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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 985 Documents
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Larvicidal Effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray Leaf Water Extract against Culex sp. Larvae Abdurrachman, Hasan Ali; Dhianawaty, Diah; Syarifah, Neneng
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

  Background: There are various vector mosquitoes that cause filariasis such as Culex sp. Controlling the number of vectors with larvacide can reduce the spread of this disease. The extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaves are known to have larvicidal effects on Aedes aegypti larvae. The purpose of this study is to determine the larvicidal effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract against Culex larvae.Methods: This was an experimental study conducted during the period of October to November 2012 at the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. First trials were conducted to find the most effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract in killing 25 Culex larvae. A concentration of 100 ml was decided as the testing concentration which would be compared to a positive control containing Abate® and a negative control containing distilled water. The number of dead larvae was calculated every hour for 48 hours.Results: Effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract was 60% (p=0.000 compared to negative control), which was lower than Abate®. Result also showed LC50 and LC90 of 24% and 42%, respectively.Conclusions: Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract has a larvicidal effect on  Culex sp. larvae, although it is not as effective as Abate®, Hence, this leaf may be used as an alternative larvacide as these plants are easily available in the community and inexpensive.Keywords: Culex sp., filariasis, larvacide, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. GrayDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.441
Frequency of Chronic Venous Disease among Nurses Martanegara, Cendy; Ekowati, RA Retno; Djajakusumah, Teguh Marfen
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

 Background: Chronic vein diseases are quite common and its prevalence is also quite high in community. One of the risk factors is occupation with prolonged standing. Quality of life and work efficacy may become risk factors. This disease has not received any special consideration and response. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed on nurses working in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung (n=98; women=76, men=22). The study was conducted in November 2012 through collecting data on prevalence, risk factors, and clinical symptoms by using questionnaire. Chronic venous disease was observed by direct inspection in lower extremities. Diagnosis was concluded according to the Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiological criteria. Results: There was a high frequency, i.e. 86.7% (n=71), of chronic venous disease among nurses, with the age group of 20–29 years old (34.1%) as the age group that was mostly affected. Among female nurses, almost all of them experienced the disease (93.4%; n=71). Clinical symptoms felt by most nurses were heavy feeling on legs (82.3%) and cramps (55.3%).Conclusion: The frequency of chronic venous disease among nurses is high, 86.7% and almost all of the female nurses suffer from the disease. The high frequency in females could be caused by risk factors such as parity and hormonal contraception. Those who are mostly affected by the disease are  within range of age 20–29 years old of age. Heavy legs and cramps are the most frequent clinical symptoms felt. Keywords: Chronic vein disease, frequency, nursesDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.432   
Antiplatelet Drugs and Its Gastrointestinal Side Effects among Ischemic Stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2011 A/L Rajendram, Ananthakrishnan; Husen, Ike Rostikawati; Basuki, Andi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

 Background: Antiplatelet drugs with known side effects are given in long term therapies to prevent secondary ischemic stroke. Gastrointestinal side effect is the most prevalent issue. The aim of this study was to identify which antiplatelet drugs have the most gastrointestinal side effects and the duration of administration. Methods: Seven hundred twenty six medical records were obtained from the Medical Record Department of Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from August to December 2011. Inclusion criteria were >18 years old and treated by long term antiplatelet drugs with complete medical records. Data analyzed descriptively consist of antiplatelet type, gastrointestinal effects, and drug administration duration. Results: Of 726 medical records only 246 were enrolled this study. Aspirin 80 mg was the most frequent drug given to ischemic stroke patients (65.9%). GI bleeding and nausea were the two side effects mostly found in aspirin >80 mg group (90%; 95% respectively). The side effects was found after less than 3 months in the aspirin >80 mg group, while it took longer to appear in clopidogrel 75 mg group. Conclusions: Aspirin (>80 mg) presents the most frequent gastrointestinal side effect compared to low dose aspirin 80 mg , clopidogrel, and combination of clopidogrel and aspirin.Keywords: Antiplatelet, ischemic stroke, side effects DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.425  
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in the National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, January–October 2012 Ramdhani, Rizki Fasa; Gustianty, Elsa; Dwiyatnaningrum, Fenny
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

  Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by the deposition of a distinctive fibrillar material in the anterior segment of the eye. This condition is a major risk factor for development of glaucoma, termed pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic and management of PEXG in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in October–November 2012 using medical records of PEXG patients in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital during January–October 2012. Results: There were 32 patients (43 eyes) diagnosed as PEXG, most of them were male (78.1%), age 70–74 years old (34.4%) and followed by those in the range of age 65–69 years old (21.9%). Most of the cases were unilateral (65.6%) decrease of visual acuity less than 3/60 (76.7%), increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) with majority in the range of 31–40 mmHg (32.6%) and 41–50 mmHg (32.6%), Cup/Disc Ratio 0.9–1.0 (46.51%) and followed by those classified as majority which were hard to assess because of the presence of opaque media (34.89%). The type of glaucoma was open angle glaucoma (88.4%). The treatment received was a combination of two types of antiglaucoma medication and surgery IOPConclusion: PEXG is mostly found in elderly patients. While most of the patients come with high IOP and late stage of the disease IOPKeywords: Characteristics, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.446 
Effect of Dates (Phoenix Dactilyfera L) on Male Infertility Wahyudi, Semalina; Ekowati, R.A. Retno; Rinaldi, Andi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

  Background: Infertility can be caused by prolonged use of paracetamol that leads to a decrease in the sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Dates (Phoenix Dactilyfera L) have natural antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as neutralizing free radicals, against NO, OH, and H2O2, and also preventing lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dates on sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Methods: An experimental study was conducted in the Laboratory of Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, during October–November 2012. Twenty two infertile male wistar rats were divided randomly into 2 groups. Group A was given 72 mg paracetamol/rat/day orally and group B was given 72 mg paracetamol/rat/day orally and 80% dates infusion/rat/day orally for 28 days and on the 29th day, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were measured. Results were analyzed using unpaired t-testor Mann Whitney test. Result: In the control group, 502.73(100.66) sperm concentrations were compared to 397.55(143.07) in the treatment group. However, the sperm concentration mean in the treatment group was not significantly decreased (p>0.05) compared to the control group. The percentage of progressive sperm motility in the treatment group increased significantly compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the percentage of nonprogressive immotal sperm morphology was not significantly decreased. The percentage of normal sperm in the treatment group increased significantly (p<0.05) than the control group, while the percentage of abnormal sperm in the treatment group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The dates affect sperm motility and morphology of infertile rats.Keywords: Dates, infertility, paracetamol, sperm DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.437 
Correlation between Levels of Serum Amylase, Lipase and Triglyceride in Acute Pancreatitis Patients Govindarajan, Gunalan; Tristina, Nina
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
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Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of pancreas associated with reversible pancreatic parenchymal injury. Studies in several countries indicate that the levels of amylase and lipase are usually elevated among patients with acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, hyperlipidemia, mainly high levels of triglycerides, may present in acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of serum amylase and lipase as well as their correlation with serum triglyceride level in acute pancreatitis patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on medical records of 48 acute pancreatitis patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from 2007to 2011. Data collected from the medical records were age, sex, levels of serum amylase, lipase and triglyceride. The distribution of data was determined using Shapiro-Wilk test. The correlation between serum pancreatic enzyme and triglyceride was analyzed using Spearman-rank test.Results: Most patients had increased levels of serum amylase and lipase in this study. However, no correlation between serum amylase and triglyceride (p-value = 0.312) was found. Furthermore, there was no correlation between serum lipase and triglyceride (p-value = 0.241).Conclusions: The levels of serum amylase and lipase increase in most patients with acute pancreatitis with no significant correlation between serum pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) and triglyceride.Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, amylase, lipase, triglyceride DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.420    
Physical Performance of West Java Soccer Athletes during February to December 2012 Anwary, Army Zaka; Purba, Ambrosius; Prabowo, Tertianto
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Althea Medical Journal

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Abstract

  Background: Soccer is one of the sports included in the 18th National Sports Week (Pekan Olahraga Nasional, (PON) 2012, in Riau. Soccer requires a good physical condition to perform various football techniques such as running, shooting, dribbling, tackling, sliding, throw-in and heading. A good physical component can be achieved through a well-rounded program in accordance to the periodization training program. This study was conducted to describe the physical performance of the West Java’s football athletes in order to develop periodization training program and to predict the athletes’ performance.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 23 West Java’s football athletes using secondary data from West Java’s KONI sports medicine team test reports during the period of February to December 2012. The variables in this study were 7 predominant physical components in football as follows: muscle strength, muscle endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, explosive leg muscle power, and general endurance (VO2 max). All components were categorized asInsufficient, Fair, Good, Excellent, and Perfect compared to the central KONI standards.Results: The leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, speed, agility of all athletes were not considered perfect. Not one of the components was above 50% which was the excellent category. Only Arm and shoulder endurance (56.5%), speed (68.18%), and leg muscle power (52.17%) were in good category. The most of the results regarding the athletes’ leg muscle strength was categorized as fair. All results in the abdominal endurance were in insufficient category.Conclusion: Not all physical performance components are achieved perfectly by all of the football athletes.Keywords: Athletes, football, physical performance DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.442 
Solanumnigrum L. as a Hepatoprotective Agent Rizky, Muthiana; Sastramihardja, Herri S.; Nur, Ismet Muchtar
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
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Abstract

