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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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Uji Sterilitas Instrumen Bedah Selama Penyimpanan di Kamar Operasi IGD RSUD Dr. Moewardi Kurniawan, Rizki Banjar; Hudiyono, .; Purwoko, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in RSUD Dr. Moewardi still occurs frequently. SSI strongly relates to the sterilization quality of surgical instrument which is determined by the stage of sterilization process that includes cleaning, packaging, ordering in sterilizer, sterilizing process, distribution, and storage. The maximum storage length of sterile surgical instrument in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi is seven days. This research aimed to know the sterilization rate of surgical instrument stored in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Methods: Five samples were taken from post-steriliziation surgical instrument swab with varied storage length, those were 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days. A total of 35 samples were collected based on the rule of thumb with simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The result of 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 1 day  storage was 1 positive sample with contamination and 4 negative samples. From 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 2 and 3 days storage, there was not any positively contaminated samples. Five samples of surgical instrument swab after 4 and 5 days storage showed 4 samples positively contaminated and 1 sample negative. From 5 samples of surgical instrument swab after 6 and 7 days storage, there were 3 samples positively contaminated and 2 samples negative. The microorganisms of contaminant found were gram positive bacteria. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the length of surgical instrument storage and the contamination of microorganism (p = 0.017). Conclusions: There was a significant difference of bacteria growth rate on surgical instruments based on storage length. Surgical instruments stored in IGD operating chamber of RSUD Dr. Moewardi > 3 days were 33 times more likely contaminated than the surgical instruments stored ≤ 3 days (OR = 32,67; p < 0,001). Keywords: sterility, contamination of surgical instrument, storage length.
Perbedaan Kadar Quercetin pada Propolis Isolat Gunung Lawu antara yang Diekstrak dengan Etanol dan Propylene Glycol Endraputra, Pristiawan Navy; Prasetyo, Diding Heri; Sarsono, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Propolis contains quercetin, a substance from flavonoid group which is usually found as its glycoside form and its polarity changes to polar character. More polar of the solvent used, the greater flavonoid compound obtained. Consequently, it leads to different amount of quercetin gotten by different solvents on propolis extraction method. Method: This research used the post test only group design. Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay was applied to determine the amount of quercetin obtained from both ethanolic and propylene glycol extracting procedures. The data were statistically analyzed by independent t-test method. The propolis was collected from Kerjo, Karanganyar. Result: Total dissolved quercetin in ethanolic extract and propylene glycol extract were 63.38 ± 13.14 µg/mL and 45.69 ± 8.70 µg/mL, each, p < 0.05. Conclusion: This research significantly showed that the quercetin level of propolis extracted with ethanol higher than the one extracted with propylene glycol. Keywords: Aluminium Chloride, Propolis, Quercetin 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata [Burm.F.] Ness) terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Putri, Heigy Mutiha; Listyaningsih S, Endang; Riyadi, Slamet
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Green chiretta contains andrographolide as active substances, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins which were thought to protect the liver’s cell  from free radicals. In present study, Green chiretta leaves extract was evaluated for its protective effect on heksaklorosiklon-induced liver cell damage in mice. Methods: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Green chiretta leaves extract, 28 male, Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus) were equally divided into four groups. The group I (KK) were administered aquadest and group II (KP1) were not only administered aquadest but also a toxic dose of paracetamol on the day 12, 13 and 14. Grup III–IV (KP2-KP3) were administered Green chiretta leaves extract (0.2 ml and 0.4 ml, successively) for 14 days and a toxic dose of paracetamol on the day 12, 13 and 14. Mice were sacrificed on the 15th day with neck dislocation and their livers were prepared for microscopy study to evaluate their cell damages. The  damages were assessed  by  counting  the  number  of hepatocyte on centrolobuler zone undergoing pyknosis, karyorhexis, and karyolysis. The data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and the Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (α = 0.05). Results: The mean liver cell damage score of  the KP1 group was significantly higher  (61.80 ± 7.991) than the KK group (33.00 ± 5.225). The KP2 group showed fewer numbers of liver cell damage (37.81 ± 5.653) compared to the KP1 group (61.80 ± 7.991) and the KP3 group (60.81 ± 8.268). The One Way ANOVA test showed the significant difference between the four groups (p=0.000) while the  LSD test showed the significant differences between each other group (p<0.005), except the group of KP1-KP3 (p> 0.005). Conclusions: The treatment of Green chiretta leaves extract was able to decrease the liver cell damage of mice. The increase dose of Green chiretta leaves extract was not followed by the increase of protection effect to the liver cell damage of mice induced by paracetamol. Keywords: Green chiretta leaves extract, paracetamol, liver cell histological damage.  
Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Kedelai Putih (Glycine max) terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Gelang Babi (Ascaris suum) in Vitro ., Pritami; Haryati, Sri; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background : White Soy beans (Glycine max) contain saponin and tripsin inhibitor that have been known having anthelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of White Soy beans extract toward death time of Ascaris suum, in vitro. Methods : The study was a laboratory experimental research using post – test only controlled group design. The subjects were an adult male and female worms (Ascaris suum) that their body length were around 15 cm – 35 cm. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. The subject was arranged into 6 groups, each group consisted of 4 worms, replication was performed 4 times. NaCl 0.9 % and pirantel pamoat 5 mg/ml was added in the negative control group and in the positive control group, in a row.While white soy beans extract of concentration of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% w/v were added to the treatment group. Worms were immersed in 25 ml test solution and incubated at 37°C. The subjects were observed every 10 minutes and the number of dead worms was counted. Data were analyzed with linear regression and Pearson correlation. Results : The data of observation showed that total death mean time of Ascaris suum in the negative control and positive control were 2817.5 minutes and 42.5 minutes, while in the treatment group of concentration of 60% , 70% , 80% , and 90%  w/v of white soy beans extract were 422.5 minutes, 370 minutes, 300 minutes, and 255 minutes, successively. The Pearson correlation test showed very close relationship between variation of the concentration and time of death worms (r = - 0.962). The linear regession test showed significantly (p<0.001) and the regression equation was Y = 2653.400 – 30.340 X and R square was 0.926. Conclusion : White soy beans (Glycine max) extract had effects to the mortality of Ascaris suum in vitro. The most effective white soy beans extract was 90% (w/v) although it was less effective than pirantel pamoat. Keywords : White Soy beans (Glycine max) Extract, Ascaris suum, death time. 
Pengaruh Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L.) terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Gooze in Vitro Seno, Aryo; Haryati, Sri; Sakiman, Bambang Sukilarso
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background : Carrots contain quercetin that can be used as antihelmintik. Quercetin is a class of flavonoid glycosides. This study aimed to determine the effect of carrot’s extract (Daucus carota, L.) against the death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze in vitro. Methods :This study was a laboratory experimental research using post-test only controlled group design. Subjects were Ascaris suum, Goeze which were still in active movement. Sampling technique used in this study was convenience sampling. Subjects were arranged into 7 groups, each group consisted of 4 worms, replication was done 4 times. Pyrantel pamoate 5mg/ml and physiological saline were successively added to the test solution of positive control and negative control group, while carrot’s Extract (Daucus carota, Linn) of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% and 90% were added to the test solution of treatment groups. Worms were soaked in 25 ml of test solution and incubated at 37ºC. Observations were done every hour until all the worms died. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results : There was a significant correlation between the concentration variables and time of death of the worms variable (p value of Pearson correlation was 0.000 (<0.050). The higher concentration of the carrot extract was the shorter time of death of worms (Correlation coefficient of concentration variable and time of death of the worms variable was - 0.960). The linear regression equation was Y = 53.775 - 0.609X. Conclusion : The Carrot’s extract (Daucus carota, Linn) had effects on accelerating  the time of death of Ascaris suum, Gooze in vitro. Keywords : Daucus carota, Linn extract, Ascaris suum, Goeze 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Pangestika, Debora Marga; Suyatmi, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has various components such as betalain, flavonoid, phenolic, β-karoten, vitamin C and E, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Selenium. These components are potent to be antioxidant to protect liver from free radicals. The aims of this research were to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beets on histologic damage of mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol and the dose dependent of this extract. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with the posttest only controlled group design. The subjects of this reaseach were 30 Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of weight, divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups were KK(-), KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3. Aquadest was administered to KK(-) and KK(+). Paracetamol was administered to KK(+), KP1, KP2, and KP3 on the day 12, 13 and 14. Red beet extracts were administered to KP1, KP2, and KP3 in dose 5.6 mg,  11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20 g BW of mice, successively. The hepatoprotective effects were assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 100 hepatocytes at central lobe zone of liver. Results: The result of One-Way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a significant difference among each other group. The linear regression test p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) showed a correlation between increasing dosage and improving protective effect on mice’s liver cell damage. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of red beet had protective effect on histologic damage of mice’s liver cells induced by paracetamol. The increasing dosage of the red beet extract improved the protective effect to liver cells. Keywords : ethanol extract red beet, mice liver cells, paracetamol 
Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus) terhadap Jumlah Sel Spermatid Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Asap Rokok Oktavia, Wida Pratiwi; ., Muthmainah .; Sari, Yulia .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: White dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) contains vitamin C, E, A and polyphenol as antioxidant. This study aimed to prove the effects of white dragon fruit to to increase number of mice spermatids that exposured by cigarette smoke and to know what the effect of  the increasing dose of the extract to the number of mice spermatid. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory research with the posttest only control group design. The subject of this research  were 28 male Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus), aged 8–12 weeks and 20 grams weight. The subjects were arranged by incidental sampling into 4 groups that each group consisted of 7 mice. The negative control group (KKn) was adminstered aquadest while the positive control group (KKp) was exposured by cigarette smoke. The first treatment group (KP1) and the second treatment group (KP2) was successively administered 70 mg and 140 mg white dragon fruit extract per 20 g body weight. Two hours later, the subjects in KP1 and KP2 were exposured to cigarette smoke. This treatments were conducted for 14 days. On day 15th, subjects were sacrificed with neck dislocation and both testicles were stained with HE for microscopy study. The data were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann-whitney test (α=0.05) Results: Mean of spermatids mice in KKn, KKp, KP1 and KP2 were 358.29±16.222; 241.14±36.953;  375.79±74.785; and 436.14±33.629, in a row. Kruskall-Wallis test showed that the significance value was 0.000 (p <0.05). Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between KKn-KKp, KKn-KP2, KKp-KP1, KKp-KP2, KP1-KP2 and no significant difference between the KKn - KP1. Conclusion: The white dragon fruit extract inhibited the number of damage spermatids of mice that exposured by cigarette smoke and the increasing doses of the extract enlarged the number of spermatids mice exposured by cigarette smoke Keywords: white dragon fruit extract, cigarettes, mice spermatid damage  
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Anggara, Amanda Yessica; Muthmainah, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Kidney failure can happen due to intoxication of paracetamol that causes oxidative stress. Red beet (Beta vulgaris) containing various components such as vitamin A, C and E, flavonoid, Cu, Zn, Mn, selenium, betanin, and phenolic has a function as antioxidants. The aims of this research were to know the nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with posttest only controlled group design. Subjects of this research were thirty Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of body weight (BW), each.. The subjects were divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups of this research were negative control (KK(-)), positive control (KK(+)), experimental group 1 (KP1), experimental group 2 (KP2), and experimental group 3 (KP3). The KP1, KP2 and KP3 were administered 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20g BW, successively. The nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice was assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 50 renal cells on pars convulata. Results: One-Way ANOVA analysis p=0.000 (p<0.05) followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons showed a significant difference between negative control and other groups. The increasing dose of the ethanol extract of red beet was followed by the improvement of the protective effect. The linear regression test p=0.000 (p<0.05) showed a correlation between the increase of dose of ethanol extract of red beet and the improvement of the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mice’s renal cells. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of red beet showed the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mice’s renal cells induced by paracetamol. The increase of dose of the ethanol extract of red beet improved the protective effect to mice’s renal cells. Keywords: ethanol extract of red beet, histological damage of mice’s renal cells, paracetamol 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol LDL Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Anggraeni, Yohana Trissya; Subandono, Jarot; Kustiwinarni, .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Andrographis paniculata,Nes leaves contain flavonoids, beta-sitosterol, and andrographolide which can lower LDL cholesterol level of blood. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of Andrographis paniculata,Ness leaves extract against blood LDL cholesterol level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research design, using posttest only controlled group design. Subjects of this research were white rats (Rattus norvegicus), strain Wistar, male, 3 months old, 200 grams weight. By incidental sampling technique, data were collected from 25 rats. Those rats were arranged into 5 groups, each group consisted of 5 rats. The normal control group (KKn) was administered distilled water, while the negative control group (KKn(-)) and the 1st (KP1), 2nd (KP2) and 3rd treatment group (KP3) were administered high cholesterol diet (6.25 g/kg BW/day of egg yolk). Besides that, the KP1, KP2 and KP3 were treated with 160 mg, 320 mg, and 640 mg per 200 g BW of Andrographis paniculata,Ness leaves extract, successively. This research was held for 28 days. Data of blood LDL cholesterol levels were collected 10-12 hours after the last treatment. Later, the data was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Posthoc Multiple Comparisons (LSD) test (α = 0.05). Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference among five groups p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Whereas, the LSD test showed significant differences between KKn-KKn(-), KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KKn(-)-KP1, KKn(-)-KP2, KKn(-)-KP3, (p < 0.05) and non-significant differences between KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3 (p > 0.05). Conclusions Andrographis paniculata,Ness leaves extract significantly lowered blood LDL cholesterol levels of Rattus norvegicus but the increase of the dose did not enhance  its function in lowering blood LDL cholesterol. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata Ness leaves extract, LDL cholesterol 
Deteksi Gen P14ARF Pada Spesimen Blok Parafin Lidah Penderita Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Rakhmat, Jinan Fairuz Anindika; Subiyantoro, Pradipto; Nirmala A, Vita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background : The oral cavity cancer is twenty most common cancer that occurs in the world. Around  90%  oral cavity cancer cell carcinoma is squamous and most of the incidents come from tongue. p14ARF gene is one of the tumor suppressor gene that can prevent the occurrence of a tumor. The purpose of this research was to know the existence of p14ARF gene in paraffin block specimens of the tongue of the squamous cell carcinoma patients in the Regional Public Hospital Dr. Moewardi. Methods : This study was explorative and descriptive research. Paraffin block samples of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients were used in this study. The object of this research was p14ARF gene located on chromosomes 9p21. The samples were separated from the Paraffin Block and their DNA were isolated. The DNA products, then, were amplified by PCR and their PCR products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis. Later, the gel was visualized with Gel Documentation and analyzed to detect the  p14ARF gene. Results : On the visualisation of the gel product, the p14ARF gene was detected in one sample with atypical band pattern and it was not detected on the eight other samples. Conclusion : Only one sample of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients which was positive expressed p14ARF gene with atypical band pattern while the eight other samples were not. Keywords : tongue squamous cell carcinoma, p14ARF, oral cavity cancer 

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