not yet been decreased.

Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Plastik Biodegradable dari Umbi Talas (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dengan Penambahan Filler Kitosan dan Kalsium Silikat S.Sigit Udjiana; Sigit Hadiantoro; Muchamad Syarwani; Profiyanti Hermien Suharti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Permasalahan tentang sampah plastik di Indonesia berdampak pada ketidakstabilan ekosistem lingkungan dan peningkatan pencemaran lingkungan. Hal ini dikarenakan sampah plastik tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme di dalam tanah. Inovasi untuk mengatasi masalah ini terus dilakukan, salah satunya adalah pengembangan plastik biodegradable. Plastik biodegradable dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan pati umbi talas sebagai bahan utama, sorbitol sebagai plasticizer serta kitosan dan kalsium silikat sebagai filler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan filler kitosan dan kalsium silikat terhadap sifat mekanik, kemampuan biodegradasi, maupun water absorption. Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisa Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui morfologi dari plastik biodegradable. Variabel berubah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 2%,4%,6% dan 8% dari berat pati yang digunakan. Plastik biodegradable dibuat menggunakan metode casting, di mana pati didispersikan ke dalam campuran air dan plasticizer. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan degradasi paling tinggi sebesar 42,86% untuk plastik biodegradable dengan filler kalsium silikat 6%. Sedang hasil uji water absorption menunjukkan nilai terendah 11,76% dengan filler kitosan 8%. Uji kuat tarik diperoleh nilai paling besar 9,56 MPa pada filler kalsium silikat 6%. Plastic waste in Indonesia became a national problematic that has an impact on the instability of environmental ecosystems and increased environmental pollution. This happens because plastic waste cannot be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. Innovation has been carried out continuously to overcome this problem. the development of biodegradable plastic became one solution to this problem. Biodegradable plastic in this study was developed with taro tuber starch as the main ingredient, sorbitol as plasticizer and chitosan and calcium silicate as filler. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of chitosan and calcium acetate as fillers on mechanical properties, biodegradability, and water absorption. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was also analyzed in this study to determine the morphology of biodegradable plastic. The variables used in this study were the amount of fillers as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the weight of the starch used. Biodegradable plastic has been made using the casting method, in which starch is dispersed into a mixture of water and plasticizer. The results showed that the highest biodegradation ability was 42.86% for biodegradable plastic with 6% calcium silicate filler. While the water absorption results showed the lowest value of 11.76% for biodegradable plastic with 8% chitosan filler. Tensile strength test obtained the highest value of 9.56 MPa for biodegradable plastic with 6% calcium silicate filler.

Pembuatan Briket Campuran Arang Ampas Tebu dan Tempurung Kelapa sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Asalil Mustain; Christyfani Sindhuwati; Agung Ari Wibowo; Adinda Sindi Estelita; Nur Lailatur Rohmah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): October 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Pemanfaatan ampas tebu dan tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan briket memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Briket merupakan arang dengan bentuk tertentu yang dihasilkan melalui proses pemampatan dengan penambahan sejumlah perekat tertentu. Pemanfaatan briket sebagai bahan bakar mampu menghasilkan kalor dengan sedikit asap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi arang ampas tebu dan arang tempurung kelapa serta jenis perekat terhadap karakteristik briket. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu rasio massa arang ampas tebu terhadap arang tempurung kelapa (100:0, 50:50, 30:70 dan 0:100) dan jenis perekat briket (tepung tapioka atau tepung sagu). Tahapan penelitian pembuatan briket ini meliputi persiapan bahan baku, karbonisasi, pembriketan dan analisa produk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik briket terbaik terdapat pada briket dengan perekat tepung tapioka dan komposisi arang ampas tebu terhadap arang tempurung kelapa 30:70. Karakteristik briket tersebut memiliki nilai kadar air sebesar 6,93%, kadar abu 3,50%, kadar zat menguap 24,75%, kadar karbon terikat 64,82% dan nilai kalor sebesar 5995 kal/g. The utilization of bagasse and coconut shells as the main raw materials for making briquettes has great potential as alternative fuels. Briquettes are charcoal with a certain shape which is produced through a compression process with the addition of a certain amount of adhesive. The utilization of briquettes as fuel is able to produce heat with less smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the bagasse charcoal and coconut shell charcoal composition and the adhesive type on the characteristics of briquettes. The variables used in this study were the mass ratio of bagasse charcoal to coconut shell charcoal (100:0, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100) and the type of briquette adhesive (tapioca flour or sago flour). The research stages of making briquettes include raw material preparation, carbonization, briquetting and product analysis. The results of this study indicated that the best characteristics of briquettes were found in briquettes with tapioca flour adhesive and the composition of bagasse charcoal to coconut shell charcoal 30:70. The characteristics of these briquettes had a water content value of 6.93%, ash content of 3.50%, volatile matter content of 24.75%, fixed carbon content of 64.82% and calorific value of 5995 cal/g.