  Background: Liver damage may be caused by various factors. SolanumnigrumL.fruit is known to contain flavonoid antioxidant which is responsible for its hepatoprotective effect. A study was conducted to determine the protective effect of Solanumnigrum L. fruit infusion (SNFI) on CCl4-induced hepatic cell damage in rats. Methods: A complete randomized experimental study was conducted on 25 male Wistar strain-white rats (Rattusnorvegicus) which were divided into five groups during the period of September– October 2012. Group I (negative control) was given standardized food and water; group II (positive control) was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 10% paraffin intraperitoneally by 8 mL/kg body weight on the 8th day of the study; group III, IV, V (treated) were given Solanumnigrum L. fruit infusion (SNFI) by 22.5g/100mL, 45 g/100mL and 90g/100mL concentrations for 8 days, respectively, prior to CCl4 induction. The calculation of necrotic liver cells was performed in 48 hours after induction. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney post-hoc test. Results: The percentage of necrosis liver cells in group III, IV, and V was smaller compared to  the positive control group. The protective effect of SNFI against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity may be related to its ability to elevate the antioxidant agent in the body. There were significant differences in necrotic between Group II and group III, IV, V which were treated with SNFI. Conclusion: Further investigation is required to characterize the active ingredients and the mechanism of SNF action to confirm the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects.Keywords: CCl4, hepatoprotective, Solanumnigrum L.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.433  
Correlation of Body Mass Index and Health to Quality of Life among Medical Undergraduates Supramaniyam, Sivanesan; Firmansah, Abdullah; Sungkar, Ellyana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
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Abstract

  Background: Overweight and obesity play a major role in an individual’s Health with Quality of Life (HRQOL). Several studies reported that there are differences between the results in different communities since HRQOL score in relation to BMI is sensitive to specific communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Health with Quality of Life among the Medical Undergraduates of Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung  Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from September to November 2012 in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 280 respondents aged 16-30 were selected from the of 2009, 2010 2011 and 2012 classes of medical undergraduates after a thorough BMI screening. The overweight and obese subjects were selected using total sampling method, while subjects with  normal BMI were sampled using simple random sampling. The subjects were asked to fill up Short Form 36 questionnaires. The correlation was assessed using Spearman`s Correlation test and the difference between the groups were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Of the 260 respondents, there was a weak correlation between the BMI and total health with the quality of life of the undergraduates (rho = -0.173). Among the eight scales used, there was no correlation shown in three scales, namely body pain, social function, and mental health,  in any of the groups. Conclusion: Increased body mass index impairs the health-related quality of life of the respondents, except in scales such as body pain, social function, and mental health.Keywords: Body mass index, health related to quality of life, Short Form 36 DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.424 
Indications of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Atiyah, Dini; Permana, Agung Dinasti; Hartanto, Rudy
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
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Abstract

  Background: Tonsillectomy is the intervention to take out the palatine tonsils either whole or sub capsular, while adenoidectomy is the intervention of extraction of the adenoid gland which is commonly done with curettage method. Both interventions are done to eliminate repeated infections and also obstructions due to inflammation and hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids. This study was conducted to examine the indications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the Departement of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in the period of January 2009–December 2011. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in October–November of 2012 using 207 medical records of patients who had tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy executed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in the period of January 2009–December 2011. Data collected were age, gender, main complaint, tonsil size, history of repeated infections, history of snoring as well as of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). The indication for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy such as infection, obstruction and neoplasia was selected.Results: The indications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were infection at 106 (51.2%) patients, obstruction at 100 (48.3%) patients, and neoplasia at 1 (0.05%) patient.Conclusions: The most numerous indications for tonsillectomy and tonsilloadenoidectomy in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital were infection.Keywords: Adenoid, adenoidectomy, indication, tonsil, tonsillectomy DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.447 

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