Degradasi Bahan Organik dan Pertumbuhan Biomassa Konsorsium pada Air Limbah Olahan Babi dengan Lumpur Aktif Anoksik I Wayan Koko Suryawan; Anshah Silmi Afifah; Gita Prajati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Produksi daging babi di Indonesia semakin meningkat seiring dengan permintaan dan pasar. Hasil samping dari kegiatan tersebut adalah air limbah olahan babi yang mengandung bahan organik dan lemak yang sangat tinggi sehingga sulit untuk diolah. Pengolahan air yang mudah dan murah perlu diaplikasikan, mengingat pelaku usaha ini didominasi industri rumah tangga. Lumpur aktif adalah salah satu teknologi konvensional yang umum digunakan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses degradasi bahan organik dan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme konsorsium dalam reaktor pengolahan sequencing batch reactors (SBR) anoksik. Proses pengolahan dibagi menjadi 4 tahap yaitu aklimatisasi tahap 1, 2 dan 3 serta proses pengolahan. Nilai oksigen terlarut (DO) tetap dijaga agar tetap berada dalam rentang 0,1-1 mg/L agar berada dalam suasana anoksik. Aklimatisasi tahap 1, 2 dan 3 berhasil menyisihkan COD 94,3%; 66,7% dan 58,1% dan pertumbuhan biomassa yang baik. Karakteristik awal air limbah olahan babi memiliki nilai BOD5/COD sebesar 0,52 sehingga proses biologis dapat diaplikasikan. Nilai C/N dalam air limbah hanya 0,86. Proses pengolahan air limbah oalahan babi dilakukan dalam waktu 12 hari. Penyisihan COD dalam waktu 12 hari sebesar 54,5% sedangkan penyisihan total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) sebesar 73,32%. Pertumbuhan biomassa pada hari terakhir pengolahan 1,284 g/L. Nilai pH dalam proses pengolahan tidak berubah secara signifikan. Pork production in Indonesia is increasing with demand and markets. The result of this activity is piggery wastewater containing organic matter and very high fat is difficult to treat. Easy and inexpensive wastewater treatment needs to be applied, considering that home industries most dominate this business. Activated sludge is one of the conventional technologie applied in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the degradation process of organic matter and the growth of consortium microorganisms in anoxic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The processing process is divided into 4 stages, acclimatization of stages 1, 2, 3 and piggery wastewater treatment. Dissolved oxygen (DO) values are maintained to the range of 0.1-1 mg/L to be in an anoxic condition. Acclimatization 1, 2 and 3 successfully remove COD 94.3%; 66.7% and 58.1% and good biomass growth. The initial characteristics of piggery wastewater having a BOD5/COD value of 0.52 can be applied in biological process. The C/N value is only 0.86. The process of piggery wastewater treatment is carried out within 12 days. Removal of COD within 12 days was 54.5% while Removal fof TKN was 73.32%. Biomass growth on the last day of processing 1,284 g/L. The pH value did not change significantly.

Pengaruh Pitch Turbulator Terhadap NTU Pada Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Mufid Mufid; Arif Rahman Hakim; Bambang Widiono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Saat ini kebutuhan akan energi di dunia terus meningkat, sejalan dengan semakin tumbuhnya industri untuk menopang kehidupan manusia. Namun kenaikan kebutuhan energi tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan bertambahnya sumber energi, sehingga harga energi semakin mahal. Untuk meminimalisir kebutuhan energi, maka perlu dicari sumber-sumber energi alternatif baru, terutama sumber energi baru dan terbarukan. Disamping itu perlu dilakukan pengelolaan energi yang lebih baik, sehingga kebutuhan energi dunia bisa dikurangi. Double Pipe Heat exchanger memiliki pipa luar stainless steel dengan diameter dalam (Do) 3,5 inchi, ketebalan pipa (To) 1,5 mm, dan panjang pipa (Lo) 790mm dan pipa dalam (Di) 1 3/8 inchi, ketebalan(Ti) 0,6 mm, dan panjang pipa (Li) 920mm, dengan air dingin dan air panas yang digunakan sebagai fluida uji di annulus dan pipa dalam. Helical turbulator dari besi (mild steel) dengan dimensi geometris jarak antar elemen (pitch) sebesar 25mm, 50 mm dan 75 mm berdiameter dalam (Di) 5/16 inchi dan diameter luar(Do) 1 5/16 inchi dengan panjang 750mm dimasukkan dalam inner tube dari heat exchanger. Air panas memasuki tabung dengan variasi flowate mulai 400 l/jam sampai 900 l/jam, sedangkan flowrate air dingin konstan 900 l/jam. Hasil penelitian dengan disisipkannya helical turbulator sebagai turbulator pada heat exchanger mengakibatkan peningkatan laju perpindahan kalor. Helical turbulator dengan pitch 25mm menimbulkan peningkatan laju perpindahan kalor paling besar sebesar 62% dibandingkan plain tube. Helical turbulator mengakibatkan peningkatan NTU heat exchanger terbesar sebesar 63% dihasilkan oleh helical turbulator dengan pitch 25mm. At present the need for energy in the world continues to increase, in line with the growing industry to sustain human life. However, the increase in energy needs is not offset by the increase in energy sources, so energy prices are increasingly expensive. To minimize energy needs, it is necessary to look for new alternative energy sources, especially new and renewable energy sources. Besides that, better energy management is needed, so that the world's energy needs can be reduced. Double Pipe Heat Exchanger has stainless steel outer pipe with inner diameter (Do) 3.5 inch, pipe thickness (To) 1.5 mm, and pipe length (Lo) 790 mm and pipe inside (Di) 1 3/8 inch, thickness (Ti) 0.6 mm, and the length of pipe (Li) 920 mm, with cold water and hot water used as test fluid in the annulus and inner pipe. Mild steel helical turbulators with geometric dimensions of 25mm, 50mm and 75mm intervals between 5/16 inch in diameter and a 750mm length 5/16 inch outer diameter (Do) are included in the inner tube of heat exchanger. Hot water enters the tube with variations in flowate from 400 l / hour to 900 l / hour, while the cold water flowrate is constant 900 l / hour. The results of the study by inserting a helical turbulator as a turbulator in a heat exchanger resulted in an increase in the heat transfer rate. Helical turbulators with a pitch of 25mm give rise to the highest heat transfer rate of ±62% compared to plain tubes. Helical turbulators cause the largest increase in NTU heat exchanger of ±63% produced by a helical turbulator with a 25mm pitch.

Studi Kinetika Adsorpsi Metil Biru Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Limbah Kulit Pisang Yuni Kurniati; Okky Putri Prastuti; Eka Lutfi Septiani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Indonesia adalah negara berkembang dengan ribuan perusahaan di sektor industri yang menghasilkan limbah. Pisang adalah produk umum yang paling dikenal di masyarakat. Bagian pisang seperti kulitnya belum digunakan secara optimal namun dapat dikembangkan menjadi karbon aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan limbah kulit pisang sebagai adsorben untuk menghilangkan limbah pewarna metil biru pada industri tekstil. Pada umumnya limbah industri tekstil saat ini banyak mengandung pewarna. Adsorben yang digunakan untuk mengurangi kadar pewarna dalam limbah perlu dikembangkan. Kapasitas adsorpsi limbah kulit pisang dalam penelitian diamati, termasuk jumlah adsorben yang harus ditentukan dan konsentrasi limbah untuk menghilangkan pewarna tekstil. Sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben, karbon aktif limbah kulit pisang harus diaktivasi menggunakan 0,1 N dan 0,5 N larutan NaOH. Larutan metil biru dibuat dalam berbagai konsentrasi untuk menentukan kurva kalibrasi standar menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) untuk mengetahui morfologi partikel karbon aktif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif limbah kulit pisang akan menjadi alternatif untuk menghilangkan metil biru dengan proses adsorpsi dengan memiliki daya adsorbsi rata-rata sebesar 14,12 %. Kinetika adsorpsi dari penelitian ini menggunakan model pseudo orde satu yaitu persamaan Lagergren dan pseudo-orde ke dua yang dikembangkan oleh Ho dan McKay yang menghasilkan konstanta adsorpsi k1 dari pseudo-ordesatu dalam larutan limbah tekstil dengan perbandingan konsentrasi antara limbah tekstil dengan aquades sebesar 3 : 7 (v/v) dengan aktivasi larutan 0,1 dan 0,5 N larutan NaOH adalah 0,0066 dan 0,0033 min-1 sedangkan untuk model hasil pseudo- orde ke dua k2 dengan aktivasi larutan 0,1 dan 0,5 N larutan NaOH adalah 1,8172 dan 1,2539 min-1. Indonesia is a developing country that has thousands of companies in the industrial sector that generally produce waste. Banana is the general product that mostly known in society. The other part of banana only as a waste product, such as banana peel that have not used optimally yet meanwhile it can be developed to be activated carbon. This research aims to use banana peels as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue. In general, textile industry waste currently contains many dyes. Adsorbents used to reduce dye levels in waste need to be developed. The adsorption capacity of banana peel adsorption is observed, including the dose of adsorbent that must be applied and the concentration of waste for removal of textile dyes. Before being used as an adosorbent, the activated carbon of banana peel must be activated by using 0.1 N and 0.5 NaOH solution. Methyl blue solutions were made in various concentrations to determine standard calibration curves using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The characterization was used to support this study such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis to find out the morphology of activated carbon particles. The result indicate that the banana peel activated carbon would be an alternative for the removal of methylene blue by adsorption process with adsorption capacity as 14.12%. The adsorption kinetics of this study used model of pseudo-first order by Lagergren equation and pseudo-second order developed by Ho and Mc. Kay that result adsorption constant k1 of pseudo-first order in 3:7 (v/v) textile waste and aquadest by activation in 0.1 and 0.5 NaOH solution were 0.0066 dan 0,0033 min-1, while the model of pseudo-second order results k2 by activation in 0.1 and 0.5 NaOH solution were 1.8172 dan 1.2539 min-1.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Agung Ari Wibowo

Contact Email agung.ari@polinema.ac.id

Phone +62341404424

Journal Mail Official jtkl@polinema.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Agung Ari Wibowo

Contact Email
agung.ari@polinema.ac.id

Phone
+62341404424

Journal Mail Official
jtkl@polinema.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA